Properties of the muscle proteins--a comparative approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
S. V. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type I ◽  
Myofibrillar Proteins ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Stage Of Development

The differences in performance that exist between skeletal muscles are in part determined by the presence of different forms of most of the contractile and regulatory proteins of the myofibril - isoforms. These isoforms have common properties but their amino acid sequences are not identical and they exhibit slight differences in biological activities, such as ATPase, affinity for calcium, etc., that are appropriate for the physiological properties of the muscle in which they are present. With the exception of actin, all the major proteins present in the I and A filaments of skeletal muscle have been shown to exist in two or more isoforms. Whereas proteins such as troponin I and troponin C are present as a single isoform in each fibre type in normal muscle, others such as myosin and tropomyosin are present as two or more isoforms, usually in relative amounts characteristic for the fibre type. Type I and type II muscle fibres possess the capacity of synthesizing all the skeletal muscle isoforms of the myofibrillar proteins. The complement of isoforms present in a muscle fibre, however, depends on a number of factors such as the stage of development or regeneration, type of innervation, hormonal effects, etc. Complex mechanisms involving the coordinated control of gene expression must operate to ensure that the set of isoforms of the myofibrillar proteins present is characteristic for the cell type.

scholarly journals The effects of exercise training versus intensive insulin treatment on skeletal muscle fibre content in type 1 diabetes mellitus rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. McBey ◽  
Michelle Dotzert ◽  
C. W. J. Melling
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Type I

Abstract Background Intensive-insulin treatment (IIT) strategy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated with sedentary behaviour and the development of insulin resistance. Exercising patients with T1DM often utilize a conventional insulin treatment (CIT) strategy leading to increased insulin sensitivity through improved intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. It is unclear how these exercise-related metabolic adaptations in response to exercise training relate to individual fibre-type transitions, and whether these alterations are evident between different insulin strategies (CIT vs. IIT). Purpose: This study examined glycogen and fat content in skeletal muscle fibres of diabetic rats following exercise-training. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control-Sedentary, CIT- and IIT-treated diabetic sedentary, and CIT-exercised trained (aerobic/resistance; DARE). After 12 weeks, muscle-fibre lipids and glycogen were compared through immunohistochemical analysis. Results The primary findings were that both IIT and DARE led to significant increases in type I fibres when compared to CIT, while DARE led to significantly increased lipid content in type I fibres compared to IIT. Conclusions These findings indicate that alterations in lipid content with insulin treatment and DARE are primarily evident in type I fibres, suggesting that muscle lipotoxicity in type 1 diabetes is muscle fibre-type dependant.

scholarly journals The neuropeptide proctolin induces phosphorylation of a 30 kDa protein associated with the thin filament in crustacean muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (15) ◽  
pp. 2627-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Brüstle ◽  
Sabine Kreissl ◽  
Donald L. Mykles ◽  
Werner Rathmayer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Apparent Molecular Mass ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Myofibrillar Proteins ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Western Blots

SUMMARYIn the isopod Idotea emarginata, the neuropeptide proctolin is contained in a single pair of motoneurones located in pereion ganglion 4. The two neurones supply dorsal extensor muscle fibres of all segments. Proctolin (1μmoll−1) potentiates the amplitude of contractures of single extensor muscle fibres elicited by 10mmoll−1 caffeine. In western blots of myofibrillar proteins isolated from single muscle fibres and treated with an anti-phosphoserine antibody, a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 30kDa was consistently found. The phosphorylation of this protein was significantly increased by treating the fibres with proctolin. After separation of myofibrillar filaments, a 30kDa protein was found only in the thin filament fraction. This protein is phosphorylated and detected by an antiserum against crustacean troponin I.

scholarly journals Calcium and strontium contractile activation properties of single skinned skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women 66-90 years of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue M Ronaldson ◽  
George D Stephenson ◽  
Stewart I Head
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The single skinned muscle fibre technique was used to investigate Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women (66-90 years). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. Three populations of muscle fibres were identified according to their specific Sr2+- activation properties: slow-twitch (type I) fast-twitch (type II) and hybrid (type I/II) fibres. All three fibre types were sampled from the biopsies of 66 to 72 years old women, but the muscle biopsies of women older than 80 years yielded only slow-twitch (type I) fibres. The proportion of hybrid fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle of women of circa 70 years of age (24%) was several-fold greater than in the same muscle of adults (<10%), suggesting that muscle remodelling occurs around this age. There were no differences between the Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of slow-twitch fibres from the two groups of elderly women, but there were differences compared with muscle fibres from adults with respect to sensitivity to Ca2+, steepness of the activation curves, and characteristics of the fibre-type dependent phenomenon of spontaneous force oscillations (SOMO) occurring at sub-maximal levels of activation. The maximal Ca2+ activated specific force from all the fibres collected from the seven old women use in the present study was significantly lower by 20% than in the same muscle of adults. Taken together these results show there are qualitative and quantitative changes in the activation properties of the contractile apparatus of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis muscle of women with advancing age, and that these changes need to be considered when explaining observed changes in womens mobility with aging.

Variability in skeletal muscle fibre characteristics during repeated muscle biopsy sampling in human vastus lateralis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Nederveen ◽  
George Ibrahim ◽  
Stephen A. Fortino ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Dinesh Kumbhare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Biopsy ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Fibre Type Distribution

The percutaneous muscle biopsy procedure is an invaluable tool for characterizing skeletal muscle and capillarization. Little is known about methodological or biological variation stemming from the technique in heterogeneous muscle. Five muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of a group of young men (n = 29, 22 ± 1 years) over a 96-h period. We investigated the repeatability of fibre distribution, indices of muscle capillarization and perfusion, and myofibre characteristics. No differences between the biopsies were reported in myofibre type distribution, cross-sectional area (CSA), and perimeter. Capillary-to-fibre perimeter exchange index and individual capillary-fibre contacts were unchanged with respect to the location of the muscle biopsy and index of capillarization. The variability in the sampling distribution of fibre type specific muscle CSA increased when fewer than 150 muscle fibres were quantified. Variability in fibre type distribution increased when fewer than 150 muscle fibres were quantified. Myofibre characteristics and indices of capillarization are largely consistent throughout the vastus lateralis when assessed via the skeletal muscle biopsy technique. Novelty Markers of muscle capillarization and perfusion were unchanged across multiple sites of the human vastus lateralis. Myofibre characteristics such as muscle cross-sectional area, perimeter, and fibre type distribution were also unchanged. Variation of muscle CSA was higher when fewer than 150 muscle fibres were quantified.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle, haematological and splenic volume characteristics of elite breath-hold divers

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis Elia ◽  
Oliver J. Wilson ◽  
Matthew Lees ◽  
Paul J. Parker ◽  
Matthew J. Barlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Splenic Volume

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to provide an evaluation of the oxygen transport, exchange and storage capacity of elite breath-hold divers (EBHD) compared with non-divers (ND). Methods Twenty-one healthy males’ (11 EBHD; 10 ND) resting splenic volumes were assessed by ultrasound and venous blood drawn for full blood count analysis. Percutaneous skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the m. vastus lateralis to measure capillarisation, and fibre type-specific localisation and distribution of myoglobin and mitochondrial content using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Splenic volume was not different between groups. Reticulocytes, red blood cells and haemoglobin concentrations were higher (+ 24%, p < 0.05; + 9%, p < 0.05; + 3%, p < 0.05; respectively) and mean cell volume was lower (− 6.5%, p < 0.05) in the EBHD compared with ND. Haematocrit was not different between groups. Capillary density was greater (+ 19%; p < 0.05) in the EBHD. The diffusion distance (R95) was lower in type I versus type II fibres for both groups (EBHD, p < 0.01; ND, p < 0.001), with a lower R95 for type I fibres in the EBHD versus ND (− 13%, p < 0.05). Myoglobin content was higher in type I than type II fibres in EBHD (+ 27%; p < 0.01) and higher in the type I fibres of EBHD than ND (+ 27%; p < 0.05). No fibre type differences in myoglobin content were observed in ND. Mitochondrial content was higher in type I than type II fibres in EBHD (+ 35%; p < 0.05), with no fibre type differences in ND or between groups. Conclusions In conclusion, EBDH demonstrate enhanced oxygen storage in both blood and skeletal muscle and a more efficient oxygen exchange capacity between blood and skeletal muscle versus ND.

scholarly journals Histological and histochemical changes of the skeletal muscle in human chronic Chagas' disease

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia Taratuto ◽  
M. A. Pagano ◽  
Teresa Fumo ◽  
Olga P. Sanz ◽  
R. E. P. Sica
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies were performed in 7 subjects with chronic Chagas' disease. On clinical and laboratory grounds the selected patients were judged to be healthy, being the only abnormality found the presence of positive serum tests for Chagas' disease. Fibre type grouping of either type I or type II was observed in 5 of the 7 patients. Furthermore, in 2 of the 5 patients showing muscle fibre groupings, angular fibres reacting with NADH and non-specific sterase were also found. These observations strongly suggest denervation associated with reinervation. This picture often can be observed in the skeletal muscle of patients with well compensated denervatory conditions who do not show clinical evidences of denervation.

Influence of overload on phenotypic remodeling in regenerated skeletal muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. C1686-C1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. X. Bigard ◽  
J. Zoll ◽  
F. Ribera ◽  
P. Mateo ◽  
H. Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Type I ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Mechanical Overload

We studied the effects of 10 wk of functional overload on the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoforms (SERCA), and the activity of several metabolic enzymes in sham and regenerated plantaris muscles. Overload was accomplished by bilateral surgical ablation of its synergists 4 wk after right plantaris muscles regenerated after myotoxic infiltration. The overload-induced muscle enlargement was slightly less in regenerated than in sham muscles [28% ( P < 0.005) and 43% ( P < 0.001), respectively]. Overload led to an increase in type I MHC expression ( P < 0.01) to a similar extent in sham and regenerated plantaris, while the expected shift from type IIb to type IIa MHC was less marked in regenerated than in sham plantaris. The overload-induced decrease in the expression of the fast SERCA isoform and in the activity of the M subunit of lactate dehydrogenase occurred to a similar extent in sham and regenerated plantaris [66% ( P < 0.01) and 27% ( P < 0.005), respectively]. In conclusion, the lesser responses of muscle mass and fast MHC composition of regenerated plantaris to mechanical overload suggest an alteration of the transcriptional, translational, and/or posttranslational control of gene expression in regenerated muscle.

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