Experimental studies on a mutant gene (p) causing premature death of Ambystoma mexicanum embryos

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Trottier ◽  
John B. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
General Defect ◽  
Superficial Tissue

The premature death (p) mutation is a recessive lethal, which, in the homozygous condition, gives rise to a complex of abnormalities. The mutant embryos develop only to stage 37, at which time disintegration of superficial tissue begins. Many of the abnormalities observed in sections of the stage-37 mutant embryo are related to its failure to establish a functioning circulatory system, or to the resulting edema and/or ascites that distend the abdomen and flanks. There are, however, abnormalities of heart, liver, gill and muscle development which cannot be attributed to lack of circulation and edema. All of these abnormalities can be indirectly related to the endoderm, particularly the anterior and dorsal endoderm. The findings, therefore, suggest that the mutation leads to a fairly general defect of the endoderm.

Towards understanding paternal extragenic contributions to early amphibian pattern specification: the axolotl ts—1 gene as a model system

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
George M. Malacinski ◽  
Dorothy Barone
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Model System ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Pattern Specification ◽  
Made In

As a model system for understanding the role sperm extragenic components might play in early embryogenesis the genetics and phenotype of the ts—1 axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) mutant gene are reviewed. That mutant gene displays parental effects. It exhibits both maternal (egg-mediated) as well as paternal (sperm-mediated) phenotypic effects. A variety of possible modes of action of the ts—1 gene are reviewed. Comparisons of various precedents to the ts—1 genetic data are made. In addition, novel models which account for the ts—1 phenotypic data are presented.

Perinatal exposure to Bisphenol A and developmental programming of the cardiovascular changes in the offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla ◽  
Isehaq Al-Huseini ◽  
R G Sumesh Sofin ◽  
Srijit Das
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism

: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial ubiquitous compound, frequently used to produce synthetic polymers and epoxy resins. BPA is a well-recognized endocrine disruptor and xenoestrogen compound. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggests that perinatal BPA exposure (gestation and/or lactation) increases the risk of developing various diseases, including the cardiovascular system. Developmental programming refers to environmental insults during the critical window of development that affect the structure and physiology of body systems, causing permanent changes in later stages. BPA influences the developmental programming of non-communicable diseases in the offspring. In the present review, we discuss the developmental programming of cardiovascular diseases related to perinatal exposure to BPA, supported by epidemiological and experimental evidence from published literature. The majority of the reported studies found a positive association between perinatal BPA exposure and adverse cardiovascular repercussions in the fetal, neonatal, and adulthood stages. The possible underlying mechanisms include epigenetic modifications of genes involved in cardiac muscle development, autonomic tone, collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix, cardiac remodeling and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Epigenetics can modify the outcome of any disease. Hence, in the present review, we also discuss the role of epigenetics in preventing cardiovascular diseases following perinatal exposure to BPA. We also highlight how future treatment and drug delivery related to cardiovascular involvement could be based on epigenetic markers.

scholarly journals THE NUMBER OF LIFE YEARS LOST (DALYS) DUE TO PREMATURE MORTALITY IN THE POPULATION OF TOMSK REGION IN 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Kobyakova ◽  
I. A. Deev ◽  
N. Ya. Nesvetailo ◽  
V. A. Boikov ◽  
I. P. Shibalkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Life Years Lost

Aim: to calculate the index of years of life lost population due to premature death in the Tomsk region in 2012, and the contribution of various groups of diseases in the total indicator DALY among males and females.  Materials and methods: in the calculation of DALY used the number and the gender and age structure of the population of Tomsk region by 01.01.2012, according to Rosstat. To conduct the calculation of DALY used the methodology presented by the world Bank in the report «Investing in health» in 1993 According to the methodology, the DALY is the number of years of life of the population, lived with disability or other health problems, and lost due to premature death. Results: the total loss of DALYs in the Tomsk region by the end of 2012 amounted 112,3, per 1000 population (11,6±8,9). In the structure of DALYs by cause of death 1st place is occupied by diseases of the circulatory system, 2nd injury and poisoning, 3rd neoplasms. Conclusions: the indicator DALY in the Tomsk region are significantly lower than the Russian Federation as a whole (according to S.A. Leonov - 1.25 times, according to G. Yang - 2 times). The relatively low level of DALYs in the Tomsk region is associated with favourable compared with other regions of the age structure (younger populations). It should also be noted that more than 70% of population live in urban areas, where, as is known, the availability of medical care are higher than in rural.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of mechanical heart support system based on viscous friction disc pump

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
A. M. Chernyavskiy ◽  
T. M. Ruzmatov ◽  
A. V. Fomichev ◽  
A. E. Medvedev ◽  
Yu. M. Prikhodko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Mechanical Heart Support

Aim. Experimental evaluation of the viscous friction disk pump efficiency, studying the relationship between inter-disk clearance and sizes of input and output ports and pump performance parameters.Materials and methods. To assess the characteristics and to optimize the disk friction pump design the pump model and experimental stand were created. Pump dimensions were set on the basis of medical and biological requirements for mechanical heart support systems and with due consideration of the experimental studies of our colleagues from Pennsylvania. Flow volume of the working fluid was measured by float rotameter Krohne VA-40 with measurement error of not more than 1%. The pressure values in the hydrodynamic circuit were measured using a monitor manufactured by Biosoft-M. Expansion device allowed changing the flow resistance of the system simulating the total peripheral resistance of the circulatory system.Results. Linear direct correlation between the pump performance and the pressure drop of liquid being created at the inlet and outlet of the pump was obtained. The required flow rate (5–7 l/min) and pressure (90–100 mmHg) were reached when the rotor speed was in the range of 2500–3000 rev/min. It has been shown that the increase of the inlet diameter to 15 mm has not resulted in a significant increase in the pump performance, and that the highest efficiency values can be obtained for the magnitude of inter-disk gap of 0.4–0.5 mm.Conclusion. Designed and manufactured experimental disc pump model for pumping fluid has showed the fundamental possibility to use this model as a system for mechanical support of the heart.

scholarly journals GENE CONTROL OF HEMATOPOIESIS

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Mintz ◽  
Joy Palm
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Strains ◽  
Genetically Determined

Erythropoietic cells of two unrelated strains, C3H (or C3Hf) and C57BL/6, can coexist throughout hematopoiesis in allophenic mice experimentally produced from aggregated, undifferentiated blastomeres of separate genotypes. The presence of two red cell genotypes in these circumstances signifies that the erythroid population must normally be multiclonal, i.e., derived mitotically from at least two genetically determined cells. The two strains were detected by hemagglutination and absorption tests of erythrocytes for the specific histocompatibility antigens dictated by the H-2k and H-2b alleles. Of 34 C3H(f) ↔ C57BL/6 allophenics tested, 16 had both red cell types; the remaining 18 showed only C3H or C57 red cells and included 12 mice with both cell strains present in some other tissues. All animals with evidence of two H-2 phenotypes among circulating erythrocytes were permanently immunologically tolerant of both antigenic types and remained free of runt disease. They lived a full lifespan, up to 2 yr 7½ months of age. The data suggest a possible specific selective advantage of C57BL/6 over C3H erythropoietic tissue. There is considerable individual variability, not only in proportions of antigenically distinct erythrocytes, but also in strain composition of other tissues in the same animals. A broad spectrum of distinctive situations is found, in which parameters are varied within or outside of the circulatory system. Allophenic mice can therefore serve as investigative tools for entirely new kinds of experimental studies of gene control mechanisms and blood physiology in normal hematopoiesis and in a number of hereditary blood diseases.

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