THE FINDING OF THE INVASIVE AMPHIPOD GMELINOIDES FASCIATUS (STEBBING, 1899) IN WATERCOURSES OF THE ONEGA LAKE BASIN

The invasive amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) was not previously recorded in the rivers of the Onega Lake basin, although it has spread widely in its littoral in recent years. In 2019 and 2020, this species was found to inhabit the estuarine zones of watercourses (the Rybreka River and the Drugaya River) at a considerable distance from the lacustrine littoral zone (0.5 and 1.7 km, respectively). It was revealed that G. fasciatus is included in the communities of both pools and riffles, and in some areas reaches dominant positions in the macrozoobenthos, which indicates the possibility of further expansion of its range due to the river ecosystems of the region.

Characterization of the Fish Population in the Southwestern Part of the Onega Lake (Karelia) Based on the Results of Long-Term Monitoring

The results of the long-term ichthyological studies of the southwestern part (the Sheltozero – Brusno region) of the Onega Lake performed as part of the environmental monitoring have been presented. This is one of the most productive and clean areas in the lake. The fish population of the southwestern part of the Onega Lake includes 20 fish species that are representatives of 10 families belonging to six faunistic complexes. By the number of the species, the Carp family dominates. By the number of the species in this area of the lake, the Arctic freshwater, the boreal plain, and the boreal foothill complexes are equally important. The species of the freshwater Pontian, the Arctic marine, and the ancient Late Tertiary complexes together amount to no more than 25 % of the total population. In the southwestern region of the lake, there are many valuable commercial species (freshwater salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758), lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)), pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758), etc. Smelt (Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and vendace (Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758)) are the most commercially valuable (75 – 85 %). The population-ecological analysis has shown a relatively good state of most studied fish species. For maintaining the existing structure and state of the fish population in the southwestern part of the Onega Lake, a set of measures is required, including the preservation and improvement of the fish habitat, the conditions for the fish reproduction and feeding; toughening the protective measures during periods with a decrease in the number of fish species; regulation of fishing, and increasing the amount of fish artificial reproduction, rearing, and releasing into the lake.

«THE CZAR'S ROAD» – PERSPECTIVE HISTORICAL, TOURISTICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SUBJECT OF THE RUSSIAN VALUES

Some significant episodes of Peter 1's activity in the North of Russia are considered. The creation in 1702 of the"Osudareva road" (White sea – Onega lake) with a length of at least 190 km and the transfer of troops, ammunition and two yachts to storm the Swedish fortress of Noteburg, contributed to Russia's access to the Baltic sea and the intensive development of the North-West of the country. Recommended the continuation of studies of the road and search its supplementary relics.

On the issue of improving the efficiency of environmental management in the coastal zone of the Onega Lake

This article is the result of a research conducted in the Zubov State Oceanological Institute during 2014-2019. The research was aimed at studying the coastal dynamics, as well as evaluating the quality of waters of the Onega Lake and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on it. Those factors were considered and characterized, the most important of them, in addition to human activity, are the solid flow of rivers and the flow from abrasion processes. Seven types of coasts were identified for the Onega Lake, each of which has its own characteristics of dynamic processes and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on water quality. The dynamics of the coasts were analyzed both in the course of field studies and using mathematical modeling methods, which allowed revealing the main tendencies in the dynamics of the coasts. Pollutants entering the Lake and affecting the quality of water are also divided by origin into natural, anthropogenic and mixed genesis pollutants. Special attention is paid to the natural sources of pollution, since they are considered in the available literature to the least extent. Natural origin pollutants include, in particular, the majority of heavy metals, which concentrations for various sites were determined during the research.

Study of Onega lake Petrozavodsk bay sub-bottom sediments using complex geophysical and geological data analysis

This article examines the results of geological interpretation of marine engineering data acquired in Onega lake. The survey included marine seismic acquisition and geological sampling. Seismo-stratigrafic units were picked according to processed seismic data. Survey results allowed to make a seismo-stratigrafic column of quaternary sediments of Onega lake. The column could be used to analyze the structure of open part of the lake as well.

The Sperrings culture (current state of study)

The following paper deals with the study of the Sperrings culture. More than a decade has passed since the last general publications on early Neolithic of Karelia. During this period, new sites of the Sperrings culture have been discovered and studied, first AMS-dating has been received from the ceramic fragments, monuments of the early Neolithic in the neighboring territories have been studied. As a result of two decades of the archaeological research in Karelia more than a dozen of new monuments were discovered and investigated, including poorly explored areas of the Northern Ladoga and Karelian isthmus. The Sperrings culture centre is the Onega lake basin, where more than 200 settlements are known. The existence period of the Sperrings culture in the Onega lake basin on the basis of AMS-dates is 5306-4250 cal BC. These data are also consistent with AMS-dating of bones of Koirinoya III settlement in the North Ladoga area. The Sperrings ceramics appeared on the territory of Karelia at the same time.

Archaeological research of the expedition of the museum-reserve «Kizhi» in 2013-2016

The following paper summarizes the study results of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve archaeological expedition in 2013-2016. During this period Kosmozero, Vanchozero, Turastamozero and Ladmozero on the territory of the Zononezhsky peninsula in the Medvezhyegorsk district and the Suna River within the boundaries of the Kivach state reserve in the Kondopoga district were studied. The purpose of the study was to establish the high-altitude patterns in the location of the Stone Age settlements in the interior of the Karelia. As a result of the works 23 ancient settlements on the territory of the Zaonezhsky peninsula were located on the ancient terraces of the Onega Lake bays at heights of 3 to 12 meters above the current water level in the reservoirs, the most ancient monuments of the Mesolithic era occupying the highest hypsometric marks. A new archeological complex of 20 monuments was discovered, timed to the ancient coastal terraces of the Onega Lake and at altitudes of 4 to 14 meters above the modern water level and in the Suna River.