Neuroglial Development and Myelination in the Spinal Cord of the Chick Embryo

Development ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
J. P. M. Bensted ◽  
J. Dobbing ◽  
R. S. Morgan ◽  
R. T. W. Reid ◽  
G. Payling Wright
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

The widespread occurrence of the demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system makes the study of the events that accompany normal myelin formation one of major significance in neuropathology. In the latter part of the last century the earlier stages in the development of the nervous system in embryos were studied in detail by many investigators, but since then, in spite of its evident importance, this aspect of embryogenesis has attracted little attention from embryologists and neurohistologists. In view of the advances now being made in the chemistry of the nervous system, the time seems opportune to return to the problem of myelinogenesis with the hope of bringing together some of the many important relevant observations in neural morphology and biochemistry. In contrast to most earlier studies, the present one is restricted to some of the more outstanding features in the development of the neuroglia and myelin in the cervical spinal cord of the chicken embryo during the later stages of incubation.

Peripheral and brain tissue catecholamine content in intact and anti-NGF-treated fetal sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. R7-R12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Schuijers ◽  
D. W. Walker ◽  
C. A. Browne ◽  
G. D. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Fetal lambs were treated with a single dose of anti-mouse nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) at 80 days gestational age. The catecholamine content of tissues was determined at 135 days gestational age. There was a reduction of either norepinephrine, epinephrine, or both, in the thymus, thyroid, atrium (but not ventricle), lung, liver, kidney, and jejunum when compared with age-matched control fetuses. The spleen, ileum, colon, and the adrenal glands were not affected by anti-NGF. In treated fetuses there was a reduction in catecholamine content of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, medulla, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord. These results show that some tissues are sensitive to, and some are refractory to, the action of anti-NGF at 80 days gestation. Also the results suggest that NGF may play a role in the development of catecholamine-containing neurons within the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Case Report: Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Oligodendrogliomatosis in a Young Adult Cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Chludzinski ◽  
Christina Puff ◽  
Jürgen Weber ◽  
Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
Proliferation Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Adult Cat

A 2-year-old cat was presented with progressive ataxia. Despite treatment the animal died. Pathomorphological examination revealed a widespread leptomeningeal mass at all levels of the central nervous system accentuated on the cervical spinal cord and the medulla oblongata without presence of a primary intraaxial tumor. The neoplasm was mainly composed of round, uninucleate cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, which were immunopositive for OLIG2, doublecortin, MAP2, synaptophysin, and vimentin, indicating components of both oligodendroglial and neuronal differentiation. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry indicated a high proliferation activity of the neoplasm. Few GFAP positive and Iba-1 positive cells were interpreted as reactive astrocytes and macrophages or microglia, respectively. The tumor was immunonegative for CD3, CD20, PAX5, MUM1, pan-cytokeratin, S100, NSE, p75NTR, NeuN and periaxin. These findings led to the diagnosis of primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis. This is the first reported case of this entity in a young cat, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis for diffuse subarachnoidal round cell infiltrates.

On the Nature of Inhibition: a Review.∗

1934 ◽  
Vol 80 (329) ◽  
pp. 198-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

While, during the last thirty years, great advances have been made in our knowledge of inhibition, its properties and its interactions with excitation, yet little progress has been made in elucidating the precise nature of inhibition itself. Pavlov (67), for instance, has discovered many of the principles of inhibition, its interaction with excitation, its irradiation, its extinction and so on. But all the time he is dealing with inhibition simply as a phenomenon which shows itself in the end-reaction. With regard to what is actually happening in the cortex, he admits that it is unknown. Yet the phenomenon of inhibition is one of prime importance in the organization of the central nervous system. Perhaps, at times, while watching, say, a dog chasing a ball, one is apt to forget the many reactions which are not happening in one's interest in what is happening. Yet an overdose of strychnine to the dog will soon remind one that every movement of each limb, every twitch of a muscle is surrounded, as it were, by a wall of inhibition, checking, controlling and timing so as to produce the final smooth and graceful co-ordination.

Radiation-induced Cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme Subsequent to Treatment of an Astrocytoma of the Cervical Spinal Cord

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi H. Rappaport ◽  
David Loven ◽  
Uriel Ben-Aharon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Cerebellar Glioblastoma ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Induced Tumors

Abstract A cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme was diagnosed in a 22-year-old woman. This originated in the zone adjacent to a field irradiated 14 years earlier after the removal of a noncontiguous astrocytoma of the spinal cord. The accepted criteria for radiation-induced tumors of the central nervous system are discussed.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Failure due to Neuromyelitis Optica Treated Successfully with Plasmapheresis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Massa Zantah ◽  
Timothy B. Coyle ◽  
Debapriya Datta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pulse Dose ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease involving the central nervous system. Acute respiratory failure from cervical myelitis due to NMO is known to occur but is uncommon in monophasic disease and is treated with high dose steroids. We report a case of a patient with NMO who developed acute respiratory failure related to cervical spinal cord involvement, refractory to pulse dose steroid therapy, which resolved with plasmapheresis.

Multiple sclerosis, solitary sclerosis or something else?

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1819-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Lattanzi ◽  
Francesco Logullo ◽  
Paolo Di Bella ◽  
Mauro Silvestrini ◽  
Leandro Provinciali
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system represent a wide spectrum of entities and their classification cannot currently be regarded complete. Objective: Our aim is to describe a series of patients presenting with progressive myelopathy associated to a single demyelinating lesion of the spinal cord. Methods: We identified the patients affected by chronic progressive spinal cord dysfunction related to a single spinal cord lesion not satisfying the diagnostic criteria for any of the currently defined diseases. Results: Seven females and one male were included. The median age at onset of symptoms was 53 years (range 42–68) and the median follow-up was 8 years (range 5–12). Brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans detected only one single, circumscribed, T2 hyperintense, non-longitudinally extensive lesion at level of cervico-medullary junction or cervical cord, in the absence of Gadolinium enhancement or swelling. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination displayed neither oligoclonal bands nor raised IgG index. A response to immunosuppressive agents was observed in some of the patients. Serial control brain and spinal MRI did not reveal accumulation of new lesions. Conclusion: New entities or variants should be included among the inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, and their characterization may have relevant prognostic and treatment implications.

Isolated intramedullary histiocytosis-X of the cervical spinal cord

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Hamilton ◽  
Edward S. Connolly ◽  
William T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Histiocytosis X ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Histiocytosis-X is known to involve the central nervous system, but rarely does this disease involve the spinal cord. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of isolated intramedullary histiocytosis-X of the spinal cord to be reported.

The Cervical Spinal Cord is a Relay Centre for the Central Nervous System Processing of Input from the Cranial Vasculature

Cephalalgia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (10_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Angus-Leppan ◽  
G.A. Lambert ◽  
P. Boers ◽  
J.W. Lance ◽  
A.S. Zagami
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The etiology of caput obstipum musculare continues to be the subject of study

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
M. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

Levin (Vesti. Khir. And Pogr. Obl., Book 14, 1925), making a critical review of existing theories on this topic (congenital, traumatic, degenerative and neurogenic) and dwelling on his own observation of acquired muscle torticollis, which arose on the basis of syringomyelitic lesions the upper cervical spinal cord, tends to the etiological explanation put forward by Golding-Bird, which links the development of caput obstipum musculare with damage to the central nervous system.

Experimental extravascular surface-cooling of the brain stem, fourth ventricle, and high cervical spinal cord

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Selker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suboccipital Craniectomy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Cervical

✓ Fifteen dogs were subjected to suboccipital craniectomy and cervical laminectomy for the purpose of irrigating the spinal cord and floor of the fourth ventricle with iced saline solution. No significant respiratory or cardiovascular dysfunction was noted. It is believed that this technique may be of value in reversing traumatic edema in higher centers of the central nervous system, and that well-maintained levels of oxygen tension as measured peripherally are beneficial to any insult of the central nervous system.

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