Experimental investigation of the pressure drop in porous ceramic diesel particulate filters

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (9) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Stratakis ◽  
D L Psarianos ◽  
A M Stamatelos
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filters ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Soot Loading

Understanding of the mechanisms that affect flow and pressure drop in porous ceramic diesel particulate filters is important in the design optimization of this class of diesel exhaust after- treatment systems. Furthermore, determination of the parameters involved in the calculation of pressure drop as a function of collected soot mass is important for successful filter loading and regeneration modelling. This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of pressure drop as a function of the geometric and operating parameters of cordierite and SiC diesel filters. Single- cell filters from cordierite and silicon carbide were prepared to single out any effects from the complex flow processes that take place in a full-sized filter. The product of soot layer permeability and density was experimentally determined by employing a specially designed experimental apparatus. The calculation was supported by a simple computer calculation that is also presented in this paper. The distribution of soot loading inside the channels of a full-sized filter, in various loaded and partially regenerated conditions, was assessed by connecting the apparatus to discharge through selected channels of the filter. The results are shown to improve understanding of the effects of partial regeneration and fuel additive residuals on filter back pressure and flow and soot loading distribution.

Experimental study of lubricant-derived ash effects on diesel particulate filter performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741987457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Victor W Wong ◽  
Shijin Shuai ◽  
Jinzhu Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Soot Loading ◽  
Active Regeneration

Diesel particulate filters are indispensable for diesel engines to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations. A large amount of ash would accumulate in the diesel particulate filter over time, which would significantly affect the diesel particulate filter performance. In this work, the lubricant-derived ash effects on diesel particulate filter pressure drop, diesel particulate filter filtration performance, diesel particulate filter temperature field during active regeneration, and diesel particulate filter downstream emissions during active regeneration were studied on an engine test bench. The test results show that the ash accumulated in the diesel particulate filter would decrease the diesel particulate filter pressure drop due to the “membrane effect” when the diesel particulate filter ash loading is lower than about 10 g/L, beyond which the diesel particulate filter pressure drop would be increased due to the reduction of diesel particulate filter effective volume. The ash loaded in the diesel particulate filter could significantly improve the diesel particulate filter filtration efficiency because it would fill the pores of diesel particulate filter wall. The diesel particulate filter peak temperature during active regeneration is consistent with the diesel particulate filter initial actual soot loading density prior to regeneration at various diesel particulate filter ash loading levels, while the diesel particulate filter maximum temperature gradient would increase with the diesel particulate filter ash loading increase, whether the diesel particulate filter is regenerated at the same soot loading level or the same diesel particulate filter pressure drop level. The ash accumulation in the diesel particulate filter shows little effects on diesel particulate filter downstream CO, total hydrocarbons, N2O emissions, and NO2/NO x ratio during active regeneration. However, a small amount of SO2 emissions was observed when the diesel particulate filter ash loading is higher than 10 g/L. The ash accumulated in the diesel particulate filter would increase the diesel particulate filter downstream sub-23 nm particle emissions but decrease larger particle emissions during active regeneration.

Performance trends in wall-flow diesel particulate filters: Comparative analysis of their filtration efficiency and pressure drop

2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 120863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Orihuela ◽  
Ricardo Chacartegui ◽  
Aurora Gómez-Martín ◽  
Joaquín Ramírez-Rico ◽  
José A. Becerra Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filters ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Wall Flow

Investigation of Ash Formation, Accumulation, and Distribution in Diesel Particulate Filters Using Lubricant Additive Tracers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sappok ◽  
Victor W. Wong ◽  
Ryan Morrow ◽  
Ethan Zisholtz ◽  
Isaac Doustar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filters ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Chemical Tracers ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
The Impact

The accumulation of lubricant-derived ash in diesel particulate filters (DPF) adversely affects engine efficiency, and is the single most important factor limiting the filter’s useful service life. The location of the ash deposits in the DPF, whether accumulated in a layer along the channel walls or packed in a pug at the end of the channels, plays a crucial role in determining the extent to which the ash impacts filter performance. This work presents results of targeted experiments designed to carefully track the evolution of the ash deposit formation and accumulation processes. Specially-formulated lubricants containing only calcium, zinc, or magnesium additives were used as chemical tracers and applied to load the same DPF in carefully designed time-sequence variations. Subsequent filter post-mortem analysis utilized scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis to identify the chemical tracers in the ash layer and channel end-plugs. The results provide a quantitative measure of ash build-up along the channel walls, and the subsequent transport and formation of ash plugs at the end of the DPF channels. Studies with these additive tracers also showed large differences in DPF pressure drop as a function of ash chemistry. In general, calcium- and magnesium-based ash resulted in the largest increase in filter pressure drop, while ash containing primarily zinc compounds exhibited little increase in pressure drop for the same ash level in the DPF. Furthermore, despite being formulated to the same 1% total sulfated ash level, differences in ash accumulation rates between each of the lubricants provide additional insight into the magnitude of individual additives’ impact on DPF performance. Although the ash problem presents a significant challenge to lubricant and additive formulators and engine and aftertreatment system manufacturers alike, these results enhance the fundamental understanding of how ash is accumulated and distributed in the DPF. Further, the results are useful to understand the manner in which the accumulated ash affects exhaust flow restriction and filter pressure drop, as well as catalyst performance. Eventually, means of controlling both the location and packing characteristics of the ash deposits may be developed to extend DPF service life and minimize the impact of the accumulated ash on filter performance.

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