scholarly journals Asynchrony of ovule primordia initiation in Arabidopsis

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (24) ◽  
pp. dev196618
Author(s):  
Shi-Xia Yu ◽  
Lv-Wen Zhou ◽  
Li-Qin Hu ◽  
Yu-Tong Jiang ◽  
Yan-Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marker Genes ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Polar Distribution ◽  
Hormone Signals

ABSTRACTPlant ovule initiation determines the maximum of ovule number and has a great impact on the seed number per fruit. The detailed processes of ovule initiation have not been accurately described, although two connected processes, gynoecium and ovule development, have been investigated. Here, we report that ovules initiate asynchronously. The first group of ovule primordia grows out, the placenta elongates, the boundaries of existing ovules enlarge and a new group of primordia initiates from the boundaries. The expression pattern of different marker genes during ovule development illustrates that this asynchronicity continues throughout whole ovule development. PIN-FORMED1 polar distribution and auxin response maxima correlate with ovule primordia asynchronous initiation. We have established computational modeling to show how auxin dynamics influence ovule primordia initiation. Brassinosteroid signaling positively regulates ovule number by promoting placentae size and ovule primordia initiation through strengthening auxin response. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates numerous known regulators of ovule development and hormone signaling, and many new genes are identified that are involved in ovule development. Taken together, our results illustrate that the ovule primordia initiate asynchronously and the hormone signals are involved in the asynchrony.

Ovule number, seed number and seed size in Mexican and North American species of Podostemaceae

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Thomas Philbrick ◽  
R. Alejandro Novelo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Ovule Number

Brassinosteroid Signaling: A Paradigm for Steroid Hormone Signaling from the Cell Surface

Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 314 (5804) ◽  
pp. 1410-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Belkhadir ◽  
J. Chory
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Steroid Hormone Signaling

scholarly journals Role of Actin Cytoskeleton in Brassinosteroid Signaling and in Its Integration with the Auxin Response in Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Lanza ◽  
Berenice Garcia-Ponce ◽  
Gabriel Castrillo ◽  
Pablo Catarecha ◽  
Michael Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling

Ovule Development and Determination of Seed Number Per Pod in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napusL.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. BOUTTIER ◽  
D. G. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Seed Number

scholarly journals Boron concentration gradient in the endosperm and embryo during ovule development in Clivia miniata

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Witold Reczyński ◽  
Marian Ryczkowski ◽  
Urszula Czaja
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Clivia Miniata ◽  
Polar Distribution

Research on boron concentration gradient in the endosperm and embryo of <em>Clivia miniata</em> Regel ovules is a continuation of investigations on polar distribution of several compounds in the developing ovule. The polar distribution of chemical compounds in the ovule might constitute one of the factors determining embryogenesis. It was found that: a) there occured a chalaza-micropyle gradient of boron concentration in the endosperm during the exponential phase of embryo growth (age of ovules - 50 to 120 days); boron concentration in the endosperm increased from 12.13 to 23.71 µg g<sup>-1</sup> fr.wt. (micropylar part) and from 13.58 to 28.42 µg g<sup>-1</sup> fr.wt. (chalazal part); the embryo elongated towards the chalazal part of the ovule, i.e. towards higher boron concentration in the endosperm; b) in the embryo a reversed gradient of boron was detected: a higher concentration in the micropylar part (decrease from 127.29 to 61.78 µg g<sup>-1</sup> fr.wt.; ovules 86-123 days old), a lower one in the chalazal part (decrease from 99.47 to 53.16 µg g<sup>-1</sup> fr.wt.; the exponential phase of embryo growth).

scholarly journals Genetic engineering: An additional tool for plant improvement

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohan Jain ◽  
Christian Oker-Blom ◽  
Eija Pehu ◽  
R. J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
New Genes

Advances in gene transfer technologies have enabled the production of both monocot and dicot transgenic plants. With the biolistic method, genes can be transferred in recalcitrant crop plants and forest trees, independent of their genotype. Inexpensive methods for both stable and transient gene transfers - ultrasonication, direct DNA insertion during imbibition using somatic embryos, and silicon carbide fibres - have been developed. The frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation rates of cloned genes can be enhanced in plant cells. The analysis of molecular markers (RFLPs, RAPDs, DNA fingerprints) can accomplish the characterization, gene mapping and identification and certification and patent protection of cultivars. With PCR, selective amplification of a specific DNA segment from a small amount of an organism’s total DNA can be used toidentify transgenic cultivars. The expression of a target gene can be inhibited with antisense RNA. So far, a limited number of genes have been identified and cloned with genetic engineering. With specific gene transfers, many goals such as biological control of insect pests and fungi, male sterility, virus resistance, improving seed protein, and production of transgenic plants as “bioreactors” can be accomplished. T-DNA mutagenesis may lead to learning more about the genetic control of plant development and morphogenesis, and isolation of useful mutants. Before genetic engineering becomes a reliable tool of plant breeding, more attention is needed to explore: (a) new plant genetic resources in order toidentify and clone new genes, (b) fate of selective and scorable marker genes, and (c) field evaluation of transgenes in transgenic plants.

Pollen load, capsule weight, and seed production in three orchid species

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Proctor ◽  
L. D. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus ◽  
The Relationship

Relationships between pollen load, seed production, and capsule weight in orchids are important both theoretically and pragmatically. It has been hypothesized that pollen packets (pollinia) evolved in orchids because of selection to produce packages capable of fertilizing all ovules in an ovary; testing this hypothesis requires information about the relationship between pollen load and seed production. As well, because capsules contain thousands to millions of seeds, an easily measured correlate of seed number, such as capsule weight, would be valuable for studies of reproductive success. We hand-pollinated Cypripedium calceolus, Amerorchis rotundifolia, and Calypso bulbosa with different pollen loads, weighed capsules, and estimated seed number by subsampling from liquid suspension. Pollen load affected seed number in Calypso but had no significant effect in Cypripedium or Amerorchis. Capsule weight was positively associated with seed number in all species, but there was considerable variation in R2 across species (from 0.40 to 0.85), indicating that it is unwise to assume that capsule weight is a good measure of relative reproductive success. As well, our data suggest that size of the typical unit of pollen deposition rather than that of the entire pollinarium evolved to match ovule number in orchids. Key words: Orchidaceae, pollen load, capsule weight, seed set.

Spatial variation in seed production among and within sites and within individuals of Thalictrum thalictroides (Ranunculaceae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Lubbers
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
One Year ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Spatial variation in seed and ovule numbers and percent seed set is described for three populations of the perennial herb Thalictrum thalictroides. Total ovule number of an individual was positively correlated with its seed number, but correlations between ovule number and percent seed set were negative or nonsignificant. Ovule and seed numbers, and to some extent percent seed set, varied among flower positions and inflorescences within plants. Within sites, log-normal distributions of total seed number indicate that a few individuals contributed a large number of seeds relative to the rest of the population. At two sites high values of percent seed set suggest that factors that determine ovule number can be at least as critical to variation in seed number as other factors acting later on. Quadrat reproductive means were not correlated from one year to the next, implying that the relative favorability of certain quadrats is not consistent among years. Sites varied in their reproductive means as well as in their frequency distribution of percent seed set, indicating that the importance of initial ovule number to final seed number per plant not only varies among species as is commonly observed but within as well.

scholarly journals Initiation and regulation of vascular tissue identity in theArabidopsisembryo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot E. Smit ◽  
Cristina I. Llavata-Peris ◽  
Mark Roosjen ◽  
Henriette van Beijnum ◽  
Daria Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Bzip Transcription Factor ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Precursor State ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Candidate Regulator

AbstractDevelopment of plant vascular tissues involves tissue specification, growth, pattern formation and cell type differentiation. While later steps are understood in some detail, it is still largely unknown how the tissue is initially specified. We have used the early Arabidopsis embryo as a simple model to study this process. Using a large collection of marker genes, we find that vascular identity is established in the 16-cell embryo. After a transient precursor state however, there is no persistent uniform tissue identity. Auxin is intimately connected to vascular tissue development. We find that while AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5/MONOPTEROS/ (ARF5/MP)-dependent auxin response is required, it is not sufficient for tissue establishment. We therefore used a large-scale enhanced Yeast One Hybrid assay to identify potential regulators of vascular identity. Network and functional analysis of suggest that vascular identity is under robust, complex control. We found that one candidate regulator, the G-class bZIP transcription factor GBF2, modulates vascular gene expression, along with its homolog GBF1. Furthermore, GBFs bind to MP and modulate its activity. Our work uncovers components of a gene regulatory network that controls the initiation of vascular tissue identity, one of which involves the interaction of MP and GBF2 proteins.

scholarly journals Comparative gene expression profile analysis of ovules provides insights into Jatropha curcas L. ovule development

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Xu ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Shi-kang Lei ◽  
Xue-guang Sun ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Expression Profile Analysis

Abstract Jatropha curcas, an economically important biofuel feedstock with oil-rich seeds, has attracted considerable attention among researchers in recent years. Nevertheless, valuable information on the yield component of this plant, particularly regarding ovule development, remains scarce. In this study, transcriptome profiles of anther and ovule development were established to investigate the ovule development mechanism of J. curcas. In total, 64,325 unigenes with annotation were obtained, and 1723 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between different stages. The DEG analysis showed the participation of five transcription factor families (bHLH, WRKY, MYB, NAC and ERF), five hormone signaling pathways (auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin, brassinosteroids (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA)), five MADS-box genes (AGAMOUS-2, AGAMOUS-1, AGL1, AGL11, and AGL14), SUP and SLK3 in ovule development. The role of GA and JA in ovule development was evident with increases in flower buds during ovule development: GA was increased approximately twofold, and JA was increased approximately sevenfold. In addition, the expression pattern analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that CRABS CLAW and AGAMOUS-2 were also involved in ovule development. The upregulation of BR signaling genes during ovule development might have been regulated by other phytohormone signaling pathways through crosstalk. This study provides a valuable framework for investigating the regulatory networks of ovule development in J. curcas.

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