Paper 9: A Rotating Cylinder Viscometer for Measurement at Elevated Temperature and Pressure

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
J. Wonham
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Major Alteration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

This paper records some of the recent experimental methods used to determine the viscosity of water. In drawing attention to the many techniques used (most relying upon calibration of the instrument by a fluid of known viscosity), the conclusion may be drawn that an absolute instrument is required which will produce results over a wide range of temperature and pressure. It has long been known that the rotating cylinder viscometer is capable of a high degree of accuracy, but technical considerations have, in the past, restrained most workers from pursuing this method at high pressures. Progress in the development of the rotating cylinder instrument for these conditions is described and specific problems encountered with this method are discussed. This work is a continuation of the design studies of Kjelland-Fosterud (1)† and Whitelaw (2) who both gave considerable thought to the problems associated with this type of instrument. The first instrument to be tested by the author was based on Whitelaw's design but it was found that certain aspects of this instrument required major alteration. A new instrument was set up and has been found suitable for accurate viscosity determination.

Development and Characterization of Tapered Silicon Etch Process by Topography Modeling for TSV Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
N. Ranganathan ◽  
A. Malar ◽  
D.Y. Lee ◽  
K. Prasad ◽  
K.L. Pey
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Software ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree

A dual-etch via tapering technology has been presented which combines Bosch process and isotropic etch process. It has been shown that the dual-etch process technology provides a high degree of process flexibility to the user by independently controlling and optimizing the etch rate and profile tapering process. Based on experimental work, RIE process models have been set up using ELITE simulation software from Silvaco. Detailed DOE has been done to optimize the RIE models so that the experimental and simulation results match over a wide range of via geometries and aspect ratios. The optimized models have been further used to predict the aspect ratio induced RIE lag effects.

Viscosity of Fluids at High Pressures. Rotating Cylinder Viscometer and Viscosity ofn-Pentane

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1422-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Reamer ◽  
G. Cokelet ◽  
B. H. Sage
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

scholarly journals Capacity building for hydrological change – using a blended learning approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
H. Nacken
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Country Ownership ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Hydrological Extremes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. Extreme hydrological events have always been a challenge to societies. There is growing evidence that hydrological extremes have already become more severe in some regions. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is characterized as one of the world’s most water-scarce and driest regions, with a high dependency on climate-sensitive agriculture. There is an urgent need for capacity building programmes that prepare water professionals and communities to deal with the expected hydrological changes and extremes. The most successful capacity building programmes are the country driven ones which involve a wide range of national stakeholders, have a high degree of in-country ownership and have an applicability character. The method of choice to set up such capacity building programmes will be through blended learning.

SGS Database: use of relational databases to enhance data management for multi-site experiments

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Scott ◽  
C. J. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Desktop Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sustainable Grazing ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Over Time

Relational databases are increasingly used to manage large and complex experimental datasets. This technology was chosen to create a common database tool for a large multi-site experiment which measured aspects of the sustainability of various regionally focused grazing experiments, as part of the Sustainable Grazing Systems Program. Since the data needs of experiments expanded over time and the number of sites and subsites increased, it was necessary to adopt an evolutionary approach to creating the database. It was important that the database be customised to accommodate the wide range of experiments and the diverse needs of the many scientists involved and yet have complete conformity of structure to permit across-site queries. This paper describes the steps taken in this process and suggests how similar database projects could be implemented more efficiently in the future. As most of the scientists involved were initially new users of relational databases, there were some delays in achieving full adoption of a uniform approach to data handling. The software chosen was a commonly available desktop application which was modified using code developed to allow graphical queries, quality assurance of data, and interfacing with a purpose-built simulation model. A survey of users at the end of the project indicated that there was generally a high degree of satisfaction with the relational database developed, but it also identified areas requiring improvement. The need for developing mechanisms of sharing data and of protecting data for possible future use are briefly discussed.

Special Issue on Rescue Robots

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-473
Author(s):  
Koichi Osuka ◽  
Satoshi Tadokoro
Keyword(s):  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Project ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rescue Robots ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

This special issue brings together the many achievements on rescue robots development beginning after the Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake in Kobe. The earthquake that laid waste to most of Kobe, Seattle’s sister city, early on the morning of January 17, 1995, was a wakeup warning to robotics researchers who realized that the potential of their studies had not been realized in its greatest and most challenging arena – a disastrous earthquake where robots and similar strategies could have rescued people in situations where no other help or support was possible. Japanese robotics researchers set up academic working groups to study and promote such R&D. The national project involving key next-generation urban disaster prevention technologies includes the subtheme of rescue robots, with robotics researchers introducing concrete achievements. A Japanese national project had never used the term of rescue robots before then. Rescue robots range from simple instruments powered by human operators to intelligent machines able to operate virtually on their own. Some advanced rescue robots have built-in prime motive power and others use the latest in artificial intelligence. This special issue brings to readers a dozen articles introducing the many and varied achievements by Japanese robotics researchers covering a wide range of rescue robots. With this field poised to enter the main stream, these robots are close to practical application, and knowledge of their capabilities is essential to those able to utilize this latest technology in their current and future re search. This issue is a must to all who are interested in exploring the new world of robot rescue.

scholarly journals Thermal and Rheological Properties of Hydrophobic Nanosilica in Sunflower Oil Suspensions at High Pressures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037
Author(s):  
María J. Martín-Alfonso ◽  
Javier Pozo ◽  
Clara Delgado-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco José Martínez-Boza
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Fumed Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Nowadays, the reduction of the environmental impact associated with the operation of the oil industry is a primary concern. A growing trend is to develop low-toxicity formulations based on biodegradable components. In this sense, vegetable oils structured with nanomaterials could be an alternative to mineral or synthetic oils for sustainable fluid formulations. Hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles have the capability to change the rheological behavior of oil in suspensions, providing a large variety of non-Newtonian behaviors over a wide range of temperatures, from shear-thinning to gel-like, depending on the concentration and the nanosilica’s hydrophobicity, that permits the design of fluids with selected characteristic and applications. This work explores the microstructure and the rheological behavior of hydrophobic fumed silica dispersed in a sunflower oil as a function of temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the suspensions of hydrophobic silica in sunflower oil reveals appropriate rheological and thermal properties over a wide range of temperatures and pressures to serve as components of sustainable drilling fluids.

Assessment of Medication Calculation Skills

Nursing OSCEs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Stubbings
Keyword(s):  
Medication Administration ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Dosage Calculation ◽  
Medication Dosage ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
Nursing Courses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Nursing Course

Accuracy with medication dosage calculation is key to safe practice for a nurse. However, errors are not uncommon and seem to be increasing in frequency and some of them lead to harm or death to patients (NPSA 2009). The NMC (2010), in its essential skills clusters, requires baseline skills for calculating medicines, nutrition and fluids. It also requires that, by completion of a nursing course, an individual will be competent in the process of medication related calculation involving tablets and capsules, liquid medicines, injections and IV infusions. Part of this competence is making judgements about what calculations to use, how to do them, what degree of accuracy is appropriate and what the answer means in relation to the context. Passing an assessment of medication dosage calculation skills should be seen as only one aspect of developing the competence to practise safely. There are three possible approaches to assessment on nursing courses: If this is how medication related calculation skills are assessed on your course, you should feel confident that it has a high degree of validity (that is, the assessment is very real, since it is done in a real clinical environment). However, the many variables in a clinical setting mean that the assessment can be considered low in reliability (that is, that the same level of medication related calculation skill would be assessed each time). If your course requires this sort of assessment, ensure you find out exactly what is being assessed. Is the assessment just about calculation of medication dosages, or are other aspects of medication administration also being tested (e.g. assessment of patient prior to administration, interpersonal skills with patients, administration, documentation)? Documentation of medication administered is very important in nursing practice, so this aspect is likely to be included. If this is how medication related calculation skills are assessed on your course, you should feel confident that it has a high degree of reliability (that is, assessment can be carried out in the same way with each student) and the level of validity is quite high too (that is, it will be set up like a real clinical environment).

Belgium

2010 ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Kathy Belpaeme ◽  
Hannelore Maelfait
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

The Belgian Coastal Atlas was published as a book in 2004, triggered by reporting obligations regarding Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the European Commission on the state of the Belgian coast. Initially there was no intention to move towards a web version. The many enquiries for digital information and interactive maps led to the development of a web based atlas in 2005. This chapter describes the content and set-up of the Belgian coastal atlas, which is quite different from other online atlases. The usage statistics and the success of the atlas are analyzed. Future directions for the atlas are discussed and the possibility to link the atlas to coastal sustainability indicators is considered. The Belgian atlas should develop towards a policy support tool, supporting the ICZM process for a wide range of coastal actors, planners and managers.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

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