The Cytoplasmic Inclusions of the Neurones of Certain Insects

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
S. K. MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Homogeneous Structure ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Basic Dyes ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the thoracic neurones of fifth instar and immature adults of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forsk., and of adults of the water-bug, Laccotrepkes rubra Fabr., has been made by employing the latest cytological techniques and phasecontrast microscopy. The mitochondria are seen as granules stainable in life with Janus green. Alignment of granules into filamentous mitochondria has also been observed in fixed preparations. The Golgi bodies (lipochondria of Shafiq) are sudanophil, osmiophil, and argentophil spheroids. The bigger spheroids show a duplex structure. There is a chromophil, cortical, lipid component, which may be in the form of a complete ring (Schistocerca) or in the form of one or two granules or a crescent (Laccotrephes), and a chromophobe medulla stainable with the basic dyes, neutral red and methylene blue. The smaller Golgi bodies in Schistocerca show a homogeneous structure. The Golgi bodies have not been observed to be engaged in any secretory activity. Neurofibrillae have been observed in the neurones of the insects studied.

Cytoplasmic Inclusions of the Neurones of Gastropods

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (41) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
S. K. MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Red ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Complete Ring ◽  
Fixed Material ◽  
Lipid Component

The neurones of the sub-oesophageal ganglionic mass of the Simla slug, Anadenus altivagus, and the Bharwain snail, Euaustenia cassida, have been investigated by phasecontrast microscopy of the living cells and in fixed preparations. The mitochondria are seen as granules and filaments in both living and fixed material. Alignment of granules into filamentous mitochondria has also been observed in the fixed preparations. The lipid spheroids (corresponding to the ‘binary spheroids’ of Thomas and the ‘lipochondria’ of Roque) are sudanophil, osmiophil, and argentophil. The bigger spheroids show a duplex structure, consisting of a cortical, chromophil, lipid component, which may be in the form of a complete ring (Anadenus) or in the form of one or two granules or a crescent (Anadenus and Euaustenia), and a chromophobe medulla (neutral red vacuome of Parat), in which lipochrome develops to form the ‘mulberry spheroids’ of Thomas. The small homogeneous lipid spheroids also contribute to the formation of ‘mulberry spheroids’.

The Morphology of the Golgi Bodies with Reference to Secretion in the Liver-cells of the Slug, Anadenus Altivagus, as seen under the Phase-Contrast Microscope

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
RAJINDER RISHI
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Dark Contrast

Golgi bodies in the living liver-cells of the slug, Anadenus altivagus, exist in two forms: (a) homogeneous granules or spheres of dark contrast, and (b) spheres showing a duplex structure with a light greyish internum and a dark externum, which may be single or composite. The greyish internum of these duplex spheroids grows into the secretory granules, the dark externum disappearing in the process of growth. Mitochondria appear as fibres of light greyish contrast with a dark granule at each tip. This dark granule disassociates itself from the mitochondrion and forms the Golgi granule of dark contrast--the Golgi ‘pre-substance’. The Golgi pre-substance, stainable with neutral red, forms the Golgi spheroids.

The Cytology and Histochemistry of the Neurones of Periplaneta americana

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (59) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
DOREEN E. ASHHURST
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Bodies

The only cytoplasmic inclusions visible in the neurones by the light microscope are the lipochondria and mitochondria. It is suggested that the Golgi bodies, seen in preparations made by the Golgi techniques, are produced by the deposition of osmium or silver on the surface of the lipochondria. The lipochondria consist of phospholipids and cerebrosides. There is also some lipid in the cytoplasm, together with carbohydrates, proteins, and RNA.

Memoirs: A Study of the Cytoplasmic Inclusions and Nucleolar Phenomena during the Oogenesis of the Mouse

1933 ◽  
Vol s2-75 (300) ◽  
pp. 697-721
Author(s):  
R.A. R. GRESSON
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Nuclear Body ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Nucleolar Material

1. The Golgi apparatus of the germinal epithelium consists of a dark mass of material situated at one pole of the nucleus. The mitochondria occur scattered throughout the cytoplasm. 2. The Golgi material of the very early oocyte consists of rods and granules clumped together to form a large body at one pole of the nucleus; smaller masses of Golgi material may also be present. 3. In the young oocyte, surrounded by a follicle wall, a single juxta-nuclear body is present; at a later stage the individual Golgi elements break away from the juxta-nuclear body and become distributed throughout the ooplasm. 4. In the late oocytes the Golgi elements occur in close association with the mitochondrial clumps and also scattered through the ooplasm. In tubal eggs the Golgi bodies are smaller in size and more numerous than in the ovarian ova. 5. It is concluded that the large mitochondria of Lams and Doorme correspond to the oocyte Golgi elements of the present contribution. The behaviour of the Golgi material during the growth of the ovum resembles that of the eggs of other mammals. The present findings on the structure of the juxta-nuclear Golgi material agrees with Nihoul's account for the rabbit. 6. The mitochondria of the young oocytes occur scattered through the ooplasm, but are more numerous in the vicinity of the nucleus and Golgi material. Later, the majority of the mitochondria become collected into clumps; in the tubal eggs the mitochondrial clumps are more numerous. 7. The Golgi apparatus of young follicles is situated between the follicle-cell nucleus and the pole of the cell directed towards the oocyte; in follicles consisting of several layers the position of the Golgi apparatus varies, while in fully-formed follicles the Golgi material of many of the cells surrounding the follicular cavity are directed towards the cavity. This agrees with Henneguy's findings for the Golgi apparatus of the follicle-cells of the guinea-pig. The mitochondria of the follicle-cells occur scattered through the cytoplasm but are more numerous towards the pole of the cell adjoining the oocyte. 8. The number of nucleoli present in the early oocyte varies from one to five; the majority of the older oocytes contain a single nucleolus but two may be present. Extrusion into the ooplasm of nucleolar material takes place; the nucleoli and the nucleolar extrusions are basophil (Mann's methyl-blue eosin). 9. Fatty yolk is not present in the mouse ovum. It is suggested that the Golgi elements and mitochondria play some part in yolk-formation, and that some of the granules formed by the fragmentation of the nucleolar extrusions are added to the yolkglobules already present. The yolk-globules of unsegmented tubal eggs are situated towards one pole of the cell; at the twocell stage they appear to be evenly distributed between the two cells. 10. In degenerating eggs the mitochondria are clumped; the Golgi bodies occur in small groups or are closely applied to the mitochondrial clumps. In eggs which have undergone fragmentation the Golgi bodies occur in groups, while the majority of the mitochondria are clumped. The fat-globules, previously recorded by Kingery in degenerating eggs, were identified. In material treated by Ciaccio's method for the identification of fats, appearances suggest that the Golgi elements, and possibly the mitochondria, give rise to fat. Yolk-globules could not be distinguished in the late stages of these eggs.

Comparison of the Neutral Red and Methylene Blue Assays to Study Cell Growth in Culture

1993 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mark Elliott ◽  
Nelly Auersperg
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Neutral Red

The effect of physico-chemically immobilized methylene blue and neutral red on the anode of microbial fuel cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arseniy L. Popov ◽  
Jung Rae Kim ◽  
Richard M. Dinsdale ◽  
Sandra R. Esteves ◽  
Alan J. Guwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Neutral Red

Removal of Basic Dyes (Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue) from Aqueous Solutions Using Bagasse Fly Ash

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 2097-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINOD K. GUPTA ◽  
DINESH MOHAN ◽  
SAURABH SHARMA ◽  
MONICA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Bagasse Fly Ash ◽  
Basic Dyes
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