The teratogenic effects of sugars on the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-674
Author(s):  
A. F. Hughes ◽  
R. B. Freeman ◽  
T. Fadem
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Insoluble Form ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

The effect of treatment of chick embryos during the first day of incubation with a number of sugars is described. To some embryos solid sugars were applied in opened eggs; forothers the substances were injected in solution. By both methods, all sugars tested were found to be teratogenic, but no apparent general differences between mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were found. Nor were there any correlations between those which can be metabolised at these stages and their teratogenicity. The range of defects produced is similar to those found when embryos of this age are treated with other substances. In embryos treated with [14C] sucrose, some of the label is retained within the tissues in a bound, insoluble form. Possible implications of this finding are suggested.

scholarly journals Ex Ovo Model for Directly Visualizing Chick Embryo Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Dorrell ◽  
Michael Marcacci ◽  
Stephen Bravo ◽  
Troy Kurz ◽  
Jacob Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Junior High Students ◽  
Chick Development

We describe a technique for removing and growing chick embryos in culture that utilizes relatively inexpensive materials and requires little space. It can be readily performed in class by university, high school, or junior high students, and teachers of any grade level should be able to set it up for their students. Students will be able to directly observe the chick’s development from 3 days post-fertilization to the point at which it would normally hatch. Observing embryonic development first hand, including the chick embryos’ natural movements, gives students a full appreciation for the complexity and wonder of development. Students can make detailed observations and drawings, and gain understanding of important principles in developmental biology. Finally, we suggest various ways in which this project can be adapted to allow students in advanced classes to design and implement their own projects for investigating teratogenic effects on development using the ex ovo model of chick development.

The effect of 3-acetylpyridine on the explanted chick embryo

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
B. J. Buckingham ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Structural Analogue ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Physiological Abnormalities ◽  
Explanted Chick Embryo

A structural analogue of nicotinic acid, 3-acetylpyridine, has been shown to produce morphological and physiological abnormalities in a variety of organisms. The effect of 3-acetylpyridine (AP) on chick embryos has been studied by several investigators using the technique of yolk-sac injection (Ackermann & Taylor, 1948; Zwilling & DeBell, 1950; Landauer, 1957; Herrmann, Clark & Landauer, 1963). Following AP treatment at 96 h of incubation, a reduction in body size, underdevelopment of leg musculature and edema were noted. Teratogenic effects of AP when administered after 24 h of incubation were much more diffuse and included instances of cerebral hernia and muscular hypoplasia (Landauer, 1957). Simultaneous injection of nicotinamide (Ackermann & Taylor, 1948; Landauer, 1957) decreased the incidence and severity of these conditions. Landauer (1957) noted the similarity of abnormalities found in AP-treated chick embryos to those of the crooked-neck dwarf mutant described by Asmundson (1945).

Teratogenic Effects of Herpes Simplex, Vaccinia, Influenza - A (NWS), and Distemper Virus Infections on Early Chick Embryos.

1956 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Heath ◽  
H. H. Shear ◽  
D. T. Imagawa ◽  
M. H. Jones ◽  
J. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Teratogenic Effects

Early changes in limb buds of chick embryos after thalidomide treatment

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
A. Jurand
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Thalidomide Treatment

Since the first observations of hypoplastic and aplastic thalidomide deformities in infants (McBride, 1961; Lenz, 1962), the literature on this subject has grown to many hundreds of communications. Experimental investigations in almost all cases have been undertaken to show whether thalidomide and its metabolites have any teratogenic effects in experimental animals. Numerous review papers are available on this subject, e.g. Giroud, Tuchmann-Duplessis & Mercier-Parot (1962), Somers (1963), and Salzgeber & Wolff (1964). Chick embryos did not seem for some time to be suitable for experimental production of typical thalidomide deformities. However, Kemper (1962a, b), Yang, Yang & Liang (1962). Boylen, Home & Johnson (1963) and Leone (1963) have shown that thalidomide can produce a whole range of ectromelian deformities provided that it is introduced into the egg at a particular period of embryonic development.

Teratogenic effects of benzo[a]pyrene in developing chick embryo

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J ANWER ◽  
N MEHROTRA
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Teratogenic Effects

scholarly journals Effect of cortisol acetate on collagen biosynthesis and on the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase in chick-embryo tendon cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oikarinen
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Lysyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Tendon Cells

Collagen synthesis and the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase were studied in isolated chick-embryo tendon cells after the administration of cortisol acetate to the chick embryos. When the steroid was injected 1 day before isolation of the tendon cells, collagen synthesis was decreased, even though the enzyme activities were not changed. When cortisol acetate was given as repeated injections over a period of 4 days, both collagen synthesis and the enzyme activities decreased. The hydroxylase activities decreased even more than the two collagen glycosyltransferase activities, both in isolated cells and in whole chick embryos. The amount of prolyl hydroxylase protein diminished to the same extent as the enzyme activity, indicating that cortisol acetate inhibits enzyme synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cortisol acetate on collagen synthesis and on the enzyme activities was partially reversible in 3 days. Total protein synthesis was completely restored within this time. Only massive doses of cortisol acetate inhibited collagen synthesis in vitro. Additional experiments indicated that cortisol acetate did not decrease the rate of the enzyme reactions when added directly to the enzyme incubation mixtures. The results suggest that cortisol acetate decreases collagen synthesis both by its direct effect on collagen polypeptide-chain synthesis and by decreasing the activities of enzymes involved in post-translational modifications.

Protein Accumulation in Early Chick Embryos Grown under Different Conditions of Explantation

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
L. Gwen Britt ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
Explanted Chick Embryo

The recent development of techniques originally devised by Waddington (1932) for the maintenance of the explanted chick embryo (Spratt, 1947; New, 1955; Wolff & Simon, 1955) has opened the possibility of determining quantitatively some parameters of the developmental processes occurring in embryonic tissues under these conditions. As a result of such measurements, protein accumulation in explanted embryos was found to be much smaller than in embryos developing in the egg. On the other hand, the progress of somite formation was found to take place at similar rates in embryos developing as explants or in situ (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The slow rate of protein accumulation in the explanted embryos made it seem desirable to investigate whether under some other conditions of explantation protein accumulation would approach more closely the rate of protein formation observed in the naturally developing embryo.

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