A methodology for risk-based inspection of pressurized systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Hagemeijer ◽  
G Kerkveld
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Equipment Failure ◽  
Acceptance Limits ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Managing Risk

This paper describes a methodology for risk-based inspection and focuses on the planning of inspection activities. Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) operates a large number of ageing production and evacuation facilities in the South China Sea, and is facing the challenge to identify the optimal inspection effort in a period of time when more production is required and operating costs have to be minimized. Since 1989 major investments (annual costs about 15 million US$) were made to perform base line inspections which resulted in corrective work and a large repository of equipment integrity data. These data require analysis and updating, as defined in this methodology. The challenge is for BSP to implement risk-based inspection of static equipment, which so far has been very successful. The methodology is based on the determination of risk by evaluating the consequences and the likelihood of equipment failure. Likelihood of failure is assessed, by means of extrapolation, at the future planned maintenance campaign to identify the necessary corrective work. The extrapolation is based on historical inspection and maintenance data as well as on anticipated future operating conditions. Such an analysis requires in-depth knowledge of the equipment regarding functions, operating conditions, materials, imposed potential failure modes and causes, and their controlling parameters (integrity parameters). The novelty of the method is that equipment integrity is expressed in terms of integrity parameters, which can be measured and trended. Consequently, based on defined limits for the integrity parameters (i.e. anomaly classifications), actions for managing risk to an acceptable low level can be identified. The transparent linkage between monitoring activities (e.g. inspection) and integrity parameters offers an effective framework to manage and to demonstrate integrity against clear quantifiable acceptance limits. By pursuing the above methodology for all equipment, a list of inspection activities, prioritized on equipment condition and the risk of failure, can be derived. Within BSP this has resulted in a demonstrated increased efficiency of the inspection effort, a focused strategy for repairs executed on a campaign basis, and an improved quantification of BSP's facilities integrity. The approach has been proven in the company to be practical and it can be implemented relatively quickly.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Of Failure Modes Effect Analysis (FMEA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Putri Ingen Setiasih ◽  
Purnawan Junadi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Errors ◽  
Medical Error ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Service Process ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Publication Period

Objective : One of the prevention efforts of medical errors that occur in health services is by identifying the potential failure of the service before the failure occurs. FMEA is one way to identify the risks of failure. Therefore, the authors wanted to find out whether FMEA was effective for reducing Medical error based on previous studies.Method: This article was a literature review using references in an online database such as EBSCOhost. The author found 280 articles while searching by using the keyword "FMEA". After filtered by publication period from 2012 to 2017, fulltext and language, finally got 7 articles. Finally, the author used the three most relevant literature.Result: FMEA is proven to decrease potential failure rate after follow-up to failure was done in service process, so medical error can be prevented. In the application of FMEA, bias can occur during the determination of potential failure and determination of scoring on RPN. Therefore, it is expected that the team involved in making FMEA experts in the process of service to be designed.Conclusion: FMEA could prevent medical errors by determining potential failure and following up on potential failure before failure occurs.Keywords: FMEA, healthcare, medical error.

Study about Improving the Quality Process Performance for a Steel Structures Components Assembly Using FMEA Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ileana Pascu ◽  
Daniel Paraschiv
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Working People ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Fmea Method ◽  
Quality Of Products

Analysis of failure modes and effects (FMEA) is a method of analyzing the potential failure of a product or process, to develop an action plan aimed at their prevention and increased quality of products, processes and job production environments. As a method of critical analysis, FMEA has very clear objectives aimed at: determination of the weaknesses of a technical system; initiating causes of failure-seeking components; analysis environmental impacts, safety of operation, the product value; provision of corrective actions to remove the causes of the occurrence of defects; provision of a plan to improve product quality and maintenance; determining the needs of technology and modernization of production; increasing the level of communication between departments working people hierarchical levels. FMEA should be used before taking the product. There is no point subsequently, only because customer demands, to achieve FMEA. Therefore, FMEA must be within organizational conduct. Using timely analysis FMEA - Process avoid costly modifications of the technological achievement assembly "stator Housing" by identifying potential defects, avoidance and risk and potential consequences of faults. We studied the potential causes of defects and have proposed improvements. Among these are: implementing and tracking preventive maintenance program; providing specific compliance welding; acquisition of a specialized table seating and download the blank; purchasing a scarfing machine.

Simulation and Contrast Analysis of tem Images of Cracks

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
D. Goyal ◽  
A. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Displacement Fields ◽  
Fringe Contrast ◽  
Orthogonal Geometry ◽  
Moire Fringe ◽  
Moiré Fringe

TEM images of cracks have been found to give rise to a moiré fringe type of contrast. It is apparent that the moire fringe contrast is observed because of the presence of a fault in a perfect crystal, and is characteristic of the fault geometry and the diffracting conditions in the TEM. Various studies have reported that the moire fringe contrast observed due to the presence of a crack in an otherwise perfect crystal is distinctive of the mode of crack. This paper describes a technique to study the geometry and mode of the cracks by comparing the images they produce in the TEM because of the effect that their displacement fields have on the diffraction of electrons by the crystal (containing a crack) with the corresponding theoretical images. In order to formulate a means of matching experimental images with theoretical ones, displacement fields of dislocations present (if any) in the vicinity of the crack are not considered, only the effect of the displacement field of the crack is considered.The theoretical images are obtained using a computer program based on the two beam approximation of the dynamical theory of diffraction contrast for an imperfect crystal. The procedures for the determination of the various parameters involved in these computations have been well documented. There are three basic modes of crack. Preliminary studies were carried out considering the simplest form of crack geometries, i. e., mode I, II, III and the mixed modes, with orthogonal crack geometries. It was found that the contrast obtained from each mode is very distinct. The effect of variation of operating conditions such as diffracting vector (), the deviation parameter (ω), the electron beam direction () and the displacement vector were studied. It has been found that any small change in the above parameters can result in a drastic change in the contrast. The most important parameter for the matching of the theoretical and the experimental images was found to be the determination of the geometry of the crack under consideration. In order to be able to simulate the crack image shown in Figure 1, the crack geometry was modified from a orthogonal geometry to one with a crack tip inclined to the original crack front. The variation in the crack tip direction resulted in the variation of the displacement vector also. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional micrograph of a silicon wafer with a chromium film on top, showing a crack in the silicon.

scholarly journals Surface Contamination by Antineoplastics in Hospitals: An Observational Study for Mapping of Potential Contamination Associated with Handling Excreta of Babies through Diaper Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Marie Palamini ◽  
Geneviève Mercier ◽  
Jean-François Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Hazardous Drugs

AbstractBackgroundIn the hospital setting, trace contamination with hazardous medications comes primarily from the manipulation of containers used in preparing and administering drugs. However, some traces of medications also come from the excreta of patients.MethodsThis descriptive exploratory study involved direct observation and discussion. The aim was to map potential contamination associated with handling babies’ excreta through diaper management. The study was conducted at CHU Sainte Justine (Montréal, Québec, Canada), a 500-bed mother and child facility with 38 beds for hematology-oncology and bone marrow transplant. A list of key steps related to the management of diapers by a parent or caregiver on a pediatric unit was established by the investigators. A data collection grid was then developed and reviewed by a member of the research team.ResultsA total of six diaper changes, by six distinct individuals, were observed in August and September 2019. Transport of a soiled diaper for weighing outside the baby’s room by an additional caregiver was also observed and recorded. In total, 25 individual steps in diaper management and 28 potential failure modes were identified through mapping.ConclusionsChanging a baby’s diaper involves many individual steps, which are subject to numerous failure modes that can contribute to contamination with traces of hazardous drugs. A good understanding of these process steps and failure modes is desirable to better train caregivers and parents to reduce trace contamination with hazardous drugs.

The Role of Offshore Monitoring in an Effective Deepwater Riser Integrity Management Program

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Goldsmith ◽  
Elizabeth Foyt ◽  
Madhu Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Deepwater Riser

As offshore field developments move into deeper water, one of the greatest challenges is in designing riser systems capable of overcoming the added risks of more severe environments, complicated well requirements and uncertainty of operating conditions. The failure of a primary riser component could lead to unacceptable consequences, including environmental damage, lost production and possible injury or loss of human life. Identification of the risks facing riser systems and management of these risks are essential to ensure that riser systems operate without failure. Operators have recognized the importance of installing instrumentation such as global positioning systems (GPS), vessel motion measurement packages, wind and wave sensors and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) units to monitor vessel motions and environmental conditions. Additionally, high precision monitoring equipment has been developed for capturing riser response. Measured data from these instruments allow an operator to determine when the limits of acceptable response, predicted by analysis or determined by physical limitations of the riser components, have been exceeded. Regular processing of measured data through automated routines ensures that integrity can be quickly assessed. This is particularly important following extreme events, such as a hurricane or loop current. High and medium alert levels are set for each parameter, based on design analysis and operating data. Measured data is compared with these alert levels, and when an alert level is reached, further response evaluation or inspection of the components in question is recommended. This paper will describe the role of offshore monitoring in an integrity management program and discuss the development of alert levels based on potential failure modes of the riser systems. The paper will further demonstrate how this process is key for an effective integrity management program for deepwater riser systems.

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