scholarly journals Peer Review #2 of "The role of ambient temperature and body mass on body temperature, standard metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in southern African anurans of different habitat specialisation (v0.1)"

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Habitat Specialisation ◽  
Temperature Standard

scholarly journals The role of ambient temperature and body mass on body temperature, standard metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in southern African anurans of different habitat specialisation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohlamatsane Mokhatla ◽  
John Measey ◽  
Ben Smit
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Habitat Specialisation ◽  
Wide Range

Temperature and water availability are two of the most important variables affecting all aspects of an anuran’s key physiological processes such as body temperature (Tb), evaporative water loss (EWL) and standard metabolic rate (SMR). Since anurans display pronounced sexual dimorphism, evidence suggests that these processes are further influenced by other factors such as vapour pressure deficit (VPD), sex and body mass (Mb). However, a limited number of studies have tested the generality of these results across a wide range of ecologically relevant ambient temperatures (Ta), while taking habitat use into account. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of Ta on Tb, whole-animal EWL and whole-animal SMR in three wild caught African anuran species with different ecological specialisations: the principally aquatic African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), stream-breeding common river frog (Amietia delalandii), and the largely terrestrial raucous toad (Sclerophrys capensis). Experiments were conducted at a range of test temperatures (5–35 °C, at 5 °C increments). We found that VPD better predicted rates of EWL than Ta in two of the three species considered. Moreover, we found that Tb, whole-animal EWL and whole-animal SMR increased with increasing Ta, while Tb increased with increasing Mb in A. delalandii and S. capensis but not in X. laevis. Whole-animal SMR increased with increasing Mb in S. capensis only. We did not find any significant effect of VPD, Mb or sex on whole-animal EWL within species. Lastly, Mb did not influence Tb, whole-animal SMR and EWL in the principally aquatic X. laevis. These results suggest that Mb may not have the same effect on key physiological variables, and that the influence of Mb may also depend on the species ecological specialisation. Thus, the generality of Mb as an important factor should be taken in the context of both physiology and species habitat specialisation.

Body temperature and standard metabolic rate of the female viviparous lizard Eremias multiocellata during reproduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yue ◽  
Xiao-Long Tang ◽  
De-Jiu Zhang ◽  
Xue-Feng Yan ◽  
Ying Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Eremias Multiocellata

The body temperature (Tb) and standard metabolic rate (SMR) of female Eremias multiocellata Günther, 1872, a viviparous lizard, were measured at 25, 30, and 35 °C during pregnancy and after parturition to assess energy requirement of reproduction. The results showed that the Tbs of female lizards were slightly higher than actual ambient temperature in the 25 and 30 °C groups, while they were slightly lower than ambient temperature in the 35 °C group. Ambient temperature significantly affected SMR and gestation period of females. Energy requirement was constant in nonpregnant females, whereas it was increased in pregnant females. The maximal estimates of maintenance costs of pregnancy (MCP) were 4.219, 4.220, and 4.448 mg CO2·min–1, which accounted for 19.40%, 14.15%, and 12.32% of the total metabolic rate in the 25, 30, and 35 °C group, respectively. The results indicated the MCP was an important component of total energy cost for the lizard E. multiocellata and the MCP in this lizard incurs a relative fixed energetic cost irrespective of ambient temperature.

Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis block cold-induced thermogenesis in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 834-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R Kamerman ◽  
Helen P Laburn ◽  
Duncan Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
T Test ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Oxide Synthase

N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an unspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, was administered to individually caged Sprague–Dawley rats exposed to cold (18°C) and thermoneutral (30°C) environmental temperatures during the active phase of the animals' circadian cycle. Unrestrained rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg·kg–1 L-NAME or 1 mL·kg–1 saline. Telemetry was used to measure abdominal temperature. On a separate occasion, metabolic rate and evaporative water loss were measured using indirect calorimetery, before and after the injection of 100 mg·kg–1 L-NAME, in rats exposed to the two environments. Injection of L-NAME had no significant effect on body temperature, metabolic rate, or evaporative water loss in rats exposed to the 30°C environment. In the 18°C environment, L-NAME injection caused a prolonged fall in body temperature (F(1,12) = 17.43, P = 0.001) and a significant decrease in metabolic rate (Student's t test, P = 0.001) and evaporative water loss (one-sample t test, P = 0.04). Therefore, the effects that systemic injection of L-NAME has on body temperature are dependent on environmental temperature, with nitric oxide synthase inhibition seemingly preventing the metabolic component of cold defence.Key words: N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, thermoregulation, telemetry, oxygen consumption.

Thermoregulation, Oxygen-Consumption and Water Turnover in Stubble Quail, Coturnix-Pectoralis, and King Quail, Coturnix-Chinensis

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Roberts ◽  
RV Baudinette
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature

Stubble quail occur in more arid areas of Australia than king quail; however, the rates of metabolism and the ability to regulate body temperature in response to varying ambient temperature are similar in both birds, and resemble those of other quail species. At high ambient temperatures, rates of heat loss mediated by evaporative water loss are lower than those previously reported for more xerophilic species. Overall rates of water turnover and evaporative water loss at lower ambient temperatures are at the lower end of the range predicted for birds.

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