Tests on Transport Producer-Gas Units

1943 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Harold Heywood
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Research Association ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Full Throttle

The experimental plant installed by the British Coal Utilisation Research Association for testing gas-producers, filters, and engines is described in detail. The results of tests on the engine bench show that a petrol engine converted to use producer gas will only develop about one-half of the normal brake horse-power; moreover, the peak power with gas occurs at a lower speed than with petrol, due to the decrease in volumetric efficiency at high speeds. The effect of increasing the compression ratio was not investigated by the author, but tests by other workers have shown that the gain in power obtained by this means is proportional to the increase in the air standard efficiency. Producer gas-driven engines are very sensitive to mixture strength, and maximum power is obtained with mixtures of gas and air in the proportions theoretically required for the combustion of the gas. Maximum efficiency is obtained with a mixture containing 10 per cent of excess air. Engine tests have also been made to investigate the effect of gas calorific value, of the pressure drop through the producer system, and of petrol addition. Special tests were made to determine the flexibility characteristics of the engine and producer, and the effect of running with various throttle openings, as in actual road operation. Fuel consumption under the latter conditions is about 35 per cent greater than that determined under full-throttle and constant-speed conditions.

Utilization of hydrogen in low calorific value producer gas derived from municipal solid waste and biodiesel for diesel engine power generation application

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Yaliwal ◽  
N.R. Banapurmath ◽  
R.S. Hosmath ◽  
S.V. Khandal ◽  
Wojciech M. Budzianowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Engine Power

High Energy Efficiency With Low-Pressure Drop Configuration for an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
S. Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Electrolyte Circulation ◽  
Vanadium Redox

In this paper, we present experimental studies of electrochemical performance of an all-vanadium redox flow battery cell employing an active area of 103 cm2, activated carbon felt, and a novel flow field, which ensures good electrolyte circulation at low pressure drops. Extended testing over 151 consecutive charge/discharge cycles has shown steady performance with an energy efficiency of 84% and capacity fade of only 0.26% per cycle. Peak power density of 193 mW cm−2 has been obtained at an electrolyte circulation rate of 114 ml min−1, which corresponds to stoichiometric factor of 4.6. The present configuration of the cell shows 20% improved in peak power and 30% reduction in pressure drop when compared to a similar cell with a different electrode and a serpentine flow field.

Performance evaluation of throat type updraft biomass gasifier using different biomass fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
D. K. Vyas ◽  
J. Sravankumar ◽  
J. J. Chavda
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Agro Residues

A biomass gasifier converts solid fuel such as wood waste, saw-dust briquettes and agro-residues into a gaseous fuel through a thermo-chemical process and the resultant gas can be used for thermal and power generation applications. The present research aims to evaluate the updraft biomass gasifier using different biomass for thermal application. The capacity of updraft gasifier was a 5-10 kg.h-1 and three types of biomass: maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes were used as fuel for producing producer gas by thermal application. The maximum carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and Methane (CH4) found were 14.8, 12.7 and 3.9%, 14.6, 13.7 and 3.9 % and 14.2, 13.5 and 3.9% at 5 kg.h-1 biomass consumption rate, respectively using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel. The maximum and minimum producer gas calorific value was found 1120 and 1034 kcal.m-3; 1139 and 1034 kcal.m-3 and 1123 and 1036 kcal.m-3 at biomass consumption rate of 5 and 10 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel respectively. The maximum gasifier efficiency of 77.94, 70.26 and 69.60% was found at the biomass consumption rate of 5 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel, respectively. The minimum gasifier efficiency of 72.72, 64.49 and 64.90 % was found at the biomass consumption rate of 10 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel in the system, respectively. The maximum overall thermal efficiency of 29.60, 30.65 and 23.69 % were found at the biomass consumption rates of 8, 7 and 7 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes, respectively.

Studies on Increasing Specific Calorific Value of Producer Gas in Auto-gasification of Wooden Pallets by Steam Injection

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
G. Prabakaran ◽  
S. Mathiyazhagan ◽  
C. V. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
N. Gunaseelan ◽  
V. Kirubakaran
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Producer Gas

Operation of a Circulating Fluidised Bed Biomass Gasifier

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanyi Chen ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Michel P. Glazer ◽  
Chunlei Zhang ◽  
J. Andries
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tar Cracking ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Circulating Fluidised Bed

Energy generation from the use of biomass is gaining an increasing attention. Gasification of biomass at present, is widely accepted as a popular technical route to produce fuel gas for the application in boilers, engine, gas/micro turbine or fuel cell. Up to now, most of researchers have focused their attentions only on fixed-bed gasification and fluidised bed gasification under air-blown conditions. In that case, the producer gas is contaminated by high tar contents and particles which could lead to the corrosion and wear of blades of turbine. Furthermore, both the technologies, particularly fixed bed gasification, are not flexible for using multiple biomass-fuel types and also not feasible economically and environmentally for large scale application up to 10∼50 MWth. An innovative circulating fluidised bed concept has been considered in our laboratory for biomass gasification thereby overcoming these challenges. The concept combines and integrates partial oxidation, fast pyrolysis (with an instantaneous drying), gasification, and tar cracking, as well as a shift reaction, with the purpose of producing a high quality of gas, in terms of low tar level and particulates carried out in the producer gas, and overall emissions reduction associated with the combustion of producer gas. This paper describes our innovative concept and presents some experimental results. The results indicate that the gas yield can be above 1.80Nm3/kg with the calorific value of 4.5–5.0MJ/Nm3, and the fluctuation of the gas yield during the period of operation is 3.3%–3.5% for the temperature of 750–800 °C. In genera, the results achieved support our concept as a promising alternative for the gasifier coupled with micro/gas turbine to generate electricity.

Installation for raising the calorific value of producer gas

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 333-333
Author(s):  
S. N. Tuzov ◽  
V. T. Fronin
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas

The Thermal Efficiency of a Hand-Fired Natural-Draught Lancashire Boiler

1950 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
T. F. Hurley ◽  
W. J. Sparkes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
High Level

Following the development of the Fuel Research Station “smoke eliminator” fire doors for hand-fired, natural-draught Lancashire boilers, a series of trials was carried out to obtain figures for their performance under a variety of conditions. Most of the trials were made with one or other of two sizes (”singles” and “smalls”) of a Northumberland coal, which was chosen because of its tendency to make heavy smoke; similar results were obtained with both sizes. The figures obtained during these trials, together with those of a few supplementary trials, are used to illustrate the effects of certain variables upon the performance of a boiler of that type. The information presented includes (1) the correlation of smoke intensity with the composition of the flue gases and with thermal efficiency, (2) the use of secondary air and suitable methods of firing to reduce the heat losses caused by incomplete combustion, (3) the effect of too little and of too much excess air upon efficiency, and (4) the effect of load upon efficiency. With the special fire doors, the admission of secondary air over the fire could easily be controlled and a simple method of firing could be employed. In consequence, the efficiency of combustion was maintained at a consistently high level without calling for exceptional skill or effort on the part of the fireman. Maximum efficiency was obtained when the quantity of secondary air was just sufficient to eliminate smoke: decreasing the percentage of excess air by a small amount below the optimum had as bad an effect upon efficiency as a considerable increase. Varying the load also affected efficiency, the maximum being reached well below rated load, but the variation in efficiency between 40 and 100 per cent of full load was comparatively small.

scholarly journals Излучательные характеристики мощных полупроводниковых лазеров (1060 нм) с узким мезаполосковым контактом на основе асимметричных гетероструктур AlGaAs/GaAs с широким волноводом

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
И.С. Шашкин ◽  
А.Ю. Лешко ◽  
Д.Н. Николаев ◽  
В.В. Шамахов ◽  
Н.А. Рудова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Cw Operation ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Narrow Stripe ◽  
A Current

Light characteristics of narrow-stripe lasers (5.5 m) based on asymmetric AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures are studied. It was shown that the maximum optical power achieved under continuous-wave (CW) operation is limited by thermal heating and reaches 1695 mW at a current of 2350 mA at +25°C, and the maximum efficiency reaches 54.8 %. By reducing the operating temperature to -8°C, we were able to increase the maximum power to 2 W. A peak power of 2930 mW was obtained under pulsed operation (pulse width 240 ns, amplitude 4230 mA). It is shown there is a region of an “optical dip” in the power profile with a low-efficiency lasing of a train of pulses of sub-ns duration under pulsed operation.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics simulation performance of rice husk combustion with a realistic decomposition approach on the devolatilization stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soen Steven ◽  
Pandit Hernowo ◽  
Elvi Restiawaty ◽  
Anton Irawan ◽  
Carolus Borromeus Rasrendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Boudouard Reaction ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Excess Air

Abstract Rice husk has a great potential in its calorific value and silica content in ash which makes its valorization through combustion becomes important and interesting. This study presents the thermodynamics simulation performance of rice husk combustion using a realistic decomposition approach. A non-ideal gas approach and fugacity coefficient were also considered in the calculation. From this study, rice husk is devolatilized to form gases (63.37%), tar (8.69%), char (27.94%), and all of these are then oxidized to form flue gas. The realistic decomposition approach calculated that about 2.6 MJ/kg of specific combustion energy is produced, the maximum combustion temperature is up to 1457oC for perfect insulation condition, and up to 1400oC if there is a heat loss. It is found that combustion equipped with larger excess air could quench the heat produced and reduce the combustion efficiency but could maintain the temperature at 700oC. Furthermore, the thermodynamics simulation expressed that NO emission amount from rice husk combustion is negligible and there is still a probability for CO and H2 to be produced at above 500oC due to Boudouard reaction and homogeneous water gas shift reaction (WGSR). The study showed that a realistic decomposition approach could predict the rice husk combustion performance with a reasonable and logical result. Supplying excess air of about 180–200% is advantageous to keep the combustion temperature at 700oC in order to prevent silica crystalline formation which harms human health, as well as suppressing NO emission and reducing CO emission from the simultaneous Boudouard and WGSR.

scholarly journals Performance Of Four Stroke Compression Ignition Engine Operated On Dual Fuel Mode With Producer Gas And Diesel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine

We intensify our probe on waste biomass found in South India namely Prosopis Juliflora, because of its forceful growth in uncultivated agricultural landfills. To depose the Prosopis Juliflora, biomass gasification is the sufficient thermo-chemical reaction to excerpt useful energy from waste biomass. The fluidized bed gasifier (FBG) was used to gasify the waste biomass Prosopis Juliflora with a feed rate capacity from 5 to 20kg/hr and temperature is in the range of 650 - 950℃ with an equivalence ratio of 0.24 - 0.44 was maintained. When the gasifier is operated alone, the flame temperature is lower so that the conversion rate of heat energy will also be lower. If the gasifier is operated with accessories the flame temperature got increased by 40%, the conversion rate of heat energy will also be high in the compression ignition (CI) engine. The brake thermal efficiency of compression ignition engine for both (diesel) single fuel and (producer gas + diesel) dual fuel modes at four different producer gas mass flow rate has been shown and specific fuel consumption(SFC) has improved slightly due to addition of calorific value in the producer gas to the supply to the engine from the gasifier.

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