scholarly journals Role of the gut microbiome in mediating standard metabolic rate after dietary shifts in the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (11) ◽  
pp. jeb218271
Author(s):  
Paul A. Ayayee ◽  
George Kinney ◽  
Chris Yarnes ◽  
Thomas Larsen ◽  
Gordon F. Custer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Diploptera Punctata ◽  
Dietary Shifts

scholarly journals The role of ambient temperature and body mass on body temperature, standard metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in southern African anurans of different habitat specialisation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohlamatsane Mokhatla ◽  
John Measey ◽  
Ben Smit
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Habitat Specialisation ◽  
Wide Range

Temperature and water availability are two of the most important variables affecting all aspects of an anuran’s key physiological processes such as body temperature (Tb), evaporative water loss (EWL) and standard metabolic rate (SMR). Since anurans display pronounced sexual dimorphism, evidence suggests that these processes are further influenced by other factors such as vapour pressure deficit (VPD), sex and body mass (Mb). However, a limited number of studies have tested the generality of these results across a wide range of ecologically relevant ambient temperatures (Ta), while taking habitat use into account. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of Ta on Tb, whole-animal EWL and whole-animal SMR in three wild caught African anuran species with different ecological specialisations: the principally aquatic African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), stream-breeding common river frog (Amietia delalandii), and the largely terrestrial raucous toad (Sclerophrys capensis). Experiments were conducted at a range of test temperatures (5–35 °C, at 5 °C increments). We found that VPD better predicted rates of EWL than Ta in two of the three species considered. Moreover, we found that Tb, whole-animal EWL and whole-animal SMR increased with increasing Ta, while Tb increased with increasing Mb in A. delalandii and S. capensis but not in X. laevis. Whole-animal SMR increased with increasing Mb in S. capensis only. We did not find any significant effect of VPD, Mb or sex on whole-animal EWL within species. Lastly, Mb did not influence Tb, whole-animal SMR and EWL in the principally aquatic X. laevis. These results suggest that Mb may not have the same effect on key physiological variables, and that the influence of Mb may also depend on the species ecological specialisation. Thus, the generality of Mb as an important factor should be taken in the context of both physiology and species habitat specialisation.

scholarly journals The role of gut microbiota in the regulation of standard metabolic rate in femalePeriplaneta americana

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Ayayee ◽  
Andrew Ondrejech ◽  
George Keeney ◽  
Agustí Muñoz-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Insect Gut

Insect gut microbiota contribute significantly to host nutritional ecology. Disrupting insect gut microbial assemblages impacts nutrient provisioning functions, and can potentially affect host standard metabolic rate (SMR), a measure of host energy balance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of disrupting gut microbial assemblages on the SMR of femalePeriplaneta americanacockroaches fed dog food (DF, high protein/carbohydrate (p/c) ratio), and cellulose-amended dog food (CADF, 30% dog food, 70% cellulose, low p/c ratio) diets, supplemented with none, low, or high antibiotic doses. Bacterial loads decreased significantly between diet types (P= 0.04) and across antibiotic doses (P= 0.04). There was a significant diet type x antibiotic dose interaction on SMR of females on both diets (P= 0.05) by the end of the seven-day experimental period. In CADF-fed females, SMR decreased linearly with decreasing bacterial load. However, SMR of DF-fed females on the low dose was significantly higher than those in the control and high dose groups. This is interpreted as a diet-dependent response by low dose DF-fed females to the loss of nutritional services provided by gut bacteria. Severe reductions in bacterial load at high doses reduced SMR of females on both diet types. This study provides insights into the potential role of gut bacteria as modulators of host energy expenditure under varying dietary conditions.

Role of Panchakarma in the management of Hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Suraj Kumbar ◽  
Dr.Lohith BA ◽  
Dr.Ashvinikumar M ◽  
Dr. Amritha R ◽  
Dr. Shameem Banu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Life Style ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

We are in technical era where there is more of sedentary life style and stress along with this urbanization is affecting our quality of food and health. This is leading to many lifestyle disorders and hormonal imbalances in our body. Hypothyroidism one among the endocrinal disorder. Thyroid is an endocrinal gland secrets T3 and T4 hormones regulated by TSH which is secreted by Pituitary gland. These hormones have two major effects on the body, 1) To increase the overall metabolic rate in the body 2) To stimulate growth in children. Hypothyroidism is common health issue in India. The highest prevalence of hypothyroidism (13.1%) is noted in people aged 46-54yrs old. With people aged 18-35 yrs being less affected (7.5%). To prevent these hazards Panchakarma is beneficiary to maintain metabolic rate. Here an attempt is made to diagnose hypothyroidism in the light of Ayurveda and management guidelines through Panchakarma.

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