Mitochondrial oxyconformity and cold adaptation in the polychaete Nereis pelagica and the bivalve Arctica islandica from the Baltic and White Seas

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (21) ◽  
pp. 3355-3368 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tschischka ◽  
D. Abele ◽  
H.O. Portner
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
Arctica Islandica ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Baltic

The rates of oxygen uptake of the marine polychaete Nereis pelagica and the bivalve Arctica islandica depend on the availability of ambient oxygen. This is manifest both at the tissue level and in isolated mitochondria studied between oxygen tensions (P(O2)) of 6.3 and 47.6 kPa (47–357 mmHg). Oxyconformity was found in both Baltic Sea (Kiel Bight) and cold-adapted White Sea populations of the two species. However, mitochondria isolated from White Sea specimens of N. pelagica and A. islandica showed a two- to threefold higher aerobic capacity than mitochondria prepared from Baltic Sea specimens. We tested whether mitochondrial oxyconformity can be explained by an additional electron pathway that is directly controlled by P(O2). Mitochondrial respiration of both invertebrate species was inhibited by cyanide (KCN) and by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). The overall rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption increased at high P(O2). Phosphorylation efficiency (ADP/O ratio) decreased at elevated P(O2) (27.5-47.6 kPa, 206–357 mmHg), regardless of whether malate or succinate was used as a substrate. In contrast to the invertebrate mitochondria studied, mitochondria isolated from bovine heart, as an oxyregulating control species, did not show an elevated rate of oxygen uptake at high P(O2) in any respiratory state, with the exception of state 2 malate respiration. In addition, rates of ATP formation, respiratory control ratios (RCR) and ADP/O ratios remained virtually unchanged or even tended to decreased. In conclusion, the comparison between mitochondria from oxyregulating and oxyconforming organisms supports the existence of an alternative oxidase in addition to the classical cytochrome c oxidase. In accordance with models discussed previously, oxidative phosphorylation does not explain the rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption during progressive activation of the alternative electron transport system. We discuss the alternative system, thought to be adaptive in confined, usually hypoxic environments, where excess oxygen can be eliminated and oxygen levels can be kept low by an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption, thereby minimizing the risk of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Captopril on Serum Lipid Levels and Cardiac Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption in Experimentally-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rabbits

2011 ◽  
pp. S177-S184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. KOJIC ◽  
K. GOPCEVIC ◽  
D. MARINKOVIC ◽  
G. TASIC
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Serum Lipid Levels ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, the consensus on effects of these inhibitors in control of myocardial oxygen consumption during the process of experimental hypercholesterolemia and under the condition of endothelial dysfunction has not been reached. Here we examined effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on serum lipid levels and oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria isolated from heart of rabbits treated by hypercholesterolemic diet. During the twelve-week period, the Chinchilla male rabbits were daily treated by saline (controls); 1 % cholesterol diet; 5 mg/kg/day captopril or 1 % cholesterol + 5 mg/kg/day captopril. Total- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were measured spectrophotometricly. The left ventricle mitochondrial fraction was isolated and myocardial oxygen consumption was measured by Biological Oxygen Monitor. Mitochondria isolated from hearts of rabbits exposed to hypercholesterolemic diet showed significantly reduced respiration rates (state 3 and state 4) with altering adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratio, whereas the respiratory control ratio was not affected when compared to controls. Mitochondria from cholesterol/captopril–treated animals showed significantly reduced respiration rates without altering adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratio index or respiratory control ratio. Although captopril did not exert the favorable effect on serum lipid levels in cholesterol-treated animals, it restored the mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Further studies should be performed to define the underlying physiological and/or pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.

Zoologisch-botanische Exkursionen an das Weiße Meer – seine Fischgemeinschaft und historische Verbindungen zur Ostsee

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Helmut M. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Marginal Sea ◽  
Glacial Relicts ◽  
The Baltic

Ragnar Kinzelbach hat das langjährige Projekt der zoologisch-botanischen Austauschpraktika der Moskauer und der Rostocker Universität mit der ihm eigenen Vehemenz tatkräftig unterstützt und begleitet. Zweimal nahm er am Feldpraktikum in Russland am Weißen Meer teil. In diesem Beitrag wird dieses Randmeer vorgestellt und mit der Ostsee verglichen, einschließlich der postglazialen Entwicklung. Ein bis heute noch nicht endgültig entschiedenes Thema ist die Diskussion um Glazialrelikte der Ostseefauna, die zum Teil mit dem Weißen Meer in Verbindung stehen. Es wird eine Übersicht der Fischgemeinschaft des bis in die Arktis reichenden Weißen Meeres gegeben und auf Besonderheiten verwiesen. Mit weniger als 50 marinen Fischarten, von denen nur 32 etabliert sind, ist es sehr artenarm. 23 Fischarten konnten als Belege für die Zoologische Sammlung der Rostocker Universität gesammelt werden. Zoological and botanical excursions to the White Sea – its fish community and historical connections to the Baltic Sea Abstract: With his characteristic vehemence, Ragnar Kinzelbach actively supported and accompanied the longstanding zoological-botanical students exchange project between the universities of Moscow and Rostock. Twice he participated in the field courses in Russia at the White Sea. This paper presents this marginal sea in comparison with the Baltic Sea, including the postglacial development. A topic that has not yet been conclusively resolved is the discussion of glacial relicts of the Baltic fauna, some of which are associated with the White Sea. An overview of the fish community of the White Sea, which extends into the Arctic, is given and special features are pointed out. It is a very species-poor sea, with fewer than 50 marine fish species, of which only 32 are established. 23 fish species were collected for the zoological collection of the Rostock University

The White Sea Canal: Being an Account of the Construction of the New Canal between the White Sea and the Baltic Sea

1936 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
F. L. ◽  
Maxim Gorky ◽  
L. Auerbach ◽  
S. G. Firin ◽  
Amabel Williams-Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals «THE CZAR'S ROAD» – PERSPECTIVE HISTORICAL, TOURISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN VALUES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Kulikov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Kuznetsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Peter 1 ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
Onega Lake ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Intensive Development

Some significant episodes of Peter 1's activity in the North of Russia are considered. The creation in 1702 of the"Osudareva road" (White sea – Onega lake) with a length of at least 190 km and the transfer of troops, ammunition and two yachts to storm the Swedish fortress of Noteburg, contributed to Russia's access to the Baltic sea and the intensive development of the North-West of the country. Recommended the continuation of studies of the road and search its supplementary relics.

Recently Accelerated Oxygen Consumption Rates Amplify Deoxygenation in the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 3227-3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Markus Meier ◽  
Germo Väli ◽  
Michael Naumann ◽  
Kari Eilola ◽  
Claudia Frauen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Species identification based on a semi-diagnostic marker: Evaluation of a simple conchological test for distinguishing blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. and M. trossulus Gould

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0249587
Author(s):  
Vadim Khaitov ◽  
Julia Marchenko ◽  
Marina Katolikova ◽  
Risto Väinölä ◽  
Sarah E. Kingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
The Baltic

Cryptic and hybridizing species may lack diagnostic taxonomic characters leaving researchers with semi-diagnostic ones. Identification based on such characters is probabilistic, the probability of correct identification depending on the species composition in a mixed population. Here we test the possibilities of applying a semi-diagnostic conchological character for distinguishing two cryptic species of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus. These ecologically, stratigraphically and economically important molluscs co-occur and hybridize in many areas of the North Atlantic and the neighboring Arctic. Any cues for distinguishing them in sympatry without genotyping would save much research effort. Recently these species have been shown to statistically differ in the White Sea, where a simple character of the shell was used to distinguish two mussel morphotypes. In this paper, we analyzed the associations between morphotypes and species-specific genotypes based on an abundant material from the waters of the Kola Peninsula (White Sea, Barents Sea) and a more limited material from Norway, the Baltic Sea, Scotland and the Gulf of Maine. The performance of the “morphotype test” for species identification was formally evaluated using approaches from evidence-based medicine. Interspecific differences in the morphotype frequencies were ubiquitous and unidirectional, but their scale varied geographically (from 75% in the White Sea to 15% in the Baltic Sea). In addition, salinity-related variation of this character within M. edulis was revealed in the Arctic Barents Sea. For every studied region, we established relationships between the proportions of the morphotypes in the populations as well as between the proportions of the morphotypes in samples and the probabilities of mussels of different morphotypes being M. trossulus and M. edulis. We provide recommendations for the application of the morphotype test to mussels from unstudied contact zones and note that they may apply equally well to other taxa identified by semi-diagnostic traits.

Population genetic structure and postglacial colonization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea area based on microsatellite DNA variation

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1887-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjatta Säisä ◽  
Marja-Liisa Koljonen ◽  
Riho Gross ◽  
Jan Nilsson ◽  
Jaana Tähtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Postglacial Colonization ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Main Basin ◽  
The Baltic

The genetic structure and phylogeography of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across the Baltic Sea basin and neighbouring areas (eastern Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Barents Sea, White Sea, and two Russian lakes, Onega and Ladoga) were studied to resolve the partly contradictory hypotheses of the species' postglacial colonization history. Thirty-eight populations (total of 2180 individuals) were studied for nine DNA microsatellite loci. Within the Baltic Sea, the anadromous populations formed three clear groups, corresponding to the northern (Gulf of Bothnia), eastern (Gulf of Finland and eastern Baltic Main Basin), and southern regions (western Baltic Main Basin). The genetic differences among these three groups were clearly greater (GGB 5.6%; GGB being the proportion of diversity components between regions within basins) than were those among population groups in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (GGB 2.2%) from Ireland to the White Sea. The isolation-by-distance model explained part of the differentiation within, but not between, the regions. The results strongly indicate colonization of the Baltic Sea by at least three glacial lineages. Potential refugium areas for each lineage are proposed.

scholarly journals Year-round movements of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from Kolguev Island, Barents Sea

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Quillfeldt ◽  
Julius Morkūnas ◽  
Helmut Kruckenberg ◽  
Alexander Kondratyev ◽  
Julia Loshchagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stopover Sites ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Kolguev Island

AbstractArctic birds migrating southwards face a multitude of challenges such as habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation of food resources and climate change impacts. Long-tailed Duck winter populations in the Baltic Sea have declined in recent decades. However, precise spatial data are lacking, especially from males. Thus, we aimed to identify the wintering grounds, timing of migration and stopover sites of males and females. We studied spatiotemporal distribution patterns of eight male and five female Long-tailed Ducks using implanted ARGOS satellite transmitters. Birds were tagged in the breeding season on Kolguev Island, Russia. After the breeding period, Long-tailed Ducks from Kolguev used three main post-breeding areas: most males undertook long distance eastward post-breeding migration to areas around the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas, while one male and four females moved short to the southeast coast of Kolguev, and one female moved to Mezhdusharsky Island in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Autumn migration included stopover sites in the White Sea, Lake Ladoga, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga, and all birds except one spent the winter in the southern part of the Baltic Sea, from the Pomeranian coast and Hoburgs bank to the Gulf of Finland. Only one female stayed in the White Sea for the winter. All but one bird used the White Sea as a stopover site in May, suggesting that this area is of special importance.

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