The energetic costs of trunk and distal-limb loading during walking and running in guinea fowl Numida meleagris: II. Muscle energy use as indicated by blood flow

Understanding the mechanical determinants of the energy cost of limb swing is crucial for refining our models of locomotor energetics, as well as improving treatments for those suffering from impaired limb-swing mechanics. In this study, we use guinea fowl ( Numida meleagris) as a model to explore whether mechanical work at the joints explains limb-swing energy use by combining inverse dynamic modeling and muscle-specific energetics from blood flow measurements. We found that the overall efficiencies of the limb swing increased markedly from walking (3%) to fast running (17%) and are well below the usually accepted maximum efficiency of muscle, except at the fastest speeds recorded. The estimated efficiency of a single muscle used during ankle flexion (tibialis cranialis) parallels that of the total limb-swing efficiency (3% walking, 15% fast running). Taken together, these findings do not support the hypothesis that joint work is the major determinant of limb-swing energy use across the animal's speed range and warn against making simple predictions of energy use based on joint mechanical work. To understand limb-swing energy use, mechanical functions other than accelerating the limb segments need to be explored, including isometric force production and muscle work arising from active and passive antagonist muscle forces.

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Resolving Shifting Patterns of Muscle Energy Use in Swimming Fish

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0106030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e106030 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shannon P. Gerry ◽

David J. Ellerby

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Muscle Energy ◽

Muscle Energy Use

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The meat quality of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris L., 1766) and its variation under refrigeration storage

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2014.43.6.58-62 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 58-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V.A. Zabiiakin ◽

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T.V. Zabiiakina ◽

A.L. Kropotova ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Numida Meleagris ◽

Refrigeration Storage

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Genomic analyses unveil helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) domestication in West Africa

Genome Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/gbe/evab090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Quan-Kuan Shen ◽

Min-Sheng Peng ◽

Adeniyi C Adeola ◽

Ling Kui ◽

Shengchang Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

De Novo ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Chromatin Interaction ◽

De Novo Genome Assembly ◽

Numida Meleagris ◽

Whole Genomes ◽

Genomic Analyses ◽

Related Wild Species ◽

Wild Progenitors

Abstract Domestication of the helmeted guinea fowl (HGF; Numida meleagris) in Africa remains elusive. Here we report a high-quality de novo genome assembly for domestic HGF generated by long and short-reads sequencing together with optical and chromatin interaction mapping. Using this assembly as the reference, we performed population genomic analyses for newly sequenced whole-genomes for 129 birds from Africa, Asia, and Europe, including domestic animals (n = 89), wild progenitors (n = 34), and their closely related wild species (n = 6). Our results reveal domestication of HGF in West Africa around 1,300-5,500 years ago. Scanning for selective signals characterized the functional genes in behavior and locomotion changes involved in domestication of HGF. The pleiotropy and linkage in genes affecting plumage color and fertility were revealed in the recent breeding of Italian domestic HGF. In addition to presenting a missing piece to the jigsaw puzzle of domestication in poultry, our study provides valuable genetic resources for researchers and breeders to improve production in this species.

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Training increases muscle blood flow in rats with peripheral arterial insufficiency

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1353 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 1353-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

H. T. Yang ◽

R. F. Dinn ◽

R. L. Terjung

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Blood Flow ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Distal Limb ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Cage Activity ◽

Exercise Hyperemia ◽

Two Factors ◽

Arterial Insufficiency ◽

Peripheral Arterial

This study investigated the effect of physical training on muscle blood flow (BF) in rats with peripheral arterial insufficiency during treadmill running. Bilateral stenosis of the femoral artery of adult rats (300-350 g) was performed to reduce exercise hyperemia in the hindlimb but not limit resting muscle BF. Rats were divided into normal sedentary, acute stenosed (stenosed 3 days before the experiment), stenosed sedentary (limited to cage activity), and stenosed trained (run on a treadmill by a progressively intense program, up to 50-60 min/day, 5 days/wk for 6-8 wk). Hindlimb BF was determined with 85Sr- and 141Ce-labeled microspheres at a low (20 m/min) and high treadmill speed (30-40 m/min depending on ability). Maximal hindlimb BF was reduced to approximately 50% normal in the acute stenosed group. Total hindlimb BF (81 +/- 5 ml.min-1.100 g-1) did not change in stenosed sedentary animals with 6-8 wk of cage activity, but a redistribution of BF occurred within the hindlimb. Two factors contributed to a higher BF to the distal limb muscle of the trained animals. A redistribution BF within the hindlimb occurred in stenosed trained animals; distal limb BF increased to approximately 80% (P less than 0.001) of the proximal tissue. In addition, an increase in total hindlimb BF with training indicates that collateral BF has been enhanced (P less than 0.025). The associated increase in oxygen delivery to the relatively ischemic muscle probably contributed to the markedly improved exercise tolerance evident in the trained animals.

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Studies on Eimeria grenieri in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000047338 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. L. Long ◽

B. J. Millard

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Body Weight ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Third Generation ◽

Numida Meleagris ◽

Pathogenic Effects

SummaryEimeria grenieri was isolated from intensively reared guinea fowl in Britain. The oocysts had average dimensions of 21·09 × 15·48 μm and a small micropyle. Three generations of schizonts were found in the small intestine. The first mature schizonts were found in the upper intestine 30 h after inoculation. Second-generation schizonts were seen 48–80 h and third-generation schizonts were present 80–96 h after inoculation. These schizonts were found in the middle and lower small intestine. It was confirmed that gametogony of this species occurs only in the caeca. The pre-patent time was 112 h and the reproductive index from a dose of 6 × 102 oocysts was 8 × 104. Doses of between 1 × 104 and 1 × 106 caused severe depression of body weight gain. Immunity to re-infection developed rapidly. Sulphaquinoxaline at a dose of 0·04% in the drinking water given after inoculation was effective in reducing the pathogenic effects of the disease. Robenidine given in the food at a concentration of 16·5 ppm (50% of the recommended concentration for chickens) was effective in preventing disease caused by E. grenieri.The endogenous life-cycle of E. grenieri was completed in the chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos.

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