The Use of Photogrammetry in Piping Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Bracewell ◽  
U R Klement
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Positional Data

Piping design for ‘revamp’ projects in the process industry requires the retrieval of large amounts of ‘as-built’ data from existing process plant installations. Positional data with a high degree of accuracy are required. Photogrammetry, the science of measurement from photographs, was identified in Imperial Chemical Industries plc (ICI) as a suitable tool for information retrieval. The mathematical formulation enabling the definition of three-dimensional positions from photographic information is described. The process of using ICI's photogrammetric system for the definition of complete objects such as structures and pipes is illustrated. The need for specialized photogrammetric software for design purposes is explained. A case study describing how the photogrammetric system has been applied is described and graphical outputs from this exercise are shown. It is concluded that this particular photogrammetric system has proved to be a cost effective and accurate tool for the retrieval of ‘as-built’ information.

Thermal Characteristics of Two-Layered Bodies With Embedded Thin-Film Heat Source

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yan ◽  
A. Haji-Sheikh ◽  
J. V. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Series Solutions ◽  
Function Solution ◽  
Accurate Temperature ◽  
Time Partitioning ◽  
Two Layer Model ◽  
High Degree

Exact series solutions for three-dimensional temperature distribution in two-layer bodies subject to various types of boundary conditions are presented. Special consideration is given to the case when one layer is a thin diamond film. The computation emphasizes the temperature effect of an embedded thin heat source of the type used in electronic devices. The mathematical formulation employs the Green’s function solution method. The solution is time partitioned in order to achieve a high degree of accuracy. Time partitioning greatly improves the convergence of three-dimensional heat conduction solutions. Time-partitioned series solutions with a reduced number of terms yield highly accurate temperature data. A two-layer model is chosen for simplicity of presentation; however, the method can be extended to more than two layers.

scholarly journals Process Plant Upgradation Using Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Criteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dongqiao Bai ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Shouzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Reliability And Availability ◽  
Expected Outcomes ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study is to propose a solution for process plant upgradation becoming extinct due to obsoleteness of spares. The study will help in reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) based upgradation of control system of process plants in developing countries. Available options for plant upgradation are compact control, modular, and semiautomatic. RAM based upgradation provides solution which is high in reliability and availability (usually all parts are replaced with upgraded and compatible technology) and is easy to maintain throughout the service life of process plant. Case study for stacker and reclaimer of cement plant upgradation is considered to both implement and evaluate the idea. Upgradation methodology is finalized by expert’s feedback regarding selection of hardware with respect to availability, market survey to validate the opinion, and economical availability viability of selected hardware. Pre- and postupgradation scenarios are analyzed to validate the implementation of study and conclude the expected outcomes. The process plant upgradation yielded a cost-effective solution to the problem with automation increasing by 17%, plant maintainability increasing by 80%, and downtime of plant decreasing by 17%. Among all available options, modular design Op1 is considered the best choice that can satisfy RAM criteria.

Integrative Technology and Inspection Planning—A Case Study in Medical Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Klocke ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Patrick Mattfeld ◽  
Jan Kukulies ◽  
Robert H. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Technology Planning ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Inspection Planning ◽  
Quality Costs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Manufacturing History

In most trendsetting industries like the aerospace, automotive and medical industry functionally critical parts are of highest importance. Due to strict legal requirements regarding the securing of the functionality of high-risk parts, both production costs and quality costs contribute significantly to the manufacturing costs. Thus, both types of costs have to be taken into consideration during the stage of technology planning. Due to the high variety of potential interactions between individual component properties as well as between component properties and manufacturing processes, the analysis of the influence of the manufacturing history on an efficient design of inspection processes and inspection strategies is extremely complex. Furthermore, the effects of inspection strategies and quality costs on the planning of manufacturing process sequences cannot be modeled to date. As a consequence, manufacturing and inspection processes are designed separately and thus a high cost reduction potential remains untapped. In this paper, a new approach for an integrative technology and inspection planning is presented and applied to a case study in medical industry. At first, existing approaches with regard to technology and inspection planning are reviewed. After a definition of relevant terms, the case study is introduced. Following, an approach for an integrative technology and inspection planning is presented and applied to the case study. In the presented approach, the complex causalities between technology planning, manufacturing history, and inspection planning are considered to enable a cost-effective production process and inspection sequence design.

Cost-Effective 3D Stereo Visualization for Creative Learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
R. S. Kamath ◽  
R. K. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Creative Learning ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Artificial World

Using a pedagogic case study of development of three dimensional (3D) stereo visualization suite, in this chapter, the authors exemplify the emerging paradigm shift of educational technology progressively from simulation to virtual reality (VR). The authors present the transformation of higher education archetypes using VR, which is poised to create a whole new meaning for the young learners. It mainly personifies the computer-generated three-dimensional environments that give the viewer an intense feeling of being immersed in an artificial world. The authors clearly demonstrate exploiting a 3D stereo visualization system in learning environment for bringing in an experiential learning experience of real industrial scenario in the classroom itself. They present the design and development of 3D visualization tool that embodies complex datasets in virtual environment. Thus, the chapter epitomizes the significance of VR in edification that impacts creative learning without using real tools on a less sophisticated technological platform.

Immobilization check for fixture design

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Yu ◽  
T W Lam ◽  
A H C Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computational Geometry ◽  
Interval Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fixture Design ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Case Based

Fixture design contributes highly to manufacturing safety and quality. Computer aided fixture design (CAFD) facilitates more cost effective and efficient workholder design. However, heuristic and case-based approaches are still common. This paper addresses CAFD using the computational geometry approach. The correctness of a fixture design will be determined through vector-theoretic immobilization checking of the fixture points (i.e. location and clamping points) proposed. Details of the translational and rotational immobilization checking theory are explained, which are also applicable to general three-dimensional shapes. In real life, perfect geometry does not exist. As contemporary CAFD systems cannot cater for non-ideal geometry satisfactorily, the paper also develops an interval analysis scheme for toleranced immobilization checks. A real-life case study is presented to demonstrate the procedure.

scholarly journals THE VARIATIONAL THEORY OF COMPLEX RAYS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL HELMHOLTZ PROBLEMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUIS KOVALEVSKY ◽  
PIERRE LADEVÈZE ◽  
HERVÉ RIOU ◽  
MARC BONNET
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Harmonics ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Variational Theory ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Analytical Properties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complex Rays

This paper proposes an extension of the variational theory of complex rays (VTCR) to three-dimensional linear acoustics, The VTCR is a Trefftz-type approach designed for mid-frequency range problems and has been previously investigated for structural dynamics and 2D acoustics. The proposed 3D formulation is based on a discretization of the amplitude portrait using spherical harmonics expansions. This choice of discretization allows to substantially reduce the numerical integration work by taking advantage of well-known analytical properties of the spherical harmonics. It also permits (like with the previous 2D Fourier version) an effective a priori selection method for the discretization parameter in each sub-region, and allows to estimate the directivity of the pressure field by means of a natural definition of rescaled amplitude portraits. The accuracy and performance of the proposed formulation are demonstrated on a set of numerical examples that include results on an actual case study from the automotive industry.

Evaluations of BDA Scheme Using the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingnong Xiao ◽  
Liqiang Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Arw Model ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A tropical cyclone bogus data assimilation (BDA) scheme is built in the Weather Research and Forecasting three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (WRF 3D-VAR). Experiments were conducted (21 experiments with BDA in parallel with another 21 without BDA) to assess its impacts on the predictions of seven Atlantic Ocean basin hurricanes observed in 2004 (Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne) and in 2005 (Katrina, Rita, and Wilma). In addition, its performance was compared with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane initialization scheme in a case study of Hurricane Humberto (2007). It is indicated that hurricane initialization with the BDA technique can improve the forecast skills of track and intensity in the Advanced Research WRF (ARW). Among the three hurricane verification parameters [track, central sea level pressure (CSLP), and maximum surface wind (MSW)], BDA improves CSLP the most. The improvement of MSW is also considerable. The track has the smallest, but still noticeable, improvement. With WRF 3D-VAR, the initial vortex produced by BDA is balanced with the dynamical and statistical balance in the 3D-VAR system. It has great potential for improving the hurricane intensity forecast. The case study on Hurricane Humberto (2007) shows that BDA performs better than the GFDL bogus scheme in the ARW forecast for the case. Better definition of the initial vortex is the main reason for the advanced skill in hurricane track and intensity forecasting in this case.

An engineering-based approach for design and fabrication of a customized nasal prosthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Neto ◽  
António Costa-Ferreira ◽  
Nuno Leal ◽  
Margarida Machado ◽  
Ana Reis
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Facial Defects ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Silicone Prostheses

Background and aim: Facial defects (from neoplasms, trauma, etc.) can be functionally and emotionally devastating. A non-invasive treatment for these defects is the application of external prostheses. Conventionally, these prostheses are fabricated by an anaplastologist through a manual procedure, which is an expensive and time-consuming approach. Current advances in computational and engineering tools report an improvement in design and manufacturing of silicone prostheses. This demand motivated this study that aims to develop a methodology for fabricating customized nasal prostheses. Technique: In this study, an 80-year-old woman with a total defect of the nose is considered as case-study. The proposed methodology entails six tasks: (a) data acquisition, (b) three-dimensional reconstruction, (c) prosthesis design, (d) moulds fabrication, (e) prosthesis manufacturing and (f) final fittings. Discussion: The presented approach showed encouraging outcomes since it saves time, reduces costs and allows the achievement of prosthesis with the minimum contact and discomfort to the patient, disclosing excellent aesthetic and functional results. Clinical relevance Custom-made nasal prostheses with minimum contact and discomfort for the patient can be achieved using an engineering approach based on digital technologies and additive manufacturing that is cost-effective and less time-consuming than the manual procedure.

scholarly journals Design for Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Development Methods Applied to an Innovative Multifunctional Fan

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-85
Author(s):  
Leonardo Frizziero ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
Alfredo Liverani ◽  
Karim Dhaimini
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Definition Of

In an increasingly competitive business world, the “time to market” of products has become a key factor for business success. There are different techniques that anticipate design mistakes and launch products on the market in less time. Among the most used methodologies in the design and definition of the requirements, quality function deployment (QFD) and design for Six Sigma (DFSS) can be used. In the prototyping phase, it is possible to address the emerging technology of additive manufacturing. Today, three-dimensional printing is already used as a rapid prototyping technique. However, the real challenge that industry is facing is the use of these machineries for large-scale production of parts, now possible with new HP multi-fusion. The aim of this article is to study the entire product development process taking advantage of the most modern models and technologies for the final realization of a case study that involves the design and prototyping of an innovative multifunctional fan (lamp, aroma diffuser and fan) through the Multi Jet Fusion of HP. To begin with, issues related to the DFSS, the QFD and their application to identify the fan requirements are explored. Once the requirements have been defined, the modern CAD design systems and the CAE systems for the validation of the case study will be analyzed and applied. Finally, HP's Multi Jet Fusion methodology and design rules for additive manufacturing will be analyzed in detail, trying to exploit all the positive aspects it offers.

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