When does a notch behave like a crack?

Author(s):  
D Dini ◽  
D A Hills

The characteristic asymptotic fields at the tip of sharp, semi-infinite cracks and notches are first compared with corresponding features present in selected finite bodies (edge cracks and notches). This gives an explicit view of the gradual divergence of the semi-infinite and finite problem solutions as the observation point becomes remote from the tip. Hence, upper bounds for the local plastic zone to be characterized by the singular field are known. Asymptotic solutions for semi-infinite rounded features are introduced, whose remote fields may be matched to the sharp singular fields through the medium of the corresponding generalized stress intensity factor. Thus the semi-infinite sharp and rounded problems converge remotely but diverge as the apex of the feature is approached. This comparison sets a lower bound for loads at which the outer boundary of the plastic zone is characterized by the singular field. Thus, the range of loads for the plastic zones to be controlled by the singular solutions are derived. We then proceed to compare critically the nature of the semi-infinite sharp notch and semi-infinite crack states of stress, defining the circumstances in which these are alike. All these elements considered together enable the closeness of various notch plastic zones to that of the classical semi-infinite crack to be gauged.

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Davidson ◽  
J. Lankford

The techniques of selected area electron channeling and positive replica examination have been used to study the plastic zones attending fatigue crack propagation in 304 SS, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, and Fe-3Si steel. These observations allowed the strain distribution at the crack tip to be determined. The results indicate that the concepts of a monotonic and a cyclic plastic zone are essentially correct, with the strains at demarcation between these two zones being 3 to 6 percent. Strain distribution varies as r−1/2 in the cyclic zone and as ln r in the monotonic plastic zone. The strain distributions for all materials studied may be made approximately coincident by using a dimensionless parameter related to distance from the crack tip.


1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Matsui ◽  
Osamu Nakada ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka

AbstractTo evaluate the plastic zones of dynamic fracture, instrumented Charpy impact tests of high carbon bearing steels are conducted. The amount of plastic zone size left on the fracture surface is evaluated from the X-ray diffraction profiles. An analysis is presented of the relationship between the X-ray diffraction profiles and fracture mechanics parameters. The results are discussed in correlations between dynamic stress intensity factor and absorbed energy values. A good correlation exists between the plastic zone size and the dynamic stress intensity factor.The fraction of retained austenite is determined from X-ray diffraction profiles at surfaces of fractures and also beneath the surfaces of fractures.It shows the work hardening is introduced by the strain energy in the plastic zones. The values of the proportionality constant, α, determined for various kinds of dynamic fracture are related to half-value breadth by the functionwhere B0 and BF are average of half-value breadth which are given by core of material and plastic zone of dynamic fracture.


1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard W. Shaffer ◽  
Eric E. Ungar

Two sets of expressions are obtained for residual stresses and deformations resulting from bending processes in which initially flat sheets are permanently deformed to sheets having finite radii of curvature. One of these sets applies for sheets whose concave surfaces have radii of curvature under load which are greater than 0.84 times the sheet thickness, and is associated with a residual plastic zone in the interior of the sheet. The other set applies whenever the afore-mentioned radii of curvature are less than 0.84 times the sheet thickness, and is associated with residual plastic zones in the bar interior and near the concave boundary of the sheet.


Author(s):  
Fei Wang

The elastic-plastic behavior of semi-submersible’s horizontal brace with a circumferential through crack which lies at its boundary was studied. Both tension and bending were considered to investigate the closed-form analytical solution. The results indicate that the tensile plastic zone and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) on the cracked section increase sharply after a smoothly increment when loads became larger. The cracked horizontal brace with a greater initial circumferential through crack has a larger tensile plastic zone and earlier compressive plastic zone appearance on the cracked section. Compared with the load of tension, the bending load has larger effect on the plastic zones of the cracked section and CTOD of the crack.


Author(s):  
Qays Nazarali ◽  
Xin Wang

In this paper, the influence of T-stress on crack-tip plastic zones under mixed-mode I and II loading conditions under cyclic loading is examined. The crack-tip stress field is defined in terms of the ranges of mixed-mode stress intensity factors and the T-stress using William’s series expansion. The crack-tip stress field is incorporated into the Von Mises yield criteria to develop an expression that determines the cyclic crack-tip plastic zone. Using the resultant expression, the cyclic plastic zone is obtained for various combinations of mode II to mode I stress intensity factor ratios and levels of T-stress. For the purpose of demonstrating the significance of the T-stress, this paper further analyses the plastic zone size for center cracked plate (CCP) specimen subjected to bi-axial mixed-mode cyclic loading.


2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Kun Zhou

The plastic zones at crack tips play a significant role in fracture behaviors of materials. In this paper, a semi-analytic solution is proposed for the plastic zone size of cracks in an elastic-perfectly plastic half-space under prescribed loading. This solution also considers the subsurface stress distribution influenced by the plastic zones at crack tips. The cracks can be treated as a distribution of edge dislocations with unknown densities by using the distributed dislocation technique. In order to calculate the plastic zone sizes of crack tips, two stripes ahead of crack tips are introduced as plastic zones based on the Dugdale model of small scale yielding. The numerical values can be determined by canceling the stress intensity factor due to the closure stress and that due to the applied load. It is noted that the plastic zone sizes are affected by the crack length and depth, yield strength of substrates and loading conditions.


2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1656-1659
Author(s):  
Zhong Ming Su ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang ◽  
Rui Liu

The problem of arches selection in primary support of loess tunnel is one of the problems that are now focused on. Based on the two type support of gird and shaped steel, the plastic zone and internal forces are mainly analyzed, by means of numerical simulation, in the loess tunnels with small interval under shallow buried & unsymmetrical pressure. Analysis results indicate that the internal forces in the gird support is slightly smaller than that of the shaped steel support, and the plastic zones are almost the same in the two type support; so it is suggested that the grid support should be adopted in the design of such tunnel from the comprehensive analysis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
E. Syomka

Для модели сжимаемого идеального изотропного упругопластического тела рассмотрена задача о полом шаре, на внешнюю и внутреннюю границы которого заданы разные давление и температура. Решается несвязанная задача в рамках теории малых деформаций. Принимается, что полные деформации равны сумме упругих и пластических деформаций, пластические деформации и напряжения связаны соотношениями ассоциированного закона течения. Упругие деформации определяются из соотношений закона Дюамеля–Неймана. Выбирается условие пластичности, не зависящее от первого инварианта тензора напряжений. При определении напряжения и деформации в пластической области рассматривается квазистатический подход, т.е. не указывается закон изменения внешних параметров воздействия (давление и температура на границах шара) до значений, принимаемых при вычислениях. В настоящей работе определены границы изменения перепада давления и температуры, для которых шар будет находиться в упругом состоянии. Установлено, что в зависимости от значений внешних параметров воздействия пластическая зона может зарождаться на внутренней или на внешней границе шара, или на внутренней и внешней границах одновременно, или между границами шара. В качестве примера приведены графики распределений напряжений, деформаций, перемещений, когда пластическая зона занимает некоторую часть, расположенную между внутренней и внешней границей шара. Приводятся графики годографа напряжений, которые являются элементами верификации решения задачи. В настоящей работе учитывается внешнее и внутреннее давление на полый шар, а также температура внешней и внутренней границы шара, что приводит к более общей постановке задачи и необходимости построения разных алгоритмов ее решения. Также определены области изменения внешних параметров, при которых полый шар находится в определенном состоянии. Ключевые слова: упругопластическое тело, теория пластического течения, температурные напряжения, полый шар, допустимые значения внешних параметров, термоупругопластичность, упругопластическая граница, эквивалентное напряжение. The problem of a hollow sphere with different pressure and temperature levels on the external and the internal boundaries has been considered for the model of an ideal compressible isotropic elastic body. An independent problem is solved within the theory of small strains. It is assumed that total deformations are equal to the sum of elastic and plastic deformations, plastic deformations and stresses are related by the relations of the associated flow law. Elastic deformations are determined by their correlation under the DuhamelNeumann law. The plasticity condition which is independent of the first invariant of the stress tensor is considered. In determination of stress and strain in the plastic range a quasi-static approach is considered, that is, the law of changing the external parameters of the action (pressure and temperature at the boundaries of the sphere) to the values assumed in the calculations is not indicated. In this article, the boundaries of the pressure drop and temperature for which the sphere will be in an elastic state are determined. It has been established that depending on the values of the external parameters of the impact, the plastic zone can occur on the inner or outer boundary of the sphere, or on the inner and outer boundaries simultaneously, or between the boundaries of the sphere. As an example, the graphs of the distributions of stresses, deformations, displacements when the plastic zone occupies a certain part located between the inner and outer boundary of the sphere are given. The stress hodograph graphs which are integral elements of verification of the solution of the problem are given. Keywords: elastoplastic body, theory of plastic flow, temperature stresses, hollow sphere, permissible values of external parameters, thermoelastic elasticity, elastic-plastic boundary, equivalent stress.


2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Matúš Turis ◽  
Oľga Ivánková

This paper deals with both size and shape of plastic zone in the vicinity of the crack edges. Determination of plastic zone is proposed using the three-dimensional finite element analysis. Both, linear elastic and elastic-plastic material models are considered in this paper. Subsequently, results of these approaches are compared and their applicability is evaluated. Geometry considered is a beam with L-shaped cross section containing a crack, as it is described below. Mentioned beam is subjected to mixed mode loading condition, that is represented by variable forces in the direction of global coordinate system. Evolution of plastic zones is observed and evaluated around the crack edges of the profile.


Author(s):  
TIEN DUNG DO ◽  
RENE LEROY ◽  
DAMIEN JOLY

The studies on mixed mode crack-tip plastic zones are one of the fundamental importance in describing the process of failure and in evaluation of the material life. The approach is also applied to predict crack initiation under mixed mode loading. The objective of this work is to study the contour of mixed mode crack-tip plastic zones, the minimum plastic zone radius (MPZR) and the direction of initial crack for aluminum alloy 2024T351 in Compact tension specimen by using Matlab software. This paper computed the shape, size of plastic zone at crack-tip and the minimum plastic zone radius with reference to the loading angle and stress intensity factor in linear elastic fracture mechanics regime for plane strain condition according to Von Mises yield criteria, the study is conducted for various loading angle. We found that the mixed mode loading (β = 60°) can lead to material fracture earlier than any mode loading.


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