scholarly journals A wide-range (up to 1010 P) rotating cylinder viscometer

1965 ◽  
Vol 69A (5) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Napolitano ◽  
Pedro B. Macedo ◽  
Earl G. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

Paper 9: A Rotating Cylinder Viscometer for Measurement at Elevated Temperature and Pressure

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
J. Wonham
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Major Alteration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

This paper records some of the recent experimental methods used to determine the viscosity of water. In drawing attention to the many techniques used (most relying upon calibration of the instrument by a fluid of known viscosity), the conclusion may be drawn that an absolute instrument is required which will produce results over a wide range of temperature and pressure. It has long been known that the rotating cylinder viscometer is capable of a high degree of accuracy, but technical considerations have, in the past, restrained most workers from pursuing this method at high pressures. Progress in the development of the rotating cylinder instrument for these conditions is described and specific problems encountered with this method are discussed. This work is a continuation of the design studies of Kjelland-Fosterud (1)† and Whitelaw (2) who both gave considerable thought to the problems associated with this type of instrument. The first instrument to be tested by the author was based on Whitelaw's design but it was found that certain aspects of this instrument required major alteration. A new instrument was set up and has been found suitable for accurate viscosity determination.

scholarly journals Flow-induced vibrations of a rotating cylinder in an arbitrary direction

2018 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 739-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Bourguet
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arbitrary Direction ◽  
Fast Rotation ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Symmetrical Configuration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations ◽  
The Impact

The flow-induced vibrations of an elastically mounted circular cylinder, free to oscillate in an arbitrary direction and forced to rotate about its axis, are examined via two- and three-dimensional simulations, at a Reynolds number equal to 100, based on the body diameter and inflow velocity. The behaviour of the flow–structure system is investigated over the entire range of vibration directions, defined by the angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ between the direction of the current and the direction of motion, a wide range of values of the reduced velocity $U^{\star }$ (inverse of the oscillator natural frequency) and three values of the rotation rate (ratio between the cylinder surface and inflow velocities), $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in \{0,1,3\}$, in order to cover the reference non-rotating cylinder case, as well as typical slow and fast rotation cases. The oscillations of the non-rotating cylinder ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=0$) develop under wake-body synchronization or lock-in, and their amplitude exhibits a bell-shaped evolution, typical of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), as a function of $U^{\star }$. When $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ is increased from $0^{\circ }$ to $90^{\circ }$ (or decreased from $180^{\circ }$ to $90^{\circ }$), the bell-shaped curve tends to monotonically increase in width and magnitude. For all angles, the flow past the non-rotating body is two-dimensional with formation of two counter-rotating spanwise vortices per cycle. The behaviour of the system remains globally the same for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=1$. The principal effects of the slow rotation are a slight amplification of the VIV-like responses and widening of the vibration windows, as well as a limited asymmetry of the responses and forces about the symmetrical configuration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}=90^{\circ }$. The impact of the fast rotation ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=3$) is more pronounced: VIV-like responses persist over a range of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ but, outside this range, the system is found to undergo a transition towards galloping-like oscillations characterised by amplitudes growing unboundedly with $U^{\star }$. A quasi-steady modelling of fluid forcing predicts the emergence of galloping-like responses as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ is varied, which suggests that they could be mainly driven by the mean flow. It, however, appears that flow unsteadiness and body motion remain synchronised in this vibration regime where a variety of multi-vortex wake patterns are uncovered. The interaction with flow dynamics results in deviations from the quasi-steady prediction. The successive steps in the evolution of the vibration amplitude versus $U^{\star }$, linked to wake pattern switch, are not captured by the quasi-steady approach. The flow past the rapidly-rotating, vibrating cylinder becomes three-dimensional over an interval of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ including the in-line oscillation configuration, with only a minor effect on the system behaviour.

Apparent Viscosity and Rheological Behavior of Aluminum-Alloy Slurry Containing Nano-Sized SiC Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Kang Lu ◽  
Shu Sen Wu ◽  
Shu Lin Lü ◽  
Chong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Viscous Force ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

The apparent viscosity and rheological behavior of nanoSiCP/Al-5Cu composites were studied by using a high temperature coaxial rotating cylinder viscometer. The results show that mass fraction of nanoSiCP is an important factor for apparent viscosity of the nanoSiCP/Al-5Cu composites, and there is a great enhancement of apparent viscosity of the slurry with the increase of nanoSiCp content. It can attribute to the viscous force between nanoSiCp and matrix alloy melt above the liquidus. The increased amplitude of apparent viscosity in semi-solid state is far less than those in liquid state with the increase of mass fraction of nanoSiCp. The apparent viscosities of the composites reinforced with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% nanoSiCp at 700°C were 24.78%, 95.25%, 160.29% and 228.62% higher than that of Al-5Cu alloy, respectively. Besides, the rheological model of nanoSiCP/Al-5Cu composites was established based on the fitting curve, which can precisely describe the relationship between the apparent viscosity of nanocomposites slurry and nanoSiCp mass fraction.

Measurements of Diabatic Flow in an Annulus With an Inner Rotating Cylinder

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Becker ◽  
Joseph Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Adiabatic Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Phenomena

The present paper is part of the second phase of an investigation of the phenomena and variables which control the rate of heat transfer in the air gap of a rotating electrical machine. Experimental data for diabatic flow in an annulus are summarized and compared with the results of previous studies. The data are examined in terms of the types of flow processes occurring in an annulus, and it is found that the results for diabatic flow clearly confirm those obtained for adiabatic flow in showing the existence of three, and possibly four, modes of flow in this annulus. These modes are: (1) Laminar flow; (2) laminar-plus-Taylor-vortexes flow; (3) turbulent flow; (4) turbulent-plus-vortexes flow. The heat-transfer data were subdivided into the following two limiting cases and one general case: Case A. Axial flow with zero rotation. Case B. Rotation of inner cylinder with zero axial flow. Case C. General case of combined axial flow and rotation. The heat-transfer data from this study and of previous investigations were correlated in terms of Reynolds number and Taylor number over a wide range of these variables in terms of fairly simple equations. Radial temperature profiles in the annular gap were measured for the diabatic flow and aided in the understanding of the different flow phenomena in the annulus with an inner rotating cylinder.

Experiments with a rotating cylinder viscometer in liquid helium II

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hollis-Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Mutual Friction ◽  
Rotating Fluid ◽  
Helium Ii ◽  
Lambda Point ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

ABSTRACTLiquid helium II was contained in the annular space between two co-axial cylinders, the inner of which was suspended by a torsion fibre while the outer was rotated at constant speeds. The torque upon the inner cylinder produced by the rotating fluid was measured for various steady velocities between 0·1 and 3 cm.sec.1, and was not found to be directly proportional to the velocity of rotation at any temperature between the lambda-point and 1·15° K. This result suggests that there must be some new type of non-linear frictional force acting in the liquid, possibly in addition to the Gorter-Mellink force of mutual friction.Extrapolation of the experimental results to zero velocity gives values of the coefficient of viscosity of the normal component which agree with the oscillating disk values between the lambda-point and about 1·6° K. At lower temperatures, the present results are significantly lower, suggesting, perhaps, that the values of the normal component density used in the analysis of the oscillating disk results were too low.

scholarly journals Vibrational Suspension of Light Sphere in a Tilted Rotating Cylinder with Liquid

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Victor G. Kozlov ◽  
Stanislav V. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Rotation ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Axial Component ◽  
Rotating Cavity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Transversal Vibrations ◽  
End Wall

The dynamics of a light sphere in a quickly rotating inclined cylinder filled with liquid under transversal vibrations is experimentally investigated. Due to inertial oscillations of the sphere relative to the cavity, its rotation velocity differs from the cavity one. The intensification of the lagging motion of a sphere and the excitation of the outstripping differential rotation are possible under vibrations. It occurs in the resonant areas where the frequency of vibrations coincides with the fundamental frequency of the system. The position of the sphere in the center of the cylinder could be unstable. Different velocities of the sphere are matched with its various quasistationary positions on the axis of rotating cavity. In tilted rotating cylinder, the axial component of the gravity force appears; however, the light sphere does not float to the upper end wall but gets the stable position at a definite distance from it. It makes possible to provide a vibrational suspension of the light sphere in filled with liquid cavity rotating around the vertical axis. It is found that in the wide range of the cavity inclination angles the sphere position is determined by the dimensionless velocity of body differential rotation.

Viscosity of Fluids at High Pressures. Rotating Cylinder Viscometer and Viscosity ofn-Pentane

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1422-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Reamer ◽  
G. Cokelet ◽  
B. H. Sage
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

The Rheology of Raw Rubber

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Rotating Cylinder ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Mechanical Working ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Cylinder Viscometer

Abstract The scientific measurement of the rheological properties of raw or unvulcanized rubber is a problem that has required new methods in rheological laboratory technic. Hot, moderately milled, or masticated raw rubber exhibits to a very marked degree each of the three properties of elasticity, plasticity, and thixotropy. It is highly elastic (not perfectly elastic), in that if deformed and released quickly it can take a large deformation and still return to its initial form. It is highly plastic, in that under proper conditions it can be deformed to any given extent permanently and without rupture. It is highly thixotropic, in that its viscosity or stiffness is very considerably decreased by brief mechanical working or mastication, and the lost viscosity is largely regained again when the mastication ceases. Obviously such a wide and varied range in rheological properties cannot be measured in either of the two types of rheological instruments, the compression and the extrusion plastometers, commonly used for raw rubber. There is no way in either instrument to determine or correct for thixotropy; and the viscosity can only be calculated with considerable uncertainty and difficulty. For example, thixotropy has not been considered in either of the already very complicated analyses of parallel plate plastometry by Peek and by Scott. Peek and Erickson have attempted to analyze the effects of thixotropy and elasticity in capillary tube viscometry without obtaining a complete or generally useful solution. However useful the compression and extrusion plastometers may be in factory control work, they are inadequate as scientific research instruments. The rotating cylinder viscometer seems to be the only type of instrument that meets the requirements of the problem considered. It allows an unlimited deformation of the test material, the previous deformation history can be controlled at will, and the subsequent elastic recovery can be measured if desired. There are two serious deficiencies of the conventional cylindrical viscometer, as applied to raw rubber, in that, first, the rubber, being semi-solid, would be likely to slip on the moving surfaces; secondly, if the rubber did not slip but sheared as it should, it would soon roll and climb out of the viscometer against the force of gravity. These deficiencies can be corrected, first, by fluting or otherwise roughening the cylindrical surfaces so that they grip the rubber and prevent slipping; secondly, by adding means for compressing and holding the rubber in place. The combined use of these two devices in a factory control instrument, the rotating disc plastometer, has already been described; and a rotating cylinder viscometer with similar features was referred to in the same article. The cylindrical viscometer there referred to was used in the experimental researches described below. Since this instrument is so different in several respects from the conventional cylindrical viscometers and, furthermore, is designed to facilitate the measurement of thixotropy and elastic recovery as well as viscosity, it seems appropriate to give it a new name and call it a rubber rheometer.

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