Assessment of Medication Calculation Skills

Nursing OSCEs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Stubbings
Keyword(s):  
Medication Administration ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Dosage Calculation ◽  
Medication Dosage ◽  
Calculation Skills ◽  
Nursing Courses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Nursing Course

Accuracy with medication dosage calculation is key to safe practice for a nurse. However, errors are not uncommon and seem to be increasing in frequency and some of them lead to harm or death to patients (NPSA 2009). The NMC (2010), in its essential skills clusters, requires baseline skills for calculating medicines, nutrition and fluids. It also requires that, by completion of a nursing course, an individual will be competent in the process of medication related calculation involving tablets and capsules, liquid medicines, injections and IV infusions. Part of this competence is making judgements about what calculations to use, how to do them, what degree of accuracy is appropriate and what the answer means in relation to the context. Passing an assessment of medication dosage calculation skills should be seen as only one aspect of developing the competence to practise safely. There are three possible approaches to assessment on nursing courses: If this is how medication related calculation skills are assessed on your course, you should feel confident that it has a high degree of validity (that is, the assessment is very real, since it is done in a real clinical environment). However, the many variables in a clinical setting mean that the assessment can be considered low in reliability (that is, that the same level of medication related calculation skill would be assessed each time). If your course requires this sort of assessment, ensure you find out exactly what is being assessed. Is the assessment just about calculation of medication dosages, or are other aspects of medication administration also being tested (e.g. assessment of patient prior to administration, interpersonal skills with patients, administration, documentation)? Documentation of medication administered is very important in nursing practice, so this aspect is likely to be included. If this is how medication related calculation skills are assessed on your course, you should feel confident that it has a high degree of reliability (that is, assessment can be carried out in the same way with each student) and the level of validity is quite high too (that is, it will be set up like a real clinical environment).

Paper 9: A Rotating Cylinder Viscometer for Measurement at Elevated Temperature and Pressure

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
J. Wonham
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Major Alteration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

This paper records some of the recent experimental methods used to determine the viscosity of water. In drawing attention to the many techniques used (most relying upon calibration of the instrument by a fluid of known viscosity), the conclusion may be drawn that an absolute instrument is required which will produce results over a wide range of temperature and pressure. It has long been known that the rotating cylinder viscometer is capable of a high degree of accuracy, but technical considerations have, in the past, restrained most workers from pursuing this method at high pressures. Progress in the development of the rotating cylinder instrument for these conditions is described and specific problems encountered with this method are discussed. This work is a continuation of the design studies of Kjelland-Fosterud (1)† and Whitelaw (2) who both gave considerable thought to the problems associated with this type of instrument. The first instrument to be tested by the author was based on Whitelaw's design but it was found that certain aspects of this instrument required major alteration. A new instrument was set up and has been found suitable for accurate viscosity determination.

scholarly journals Highly Compact Through-Wire Microstrip to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6885
Author(s):  
Marcos D. Fernandez ◽  
José A. Ballesteros ◽  
Angel Belenguer
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coaxial Line ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Central Layer ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Integrated Technology ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree

Empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL) technology preserves the many advantages of the substrate integrated technology waveguides, such as low cost, low profile, or integration in a printed circuit board (PCB); in addition, ESICL is non-dispersive and has low radiation. To date, only two transitions have been proposed in the literature that connect the ESICL to classical planar lines such as grounded coplanar and microstrip. In both transitions, the feeding planar lines and the ESICL are built in the same substrate layer and they are based on transformed structures in the planar line, which must be in the central layer of the ESICL. These transitions also combine a lot of metallized and non-metallized parts, which increases the complexity of the manufacturing process. In this work, a new through-wire microstrip-to-ESICL transition is proposed. The feeding lines and the ESICL are implemented in different layers, so that the height of the ESICL can be independently chosen. In addition, it is a highly compact transition that does not require a transformer and can be freely rotated in its plane. This simplicity provides a high degree of versatility in the design phase, where there are only four variables that control the performance of the transition.

Effects of high and low doses of methimazole in patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S312-S317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Benker ◽  
D. Reinwein ◽  
H. Creutzig ◽  
H. Hirche ◽  
W. D. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In spite of the long-established use of antithyroid drugs, there are many unsettled questions connected with this treatment of Graves' disease. There is a lack of controlled prospective trials studying the results of antithyroid drug therapy while considering the many variables such as disease heterogeneity, regional differences, drug dosage and duration of treatment. Therefore, a multicenter study has been set up in order to compare the effects of two fixed doses of methimazole (10 vs 40 mg) with thyroid hormone supplementation on the clinical, biochemical and immunological course of Graves' disease and on remission rates. Experience accumulated so far suggests that treatment is safe using either 10 or 40 mg of methimazole. While there is a tendency for an advantage of the higher dose within the first weeks (higher effectiveness in controlling hyperthyroidism), this difference is not significant. The impact of dosage on remission rates remains to be shown.

Pediatric Nurse Performance on a Medication Dosage Calculation Assessment Tool

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. e133-e140
Author(s):  
Debra Ridling ◽  
Pamela Christensen ◽  
Leslie R. Harder ◽  
Nancy Gove ◽  
Stephanie Gore
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Dosage Calculation ◽  
Medication Dosage

scholarly journals A new methodology for monitoring P. oceanica meadows in Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo MPA using GIS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieraugusto Panzalis ◽  
Andrea Deiana ◽  
Sarah Caronni ◽  
Augusto Navone
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Continuous Mapping ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Regular Grid ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are acknowledged globally as effective tools for the protection and management of the marine environment; however, to get effective results it is necessary to set up a proper and continuous mapping of the marine territory, in order to gain detailed knowledge of its different aspects. Therefore, the implementation and maintenance of a modern GIS (Geographic Information System) has become an indispensable task for the MPA of Tavolara - Punta Coda Cavallo to collect, aggregate, classify, and track the conducted mapping activities. Between 2011 and 2012 the sea bottom of the MPA was surveyed using different methods: by means of a multi-beam echo sounder and of a side scan sonar, as well as conducting fast scientific scuba divings with re-breathers and underwater position system technologies. High resolution geodatasets, characterized by a significantly high quality in representing and describing the sea bottom and its habitats, were produced in both feature (scale up to 1:1.250) and raster formats (up to 30cm/pixel for sonar images and 1m/pixel for bathymetry) and they currently constitute the basis of the MPA's GIS, including its 3D applications and its web map services for desktop and mobile devices (iPhone & Android). To update the above described geodatasets during time, acquiring new data on the conservation targets considered in monitoring activities, among which the status of P. oceanica meadows is of the most important ones, a long term mapping plan was realized on the basis of an innovative methodology elaborated by the MPA considering both the wideness of the area and the limited funds available at present. The whole MPA was divided in territorial units by means of a regular grid of square cells having a 100m side with the logic of starting the mapping activities from the mainly important areas and then to spread the surveys up to fill the whole mosaic. All the new data acquired with this methodology could then be mixed, compared and indexed within the same cell and/or in the many already available geodatases, starting from those dated 2006 having a regular grid with square cells of 500m per side.

scholarly journals En dynamisk kulturarv – Dybbøls 12 metamorfoser

1970 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Inge Andriansen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
North East ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Dybbøl is the brow of a hill located about 30 km north-east of the border between Denmark and Germany. This area was once the former Danish Duchy of Schleswig, which was under German rule in the period from 1864 to 1920. Dybbøl was also the site of intense fighting during the Schleswig-Holstein Revolt of 1848–50 and the Danish-German War of 1864. There are remains of both Danish and German fortifications and earthworks, along with large mass graves in which troops from Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein and Germany lie buried. After a plebiscite about the placing of the border was held in 1920, Schleswig was divided up, and the northern part – which included Dybbøl – became part of Denmark. This was followed by a comprehensive ”Danishification” of the cultural landscape, which had previously been dominated by a large Prussian victory monument and numerous German memorial stones. A Danish national park was set up at Dybbøl in 1924, with the backing of the local population and financial sup- port from a national collection appeal, and formally opened by the Danish prime minister. After this, Dybbøl became the epitome of the institutionalised cultural heritage of the state of Denmark, and would almost certainly be included in any ”cultural canon” of the most significant geographical locations that have helped shape the Danish sense of national identity. However, Dybbøl also features another – less comfortable – aspect of the Danish cultural heritage, bearing witness to Danish acts of vandalism perpetrated against the German monuments found here. Any study of the use of the history associated with Dybbøl uncovers layer upon layer of episodes that speak of conflicting interests and countless metamorphoses that led to the site being imbued with new values and a sequence of new identities. And in step with the resurgence of nationalist sentiments in Denmark since the mid-1980s, there has been a corresponding, strengthened re-annexation of the cultural heritage associated with Dybbøl. The need to cling on to and retain establis- hed, familiar positions and a fundamental sense of belonging are well-known aspects of the process of globalisation, and are seen throughout the world. In Dybbøl, this deep-felt need has resulted in the construction of a Danish fortification, and the Danish flag flying atop the many flagpoles has become more frequent sight. This process can also be interpreted as an expression of Danish foreign policy taking on a more active role in the world.

scholarly journals Direito à saúde à população em situação de rua

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussiana Pereira Nascimento ◽  
Carolina Teixeira Santos ◽  
Sheylla Nayara Salles Vieira ◽  
Tatiana Costa Nery ◽  
Gislene Sanches Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Street People ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nursing Course

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever a experiência de uma oficina realizada com pessoas em situação de rua sobre Direito à Saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado durante o desenvolvimento da disciplina Saúde do Homem de um Curso de Enfermagem. Elencou-se como campo da pesquisa um Centro de Referência Especializado para População em Situação de Rua que atende 18 usuários de ambos os sexos, jovens, adultos e idosos. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de relato. Resultados: observou-se que a percepção dos usuários em relação ao conceito de saúde está atrelada ao senso de saúde como a ausência da doença, e apenas um participante demonstrou um conhecimento mais amplo sobre a percepção de saúde ao usar o termo felicidade para afirmar que é saudável. Conclusão: entende-se que as políticas públicas voltadas para a validação do direito à saúde à população em situação de rua ainda precisam ser aperfeiçoadas com a execução de estratégias específicas que tenham o intuito de promover e proteger a saúde de tais indivíduos que são extremamente vulneráveis ao adoecimento. Descritores: Direito à Saúde; População em Situação de Rua; Políticas Públicas; Consultórios na Rua; Saúde Pública; Acolhimento.ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the experience of a workshop held with street people on the Right to Health. Method: this is a descriptive study, an experience report, carried out during the development of the discipline Saúde Man in a Nursing Course. As a field of research, a Special Reference Center for Population in Street Situation was set up, serving 18 users of both sexes, young people, adults and the elderly. The results were presented in the form of a report. Results: it was observed that the perception of the users in relation to the concept of health is linked to the sense of health as the absence of the disease, and only one participant demonstrated a wider knowledge about the health perception when using the term happiness to affirm that It's healthy. Conclusion: it is understood that public policies aimed at the validation of the right to health for the street population still need to be improved with the implementation of specific strategies aimed at promoting and protecting the health of such individuals who are extremely vulnerable to illness. Descritores: Right to Health; Homeless Population; Public Policy; Offices on the Street; Public Health; Host. RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la experiencia de un taller realizado con personas en situación de calle sobre Derecho a la Salud. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia, realizado durante el desarrollo de la asignatura Salud del Hombre de un Curso de Enfermería. Se estableció como campo de investigación un Centro de Referencia Especializado para Población en Situación de Calle que atiende a 18 usuarios de ambos sexos, jóvenes, adultos y ancianos. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de relato. Resultados: se observó que la percepción de los usuarios en relación al concepto de salud está relacionada al sentido de salud como la ausencia de la enfermedad, y sólo un participante demostró un conocimiento más amplio sobre la percepción de salud al usar el término felicidad para afirmar que es saludable. Conclusión: se entiende que las políticas públicas orientadas a la validación del derecho a la salud a la población en situación de calle todavía necesitan ser perfeccionadas con la ejecución de estrategias específicas que tengan la intención de promover y proteger la salud de tales individuos que son extremadamente vulnerables a la enfermedad. Descritores: Derecho a la Salud; Población en Situación de Calle; Políticas Públicas; Consultorios en la Calle; Salud Pública; Recepción.

scholarly journals From ‘ontological metaphor’ to semiotic make-believe: giving shape and substance to fictive objects of conception with the ‘globe gesture’

Signo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (70) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Remi Lapaire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree

Speakers are moving cognizers who engage in bodily acts of conceptualization. The “globe gesture” is among the most spectacular forms of “manual thinking” (Streeck 2009) used in formal talk. A characterization of the kinesic action typical of the “globe gesture” is first provided that shows how “the image of a bounded, supportable object” is created (McNeill 1992) and set up in gesture space. As conceptual objects are created and masses of semantic substance fashioned, visible shape is given to shapeless mental representations. A powerful semiotic trick is performed with a simple cognitive artifact. Interestingly, a willing suspension of disbelief is required of speakers and listeners who must temporarily give up their rational conceptions of visibility, materiality and palpability to watch the symbolic manipulation of invisible objects. The basic expressive properties of the “globe gesture” are next characterized: outlining and isolating objects of conception; neutralizing semantic specification; establishing a joint focus of attention and imagination; shaping, displaying and unifying content; creating a sense of reality and existence through physical presence. Iconic modifications of the standard metaphoric hand configuration, virtuosic elaborations and creative blends are finally examined before reporting the results of an experimental study of the globe gesture’s heuristic properties in a controlled environment. 14 students attending a multimodal “kineflective” seminar used the hand configuration to engage in “choreographic thinking” (Forsythe 2009) and develop a haptic understanding of derivation, nominalization, substantivation, conceptual reification. The globe gesture acted as a facilitator so long as a high degree of generality was maintained but was promptly discarded when words with a strong emotional appeal were introduced (e.g. sadness, madness). Emblems and iconic gestures were spontaneously performed instead.

Logic of many-sorted theories

1952 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Identity Relation ◽  
Predicate Calculus ◽  
Axiomatic Theory ◽  
Quantification Theory ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Usual Theory ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Axiomatic Systems

Certain axiomatic systems involve more than one category of fundamental objects; for example, points, lines, and planes in geometry; individuals, classes of individuals, etc. in the theory of types or in predicate calculi of orders higher than one. It is natural to use variables of different kinds with their ranges respectively restricted to different categories of objects, and to assume as substructure the usual quantification theory (the restricted predicate calculus) for each of the various kinds of variables together with the usual theory of truth functions for the formulas of the system. An axiomatic theory set up in this manner will be called many-sorted. We shall refer to the theory of truth functions and quantifiers in it as its (many-sorted) elementary logic, and call the primitive symbols and axioms (including axiom schemata) the proper primitive symbols and proper axioms of the system. Our purpose in this paper is to investigate the many-sorted systems and their elementary logics.Among the proper primitive symbols of a many-sorted system Tn (n = 2, …, ω) there may be included symbols of some or all of the following kinds: (1) predicates denoting the properties and relations treated in the system; (2) functors denoting the functions treated in the system; (3) constant names for certain objects of the system. We may either take as primitive or define a predicate denoting the identity relation in Tn.

Colonization of depopulated crinoids by symbionts: who comes from the bottom and who from the water column?

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Mekhova ◽  
P.Y. Dgebuadze ◽  
V.N. Mikheev ◽  
T.A. Britayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Previous experiments with the comatulid Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter, 1881) demonstrated intensive host-to-host migration processes for almost all symbiotic species both within host aggregations and among hosts separated by several metres. The aim of this study was to check the ability of symbionts to complete long-distance migrations, by means of two in situ experiments which depopulated the crinoid host. Two different sets of field experiments were set up: exposure of depopulated crinoids (set 1) on stony ‘islands’ isolated from native crinoid assemblages by sandy substrate, and (set 2) in cages suspended in the water column. Hosts from set 1 were exposed for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to assess whether substrate has an influence on the symbionts' long-distance migrations. In set 2 cages were exposed for 10–11 days, aiming to check whether symbionts were able to disperse through the water column with currents. These experiments allow the conclusion that post-settled symbionts can actively migrate among their hosts. Symbionts are able to reach their hosts by employing two different ‘transport corridors’, by drifting or swimming in water column, and by moving on the bottom. Comparison of experimental results allows the division of symbionts into two conventional groups according to the dispersal ability of their post-settled stages: (1) species able to complete long-distance migrations, (2) species unable to migrate or having limited dispersal ability. The finding of the free-living shrimp Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922 in set 2 raises the question about the factors that affect such a high degree of specialization of crinoid assemblages.

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