Etude par immunofluorescence de l'apparition d'antigènes neuro-spécifiques d'adulte chez l'embryon de Poulet

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N. Touzet ◽  
R. Jeanmaire-Zylberberg ◽  
M. Chaminade
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Immunofluorescent Study ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Fluorescent Cells ◽  
Marked Fluorescence

Immunofluorescent study of the distribution of adult neuro-specific antigens in the chick embryo The adult neuro-specific antigens have been localized by immunofluorescence techniques in diencephalon and mesencephalon of chick embryo. This study has been made using fresh or fixed tissues from embryos 72, 48 or 36 h old. At 72 h of incubation the wall of diencephalon shows marked fluorescence; at 48 h of incubation the fluorescent cells are localized in an outer layer and an inner one. In the 48 h-old embryo the reaction is more distinct and intensive in fresh tissues than in fixed tissues. At 36 h of incubation no fluorescence has been detected either in fresh tissues or in fixed tissues.

Differentiation of kidney antigens in the human foetus

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-537
Author(s):  
Ewert Linder
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mouse Kidney ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Number Of Authors

The appearance of new antigens in the embryo during differentiation has been investigated by a number of authors. Among the proteins studied were myosin (Holtzer, 1961; Ebert, 1962), Jens crystallin (Ten Cate & Van Doorenmaalen, 1950), chick embryo haemoglobin (Wilt, 1962), and keratin during feather formation in chick embryo (Ben-Or & Bell, 1965). The development of liver proteins in the chick embryo was studied by D'Amelio, Mutolo & Piazza (1963). Okada & Sato (1963) and Okada (1965) studied the appearance of a ‘kidney-specific’ antigen in the developing mesonephros. Lahti & Saxen (1966) demonstrated the appearance of mouse kidney-specific tubule antigens during development both in vivo and in vitro. ‘Kidney-specific’ antigens are found in the metanephric proximal secreting tubules of various mammals (Hill & Cruickshank, 1953; Weiler, 1956; Groupe & Kaplan, 1967; Nairn, Ghose & Maxwell, 1967), including man (Nairn, Ghose, Fothergill & McEntegart, 1962), and in the mesonephric tubules of birds.

Transient embryonic antigens in the chick

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
D. J. McCallion ◽  
J. C. Trott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Chicken Brain ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Antigens ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Brain

The Presence of an organ antigen in the early chick embryo was first demonstrated by Schechtman (1948). He found that an antigenic substance common to brain, heart, liver and muscle of chicks at hatching is already present in primitive streak and early neurula stages of the embryo. This observation, with respect to brain and heart, was subsequently confirmed by Ebert (1950). McCallion & Langman (1964) have recently demonstrated that there are at least eight antigenic substances in the adult chicken brain that are class-specific but that are more or less common to other organs, with only quantitative differences. These authors have further demonstrated that there are at least three, possibly as many as five, antigenic substances in adult chicken brain that are not only class-specific but also tissue-specific, occurring only in the brain, spinal cord, nervous retina and nerves. The non-specific antigens appear progressively during the first 4 days of incubation.

The First Appearance of Specific Antigens during the Induction of the Lens1

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Jan Langman
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Retinal Surface ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Lens Placode ◽  
Placode Formation

The formation of the lens in the chick embryo is known to depend upon ‘inductive’ influences from the eye-cup (Alexander, 1937; Van Deth, 1940; Waddington & Cohen, 1936). A period of direct contact between eye-cup and presumptive lens ectoderm from the 9- to the 20-somite stage is essential for the induction (Weiss, 1947; McKeehan, 1951; Langman, 1956). At the beginning of this period (9–12-somite stage), the cytoplasm of the presumptive lens ectoderm cells is vacuolated and the nuclei have a random distribution, as in the ectodermal epithelium of the head region. During subsequent development (13–16-somite stage) the intracellular vacuoles disappear from the presumptive lens ectoderm and the nuclei become gradually displaced toward the base of the cells in contact with the retinal surface (McKeehan, 1951). At the 16–19-somite stage the cells become more and more columnar (so-called palisading phenomenon) and the nuclei elongated perpendicularly to the basement membrane (lens placode formation).

The Effects of Chorioallantoic Grafts on the developing Chick Embryo

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-486
Author(s):  
Pierson J. Van Alten
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Kidney Liver

There is abundant evidence that the eggs and developing embryos of the chick possess antigenically active materials; that during development changes occur in the antigenic pattern; and that many of these antigens are similar to certain adult antigens. An extensive review and summary of the early literature on the origin of adult antigens in the developing embryo has been made by Needham (1931), Cooper (1946), and Schechtman (1947). Consistent results have been obtained only in recent years by the use of more refined techniques and have been reviewed by Woerdeman (1953), Tyler (1955, 1957), Brachet (1957), and Ebert (1958). Burke, Sullivan, Petersen, & Weed (1944) prepared antisera against saline extracts of adult organs (brain, testis, ovary, kidney, liver, and lens) of the chicken. They observed that adult organ-specific antigens in the chick embryo appeared subsequent to differentiation and development of the organ, e.g. lens at 146 hours, erythrocytes at 100 hours, kidney at 220 hours, and brain, testis, and ovary at 260 hours.

Differentiation in vitro of sympathetic cells from chick embryo sensory ganglia

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
D. F. Newgreen ◽  
R. O. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Sensory Ganglia ◽  
Sensory Ganglion ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
Fluorescent Cells

This study was carried out in order to determine what factors control the differentiation of certain neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Emphasis was placed on the morphologically and biochemically divergent sensory and sympathetic pathways of differentiation. Embryos were precisely staged according to Hamburger & Hamilton (1951) and it was observed that sensory ganglia with somites, explanted at stages 21–24, gave rise to cells showing formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in more than 25% of explants. These cells were identical in properties to the fluorescent cells of the sympathetic system of embryos of similar age, and appeared by 12 days in vitro. These fluorescent cells did not appear when somites and sensory ganglia explants were maintained separately. The incidence of fluorescent cells in combined explants was considerably reduced or absent when cultures were maintained for 7 days or less, or when the explants were obtainedfrom stage 25–26 embryos. Furthermore, when neural tube was also included in the cultures, the appearance of fluorescent cells was markedly inhibited. The requirement for somitic tissue to induce fluorescent cells in combined explants can be replaced by forelimb-bud tissue. The origin of these cells and the factors that control their differentiation in vitro are discussed with reference to the neural crest origin of the sensory ganglion, and the possible conditions pertaining in vivo in this region.

CHANGES IN ANTIGENICITY OF THE BRAIN OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McCallion ◽  
J. C. Trott
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Antigens ◽  
Antigen Present ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Embryo Brain

Antiserum against 9-day chick embryo brain was obtained in rabbits. After absorption on chicken serum this antiserum was used in immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the brain of the developing chick. Several embryonic antigens common to all tissues that disappear at hatching were detected. Three adult neural-specific antigens were revealed. At least one neural-specific antigen, present in embryonic brain, disappears before hatching.

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

Morphological Examination of a Herpes-type Virus Indigenous for Tree Shrews

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. P. Brunschwig ◽  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
R. Mirkovic ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Embryo Cells

A new virus, established as a member of the herpesvirus group by electron microscopy, was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures derived from the kidneys and lungs of two normal tree shrews. The virus was found to replicate best in cells derived from the homologous species. The cells used were a tree shrew cell line, T-23, which was derived from a spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The virus did not multiply or did so poorly for a limited number of passages in human, monkey, rodent, rabbit or chick embryo cells. In the T-23 cells, the virus behaved as members of the subgroup B of herpesvirus, in that the virus remained primarily cell associated.

Lectin Binding to Human Breast Tumor Cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Robert E. Nordquist ◽  
J. Hill Anglin ◽  
Michael P. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ricin Agglutinin

A human breast carcinoma cell line (BOT-2) was derived from an infiltrating duct carcinoma (1). These cells were shown to have antigens that selectively bound antibodies from breast cancer patient sera (2). Furthermore, these tumor specific antigens could be removed from the living cells by low frequency sonication and have been partially characterized (3). These proteins have been shown to be around 100,000 MW and contain approximately 6% hexose and hexosamines. However, only the hexosamines appear to be available for lectin binding. This study was designed to use Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus Communis (Ricin) agglutinin for the topagraphical localization of D-mannopyranosyl or glucopyranosyl and D-galactopyranosyl or DN- acetyl glactopyranosyl configurations on BOT-2 cell surfaces.

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