Ectopic regeneration of whiskers in the hooded rat from implanted lengths of vibrissa follicle wall

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
R. F. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Whisker Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
Regenerative Phenomenon ◽  
Dermal Papillae

Previous studies relating to the effect on whisker growth of removal of various components of the whisker follicle have shown that both after removal of the dermal papilla alone and after removal of as much as the lower third of the follicle, regeneration of new dermal papillae and then the generation of whiskers may occur (Oliver, 1966 a, b). Histological studies of this regenerative phenomenon revealed that the outer root sheath became a solid cord or rod of cells and that dermal cells, derived at least in part from the mesenchymal layer, aggregated over the proximal surface of the rod and eventually became the new dermal papilla. To determine whether the regenerative process was dependent on factors present in the local follicle environment on the upper lip, lengths of isolated follicle wall (‘follicle tubes’) composed of the outer root sheath and the adherent mesenchymal layer were transplanted as autografts to ascertain whether they could regenerate dermal papillae and fibres in another site.

The experimental induction of whisker growth in the hooded rat by implantation of dermal papillae

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
R. F. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Whisker Growth ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Experimental Removal ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Papilla Formation ◽  
Dermal Papillae

Dermal papillae are regenerated and whiskers are produced after the experimental removal of up to the lower third of the vibrissa follicle, but if more of the follicle is removed neither event occurs (Oliver, 1966 a, b). Similarly, when lengths of the lower third of the vibrissa follicle wall are transplanted into ear skin, whiskers are again produced, but not if lengths of wall are taken from within the upper two-thirds of the follicle (Oliver, 1967). From these experiments it was clear that the outer root sheath and the adherent mesenchymal layer, from which the new papillae are apparently derived, are the essential tissues in the regeneration process. The failure of papilla regeneration in the upper two-thirds of the follicle could be explained in several ways. It is possible that the outer root sheath at this level is incapable of supporting whisker growth or of stimulating papilla formation.

Expression and role of E- and P-cadherin adhesion molecules in embryonic histogenesis. II. Skin morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hirai ◽  
A. Nose ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
M. Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Skin Morphogenesis ◽  
Dermal Cells ◽  
E Cadherin

Expression and the role of E- and P-cadherin in the histogenesis of the surface epidermis and hair follicles were examined using the upper lip skin of the mouse. P-cadherin is expressed exclusively in the proliferating region of these tissues, that is in the germinative layer of the surface epidermis, the outer root sheath and the hair matrix. E-cadherin is coexpressed in these layers but this molecule was also detected in non-proliferating regions such as the intermediate layer of the surface epidermis and the immature regions of the inner root sheath. Neither P- nor E-cadherin was detected in fully keratinized layers such as the horny layer of the surface epidermis, the outermost layer of the outer root sheath and the mature hair fibres. These two cadherins were not detected in dermal cells. We cultured pieces of the upper lip skin in vitro in the absence or presence of a monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin (ECCD-1) or to P-cadherin (PCD-1). In control cultures, skin morphogenesis normally occurred in a pattern whereby the hair follicles grew and dermal cells were condensed to form the dermal sheath. A mixture of ECCD-1 and PCD-1, however, induced abnormal morphogenesis in the skin in several respects. (1) The cuboidal or columnar arrangement of basal epithelial cells was distorted. (2) Hair follicles were deformed. (3) Condensation of dermal cells was suppressed, causing a homogeneous distribution of these cells. These results suggest that cadherins present in epidermal cells are involved not only in maintaining the arrangement of these cells but also in inducing dermal condensation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Rab27a and Rab27b Has Opposite Effects on the Regulation of Hair Cycle and Hair Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5672
Author(s):  
Kyung-Eun Ku ◽  
Nahyun Choi ◽  
Jong-Hyuk Sung
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Culture Models

Rab27a/b are known to play an important role in the transport of melanosomes, with their knockout causing silvery gray hair. However, the relationship between Rab27a/b and hair growth is not well known. To evaluate the role of Rab27a/b in hair cycle, we investigated the expression of Rab27a/b during hair cycling and human outer root sheath (hORS) cells. The expression of Rab27a in ORS cells was mainly detected at the anagen, whereas expression of Rab27b in ORS, and epidermal cells was strongly expressed at the telogen. Additionally, Rab27a/b were expressed in the Golgi of hORS cells. To evaluate the role of Rab27a/b in hair growth, telogen-to-anagen transition animal and vibrissae hair follicles (HFs) organ culture models were assayed using Rab27a/b siRNAs. The knockdown of Rab27a or Rab27b suppressed or promoted hair growth, respectively. These results were also confirmed in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and hORS cells, showing the opposite mitogenic effects. Moreover, Rab27b knockdown increased the expression levels of various growth factors in the hDPCs and hORS cells. Overall, the opposite temporal expression patterns during hair cycling and roles for hair growth of Rab27a/b suggested that Rab27a/b might regulate the hair cycle. Therefore, our study may provide a novel solution for the development of hair loss treatment by regulating Rab27a/b levels.

The interaction between human dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath cells in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
T. Fujie ◽  
N Uchida ◽  
T Shikiji ◽  
Y Urano ◽  
S Arase
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Outer Root Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

scholarly journals CCN2 modulates hair follicle cycling in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 3939-3944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangxi Liu ◽  
Andrew Leask
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papillae

It is critical to understand how stem cell activity is regulated during regeneration. Hair follicles constitute an important model for organ regeneration because, throughout adult life, they undergo cyclical regeneration. Hair follicle stem cells—epithelial cells located in the follicle bulge—are activated by periodic β-catenin activity, which is regulated not only by epithelial-derived Wnt, but also, through as-yet-undefined mechanisms, the surrounding dermal microenvironment. The matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) is secreted into the microenvironment and acts as a multifunctional signaling modifier. In adult skin, CCN2 is largely absent but is unexpectedly restricted to the dermal papillae and outer root sheath. Deletion of CCN2 in dermal papillae and the outer root sheath results in a shortened telogen-phase length and elevated number of hair follicles. Recombinant CCN2 causes decreased β-catenin stability in keratinocytes. In vivo, loss of CCN2 results in elevated numbers of K15-positive epidermal stem cells that possess elevated β-catenin levels and β-catenin–dependent reporter gene expression. These results indicate that CCN2 expression by dermal papillae cells is a physiologically relevant suppressor of hair follicle formation by destabilization of β-catenin and suggest that CCN2 normally acts to maintain stem cell quiescence.

The chemotactic effect of a dermal papilla cell-derived factor on outer root sheath cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Fujie ◽  
Shoji Katoh ◽  
Hajimu Oura ◽  
Yoshio Urano ◽  
Seiji Arase
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cell ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Outer Root Sheath Cells ◽  
Chemotactic Effect ◽  
Sheath Cells

scholarly journals Migration of Melanoblasts into the Developing Murine Hair Follicle Is Accompanied by Transient c-Kit Expression

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. J. Peters ◽  
Desmond J. Tobin ◽  
Natasha Botchkareva ◽  
Marcus Maurer ◽  
Ralf Paus
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Hair Bulb ◽  
Root Sheath

Disruption of the c-Kit/stem cell factor (SCF) signaling pathway interferes with the survival, migration, and differentiation of melanocytes during generation of the hair follicle pigmentary unit. We examined c-Kit, SCF, and S100 (a marker for precursor melanocytic cells) expression, as well as melanoblast/melanocyte ultrastructure, in perinatal C57BL/6 mouse skin. Before the onset of hair bulb melanogenesis (i.e., stages 0–4 of hair follicle morphogenesis), strong c-Kit immunoreactivity (IR) was seen in selected non-mela-nogenic cells in the developing hair placode and hair plug. Many of these cells were S100-IR and were ultrastructurally identified as melanoblasts with migratory appearance. During the subsequent stages (5 and 6), increasingly dendritic c-Kit-IR cells successively invaded the hair bulb, while S100-IR gradually disappeared from these cells. Towards the completion of hair follicle morphogenesis (stages 7 and 8), several distinct follicular melanocytic cell populations could be defined and consisted broadly of (a) undifferentiated, non-pigmented c-Kit-negative melanoblasts in the outer root sheath and bulge and (b) highly differentiated melanocytes adjacent to the hair follicle dermal papilla above Auber's line. Widespread epithelial SCF-IR was seen throughout hair follicle morphogenesis. These findings suggest that melanoblasts express c-Kit as a prerequisite for migration into the SCF-supplying hair follicle epithelium. In addition, differentiated c-Kit-IR melanocytes target the bulb, while non-c-Kit-IR melanoblasts invade the outer root sheath and bulge in fully developed hair follicles.

scholarly journals Regulation of prolactin receptor expression in ovine skin in relation to circulating prolactin and wool follicle growth status

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Nixon ◽  
CA Ford ◽  
JE Wildermoth ◽  
AJ Craven ◽  
MG Ashby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection Assay ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Wool Follicle

Seasonal patterns of hair growth are governed, at least in part, by levels of prolactin in circulation, and although receptors for prolactin (PRLR) have been demonstrated in hair follicles, little is known of their regulation in relation to follicular cycles. In this study, a photoperiod-generated increase in prolactin was used to induce a wool follicle cycle during which changes in PRLR expression in sheep skin were determined by ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridisation. mRNA for prolactin and both isoforms of PRLR were also detected in skin by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. As circulating prolactin began to rise from low levels, PRLR mRNA in the skin initially fell. These changes immediately preceded the catagen (regressive) phase of the hair cycle. Further increase in prolactin resulted in up-regulation of PRLR during telogen (dormancy), particularly in the epithelial hair germ, to reach a peak during proanagen (reactivation). In anagen (when follicle growth was fully re-established), PRLR mRNA returned to levels similar to those observed before the induced cycle. Hence, this longer term rise and fall of PRLR expression followed that of plasma prolactin concentration with a lag of 12-14 days. PRLR mRNA was most abundant in the dermal papilla, outer root sheath, hair germ, skin glands and epidermis. Location of PRLR in the dermal papilla and outer root sheath indicates action of prolactin on the growth-controlling centres within wool follicles. These cycle-related patterns of PRLR expression suggest dynamic regulation of PRLR by prolactin, thereby modulating hormonal responsiveness of seasonally growing hair follicles.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN SKIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Montagna
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Secretory Coil

1. Various amounts of ß-glucuronidase activity may be found in all of the cutaneous appendages. 2. In the epidermis, the basal layer and the Malpighian layer contain a moderate amount of it, but a band of cells, including the stratum granulosum and the cells immediately above it, is rich in ß-glucuronidase. 3. The cells of the duct of eccrine sweat glands have moderately strong enzyme activity, but those in the secretory coil are strongly reactive; small and large reactive granules are crowded in the reactive cytoplasm. 4. The cells of the secretory coil of the apocrine glands contain more ß-glucuronidase than any other cutaneous appendage. 5. In the sebaceous glands, a very strong concentration of enzyme activity is found in the undifferentiated peripheral cells, a smaller amount of it is found in the differentiating cells. 6. In active hair follicles, the largest amount of ß-glucuronidase is found in the outer root sheath and in the bulb. In the outer sheath, the strongest concentration is found around the level of the keratogenous zone of the cortex. The dermal papilla is strongly reactive. In quiescent hair follicles, the outer root sheath has a moderate amount of enzyme concentration, but the dermal papilla is unreactive. 7. In the dermis, the fibroblasts in the papillary layer, the smooth muscle cells of the arrectores pilorum and the tunica media of arteries, and the fat cells all exhibit enzyme activity. Mast cells show a great concentration of ß-glucuronidase.

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