Requirement of NF-κB/Rel for the development of hair follicles and other epidermal appendices

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 3843-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich ◽  
Toni Aebischer ◽  
Joerg Hülsken ◽  
Walter Birchmeier ◽  
Uwe Klemm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Peripheral Lymph ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Node Formation ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Receptor Family

NF-κB/Rel transcription factors and IκB kinases (IKK) are essential for inflammation and immune responses, but also for bone-morphogenesis, skin proliferation and differentiation. Determining their other functions has previously been impossible, owing to embryonic lethality of NF-κB/Rel or IKK-deficient animals. Using a gene targeting approach we have ubiquitously expressed an NF-κB super-repressor to investigate NF-κB functions in the adult. Mice with suppressed NF-κB revealed defective early morphogenesis of hair follicles, exocrine glands and teeth, identical to Eda (tabby) and Edar (downless) mutant mice. These affected epithelial appendices normally display high NF-κB activity, suppression of which resulted in increased apoptosis, indicating that NF-κB acts as a survival factor downstream of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member EDAR. Furthermore, NF-κB is required for peripheral lymph node formation and macrophage function.

scholarly journals Deficient CD40-TRAF6 signaling in leukocytes prevents atherosclerosis by skewing the immune response toward an antiinflammatory profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Lutgens ◽  
Dirk Lievens ◽  
Linda Beckers ◽  
Erwin Wijnands ◽  
Oliver Soehnlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Plaque Phenotype ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The CD40–CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling axis plays an important role in immunological pathways. Consequently, this dyad is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Inhibition of CD40L in apolipoprotein E (Apoe)–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice not only reduced atherosclerosis but also conferred a clinically favorable plaque phenotype that was low in inflammation and high in fibrosis. Blockade of CD40L may not be therapeutically feasible, as long-term inhibition will compromise systemic immune responses. Conceivably, more targeted intervention strategies in CD40 signaling will have less deleterious side effects. We report that deficiency in hematopoietic CD40 reduces atherosclerosis and induces features of plaque stability. To elucidate the role of CD40–tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) signaling in atherosclerosis, we examined disease progression in mice deficient in CD40 and its associated signaling intermediates. Absence of CD40-TRAF6 but not CD40-TRAF2/3/5 signaling abolishes atherosclerosis and confers plaque fibrosis in Apoe−/− mice. Mice with defective CD40-TRAF6 signaling display a reduced blood count of Ly6Chigh monocytes, an impaired recruitment of Ly6C+ monocytes to the arterial wall, and polarization of macrophages toward an antiinflammatory regulatory M2 signature. These data unveil a role for CD40–TRAF6, but not CD40–TRAF2/3/5, interactions in atherosclerosis and establish that targeting specific components of the CD40–CD40L pathway harbors the potential to achieve therapeutic effects in atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Reduction of Retrovirus-Induced Immunosuppression by In Vivo Modulation of T Cells during Acute Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 11641-11647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong He ◽  
Ronald J. Messer ◽  
Shimon Sakaguchi ◽  
Guojun Yang ◽  
Shelly J. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Th1 Immune Responses ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Chronic infection with Friend retrovirus is associated with suppressed antitumor immune responses. In the present study we investigated whether modulation of T-cell responses during acute infection would restore antitumor immunity in persistently infected mice. T-cell modulation was done by treatments with DTA-1 anti- glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. The DTA-1 monoclonal antibody is nondepleting and delivers costimulatory signals that both enhance the activation of effector T cells and inhibit suppression by regulatory T cells. DTA-1 therapy produced faster Th1 immune responses, significant reductions in both acute virus loads and pathology and, most importantly, long-term improvement of CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor responses.

Differential activity of kaempferol and quercetin in attenuating tumor necrosis factor receptor family signaling in bone cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian L. Pang ◽  
Dennis A. Ricupero ◽  
Su Huang ◽  
Nigar Fatma ◽  
Dhirendra P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Receptor Family
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