The cephalic neural crest provides pericytes and smooth muscle cells to all blood vessels of the face and forebrain

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Etchevers ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
N.M. Le Douarin ◽  
G.F. Couly
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mesodermal Origin ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Most connective tissues in the head develop from neural crest cells (NCCs), an embryonic cell population present only in vertebrates. We show that NCC-derived pericytes and smooth muscle cells are distributed in a sharply circumscribed sector of the vasculature of the avian embryo. As NCCs detach from the neural folds that correspond to the future posterior diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, they migrate between the ectoderm and the neuroepithelium into the anterior/ventral head, encountering mesoderm-derived endothelial precursors. Together, these two cell populations build a vascular tree rooted at the departure of the aorta from the heart and ramified into the capillary plexi that irrigate the forebrain meninges, retinal choroids and all facial structures, before returning to the heart. NCCs ensheath each aortic arch-derived vessel, providing every component except the endothelial cells. Within the meninges, capillaries with pericytes of diencephalic and mesencephalic neural fold origin supply the forebrain, while capillaries with pericytes of mesodermal origin supply the rest of the central nervous system, in a mutually exclusive manner. The two types of head vasculature contact at a few defined points, including the anastomotic vessels of the circle of Willis, immediately ventral to the forebrain/midbrain boundary. Over the course of evolution, the vertebrate subphylum may have exploited the exceptionally broad range of developmental potentialities and the plasticity of NCCs in head remodelling that resulted in the growth of the forebrain.

POTENTIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN NEURAL CREST STEM CELLS TO ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS TRANSPLANTED IN RAT PENILE CORPUS CAVERNOSUM

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (4S) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
Yun Seob Song ◽  
Hong Jun Lee ◽  
Won Jae Yang ◽  
Young Ho Park ◽  
In Ho Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells

scholarly journals In VitroSystem for Differentiating Pluripotent Neural Crest Cells into Smooth Muscle Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 273 (11) ◽  
pp. 5993-5996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh K. Jain ◽  
Matthew D. Layne ◽  
Masafumi Watanabe ◽  
Michael T. Chin ◽  
Mark W. Feinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells

scholarly journals Notch2 is required for the proliferation of cardiac neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 237 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajakta Varadkar ◽  
Matthew Kraman ◽  
Daryl Despres ◽  
Ge Ma ◽  
Julie Lozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cardiac Neural Crest

scholarly journals THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND DISPOSITION OF VESICULATED NERVE PROCESSES IN SMOOTH MUSCLE

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Thaemert
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The walls of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder of rats were fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in methacrylate, and sectioned for electron microscopy. The examination of sections of smooth muscle tissue with the electron microscope reveals the presence of bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibers within the intercellular spaces. In addition, vesiculated nerve processes, bounded on their outer surfaces by delicate plasma membranes and typically containing varying quantities of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria, make intimate contact with the surface of smooth muscle cells. These nerve processes are similar in structure and disposition to nerve endings previously described in skeletal muscle, in the central nervous system, in peripheral ganglia, in receptors, and in glands. It is concluded that the relationships existing between vesiculated nerve processes and the surface of smooth muscle cells constitute neuromuscular junctions. Profiles of protrusions of smooth muscle cells are often seen protruding into the intercellular spaces. Here they occur singly or in groups, originating from one or more cells. Because of the plane of section the protrusions may sometimes appear as individual entities between the muscle cells. In such cases care must be exercised in their identification because they have characteristics similar to sectioned nerve processes which also occur in the intercellular spaces.

Memoirs: The Autonomic (Enteric) Nervous System of Amphioxus Lanceolatus

1935 ◽  
Vol s2-77 (308) ◽  
pp. 623-658
Author(s):  
J. BOEKE
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Enteric Plexus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In this, paper is described a nervous plexus on the wall of the liver and the adjoining parts of the intestine of Amphioxus lanceolatus with numerous stellate ganglion cells, which may be compared with the plexus of Auerbach of the higher vertebrates. A layer of smooth muscle-cells is present, with which the processes of the ganglion cells and the nerve-fibres of the plexus are in synaptic connexion. Covering this layer of smooth muscle-cells a thin layer of connective tissue is present, in which is found a more delicate nervous plexus, connected with the first plexus, analogous to the plexus of Meissner. The nature of the synaptic connexions of the ganglion cells with the pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic nerve-fibres of the plexus is discussed. The ganglion cells may be compared with the interstitial elements of the sympathetic plexus of the higher vertebrates. The cross-striated trapezius muscle (Legros) is innervated by the same plexus as the muscular coat of the intestine and not by the somatic nerves. The enteric plexus is connected by means of the visceral nerves and dorsal roots with the central nervous system.

C-type natriuretic peptide inhibits growth factor-dependent DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. C1001-C1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Porter ◽  
R. Catalano ◽  
G. McEnroe ◽  
J. A. Lewicki ◽  
A. A. Protter
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We have examined the ability of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) to interact with guanylate cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors by measuring its ability to stimulate intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation in cultured bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) and bovine aortic smooth muscle (BASM) cells. Our experiments indicate that CNP is unable to stimulate the production of cGMP in BAE cells, whereas both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) markedly elevate cGMP levels in these cells (ANP = BNP >> CNP). In contrast, CNP is the most effective of the three peptides with respect to the stimulation of cGMP levels in BASM cells, fetal human vascular smooth muscle cells, and rat A10 cells (CNP >> ANP > BNP), with the maximal level of stimulation being approximately 5- to 10-fold over that observed for ANP. We have also shown that CNP is able to inhibit serum- and growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in BASM cells. Low concentrations of CNP (20 x 10(-9) M) inhibit up to 80% of the [3H]-thymidine incorporation induced by basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and heparin binding EGF-like growth factor. These data indicate that, although CNP has been detected only in the central nervous system and not in the circulation, it may possess multiple effects on vascular tissue.

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