Protective Decision-Making in Bushfire Part 2: A Rapid Systematic Review of the ‘Leave Early’ Literature

In Australia, residents can choose to remain to defend their property against bushfire but, since the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, considerable emphasis is placed on leaving early, well in advance of a bushfire. However, many householders delay their protective decision. The insights offered by the literature into how and why some people leave early before their personal safety is threatened can inform bushfire safety policy and practice. This systematic review reports the findings of 90 papers selected from 216 identified through a search of papers in Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar published between 1995 and May 2021 in English. This review establishes the reasons people leave early; the influence of official and unofficial warnings; gender and other demographics; the influence of self-evacuation archetypes; planning and preparation; the influence of children and other dependents and pets; triggers initiating leaving; factors impeding and facilitating leaving; and policy issues around early leaving. This review also details 12 seminal studies that capture much of the evidence on the decision to leave early.

Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. 13 292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% (95% CI 35.2% to 51.3%), n=15 975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% (95% CI 27.9% to 53.5%), n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% (95% CI 31.6% to 44.4%), n=21 101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% (95% CI 29.8% to 45.3%), n=13 686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% (95% CI 19.8% to 31.3%), n=66 268, 76 studies), depression (23.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 40.2%), n=43 128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% (95% CI 16.1% to 26.1%), n=64 613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% (5.6% to 37.7%), n=42 566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% (95% CI 4.4% to 14.8%), n=49 326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic’s early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

Playing in Clinical Supervision: Encouraging Emotional Honesty, Flexibility, and Resilience

Concepts from the early literature on play therapy with childrenare related to recent innovative contributions to the training of psychotherapists in supervision. A review of some of the research evidence supporting the use of role play and storytelling in supervisionis presented. Then a particular method called Mimesis is highlighted that uses stories with universal mythological themes that are relevant to the development of psychotherapists. It is hypothesized that storytelling coupled with spontaneous role-play bring both supervisor and supervisee into a liminal space that can foster empathy and the attainment of psychotherapy skills.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and nursing challenges: A review of the early literature

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has put health systems under unprecedented pressure, challenging their workforce, especially nurses. OBJECTIVE: The current paper presented a review of the early literature concerning emerging nursing challenges during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A systematic search of the published literature between January and May 2020 was carried out in Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies. RESULTS: Twenty-two original articles were retrieved, the majority of which were survey studies from China. Synthesis of the evidence resulted in four overarching themes including “being physically and mentally drained in the face of fear and uncertainty,” “shortage of personal protective equipment and usability issues,” “psychosomatic disturbances among nurses,” and “moderators to mitigate nurses’ challenges.” CONCLUSIONS: Providing care for demanding COVID-19 patients, nurses experienced a gruelling situation, during which a significant amount of psychological and physical distress was inflicted to them. However, receiving proper support from their organization and society could improve the condition substantially. Further research is required to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses, especially from Western countries.

EXPANDING PLURALISM IN THE AGE OF COVID

"Multiculturalism and growing diversity found within client populations encourages therapists to become pluralists in their work. Pluralism is the position, identified by Kenneth Pargament, that therapists take when the cultural story of both the client and therapist are acknowledged to be present in the session. These cultural stories provide the foundation for creative meaning making in the therapeutic process. The COVID pandemic has set a new bar for therapists in for extending themselves beyond what was once comfortable to being increasingly creative and diversified in meeting their clients’ needs. This has involved ways to navigate online or telephone sessions, which subsequently provided therapists with opportunities for interacting with clients outside their typical client base. Or in other words, the need for a broader and more diversified understanding of client needs and ways to promote healing and client resiliency. This workshop will review the foundational elements of pluralism and the building blocks of resiliency (self, mentor, and community of care) with reference to some of the early literature of the effects of the COVID pandemic on therapists and the therapeutic process. Participants will have an opportunity to identify their position on pluralism and the need for diversity in therapy and the effects of the COVID pandemic on their practice."

The neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

Objectives There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. Results 13,292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% [35.2-51.3], n=15,975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% [27.9-53.5], n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% [31.6-44.4], n=21,101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% [30.0-45.3], n=13,686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% [19.8-31.3], n=66.268, 76 studies), depression (23.0 % [11.8-40.2], n=43,128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% [95% CI 16.1-26.1], n=64,613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% [5.6-37.7], n=42,566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% [4.4-14.8], n=49,326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Conclusions Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic's early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

Analytical Interpretation of the Early Literature on the Theory of Vibrations

A discussion is given of early literature pertaining to the theory of vibration from the time of Pythagoras up through 1750. The paper attempts to give an analytical interpretation to early anecdotal works concerning Pythagoras and to publications of Galileo, Huygens, Hooke, Taylor, John Bernoulli, Leibniz and Euler. To bridge the “culture gap,” mathematical developments by the latter cited authors are, whenever appropriate, rephrased in modern notation, using, for the most part, only those techniques that should have been well known to the authors at the time. The emphasis is on what might be loosely called the physics (or the mathematical physics) of vibration.

Exploring Social Justice Issues Through Diverse Youth Literature

Early youth literature focused almost wholly on didacticism, a sort of social justice of puritanical nature, moralizing youth on the straight and narrow. Today's “straight and narrow,” however, is not as clear cut, and social justice exploration through diverse youth literature is a necessary journey for modern youth. This journey steers students into knowledge about multiple cultures, races, gender roles. The author explores the history and inception of early literature for youth in this chapter, then explores ways in which modern issues may be explored in the secondary classroom through projects which both foster student engagement, as well as bring about potential class and community activism, further promoting social justice to, ideally, erase prejudice, one book at a time. While the author uses a few specific books as examples, many books fit these roles and would be relevant to these types of studies and projects.

Pilgrimage and Textual Culture

Pilgrimage formed a central motif of medieval culture and shaped a defining aesthetic of early literature. Despite this centrality, research remains in a preliminary state for many of the actual texts, manuscripts, and books connected to pilgrimage and how they contributed to the exchange and translation of knowledge and ideas. This special issue considers issues of reading and writing before, during, and after medieval pilgrimages, as well as the methodological and historical issues at stake for both pilgrim writers and modern scholars. In particular, the articles address the vexed issue of where — and how much — reading and writing took place around historically attested pilgrimages. By employing insights from literature, history, bibliography, geography, and anthropology, this collection aims not only to understand the past, but also to examine how current biases might affect interpretation of that past. From this multidisciplinary perspective, deeper insight is offered into how pilgrims’ libraries shaped not only pilgrimage, but medieval culture in general.