scholarly journals Toxicological Studies on Biological Effects of the Herbal Drug Extracts in Rats and Mice : Peony Root, Peach Kernel, Japanese Angelica Root and Cnidium Rhizome

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 937-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
SATORU TANAKA ◽  
ATSUSHI TAKAHASHI ◽  
KINICHI ONODA ◽  
KUNIO KAWASHIMA ◽  
SHINSUKE NAKAURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Peony Root ◽  
Rats And Mice

scholarly journals Toxicological Studies on Biological Effects of the Herbal Drug Extracts in Rats and Mice. II

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 671-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
SATORU TANAKA ◽  
ASTUSHI TAKAHASHI ◽  
KIN-ICHI ONODA ◽  
KUNIO KAWASHIMA ◽  
SHINSUKE NAKAURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Rats And Mice

scholarly journals Do GISTs Occur in Rats and Mice? Immunohistochemical Characterization of Gastrointestinal Tumors Diagnosed as Smooth Muscle Tumors in The National Toxicology Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan ◽  
Priyanka Venkannagari ◽  
Heather Jensen ◽  
Mark J. Hoenerhoff ◽  
Ronald A. Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Rats And Mice

The majority of the tumors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rats and mice, with spindle cell morphology, are diagnosed as smooth muscle tumors (SMTs). Similarly, several decades ago human GI tumors with spindle cell morphology were also diagnosed as SMTs. However, later investigations identified most of these tumors in humans as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The GISTs are considered to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal located throughout the GI tract. Positive immunohistochemical staining with CKIT antibody is a well-accepted diagnostic marker for GISTs in humans. Since there is a considerable overlap between the histomorphology of SMTs and GISTs, it is not possible to distinguish them on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. As a result, GISTs are not routinely diagnosed in toxicological studies. The current study was designed to evaluate the tumors diagnosed as leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma in the National Toxicology Program’s 2-year bioassays using CKIT, smooth muscle actin, and desmin immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrate that most of the mouse SMTs diagnosed as leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma are likely GISTs, whereas in rats the tumors are likely SMTs and not GISTs.

Study of toxicity and peculiarities of biological effects of nanocomposite pectin-Ag: results of a subchronic experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Vadzim Michailovich Vasilkevich ◽  
Ruslan Valerievich Bogdanov ◽  
Ksenia Sergeevna Gilevskaya ◽  
Victoria Igorevna Kulikouskaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Threshold Doses ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Dose Dependent

Introduction. Nanocomposites synthesized by the “green chemistry” method do not contain toxic chemicals (reducing agents and organic solvents) as carriers and/or stabilizing shells. One of the representatives of this group of materials are nanocomposites based on silver, which are increasingly used in medical practice, veterinary medicine, and in some other fields. Material and methods. The nanocomposite is Ag0 nanoparticles coated with a highly methoxylated pectin shell. The concentration of Ag0 nanoparticles in the hydrosol of the pectin-Ag nanocomposite is 1.65 mmol/l, and the pectin content is 7.5 mg/ml. The size of the synthesized pectin-Ag nanocomposite is ~20-30 nm, more than 90% of the particles have a diameter of less than 20 nm, the value of the ξ-potential is 45.3 ± 0.7 mV. Toxicological studies were carried out on outbred rats. The main goal of the research was to study the toxic effects of the pectin-Ag nanocomposite in a subchronic experiment (90 days). At the end of the experiment, a complex of behavioral and clinical and laboratory parameters was determined, which made it possible to assess the biological effect of the nanocomposite on animals. The research results were statistically processed. Results. With subchronic intragastric administration of the pectin-Ag nanocomposite to laboratory animals (rats) for 3 months at doses of 50, 500, and 5000 mg/kg, it was found that the nanocomposite exhibits a dose-dependent general toxic effect with critical target organs - the liver and spleen and the main biochemical markers of toxicity effect - aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusion. Experimental studies have made it possible to substantiate the threshold doses of the hydrosol of the pectin-Ag nanocomposite for the intragastric route of intake.

scholarly journals Toxicological studies of Anchomanes difformis Blume (Araceae) using rats and mice

2015 ◽  
pp. 1228-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo ◽  
MacDonald Idu ◽  
Gerald Eze ◽  
Raymond Ozolua
Keyword(s):  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Rats And Mice

Oral toxicological studies of black soybean (Glycine max) hull extract: Acute studies in rats and mice, and chronic studies in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 3272-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuko Fukuda ◽  
Miki Tsutsui ◽  
Tadashi Yoshida ◽  
Toshiya Toda ◽  
Takanori Tsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Black Soybean ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Hull Extract ◽  
Rats And Mice

Copper nanoparticles as an alternative feed additive in poultry diet: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Scott ◽  
Krishna Prasad Vadalasetty ◽  
André Chwalibog ◽  
Ewa Sawosz
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

AbstractCopper (Cu) is a vital trace element involved in various physiological and biochemical processes. However, animals can only absorb a small fraction of Cu and the most is excreted, contaminating soil and aquatic environment. Hence, the use of this mineral as a growth promoter is today one of the crucial health and environmental concerns. In recent years, many studies have reported Cu nanoparticles (Cu-NP) as a promising alternative to antibacterial reagents and a growth promoter. Depending on the size, shape, dose and animal species, Cu-NP exhibit a variety of effects on animal performance. Apart from being highly bioavailable, reports have already pointed out the growth-promoting, antibacterial and immune-modulatory effects of Cu-NP. Toxicological studies provide varied results in animal models. However, other studies being undertaken in different animal species have shown the promise of Cu-NP supplementation. Therefore, there is a need to optimise the dose and duration of Cu-NP supplementation for livestock, depending on their biological effects. Moreover, the bioavailability of Cu-NP in livestock still needs further confirmation. In this review, we summarise the benefits and hazardous effects of Cu-NP and the possibility of using Cu-NP as a feed supplement in different animals, in general, and in poultry particularly.

scholarly journals Menkes Protein Contributes to the Function of Peptidylglycine α-Amidating Monooxygenase

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami C. Steveson ◽  
Giuseppe D. Ciccotosto ◽  
Xin-Ming Ma ◽  
Gregory P. Mueller ◽  
Richard E. Mains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Menkes Disease ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Brain Extracts ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Menkes Protein ◽  
P Type ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Rats And Mice

Abstract Menkes protein (ATP7A) is a P-type ATPase involved in copper uptake and homeostasis. Disturbed copper homeostasis occurs in patients with Menkes disease, an X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, neurodegeneration, connective tissue disorders, and early childhood death. Mutations in ATP7A result in malfunction of copper-requiring enzymes, such as tyrosinase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. The first step of the two-step amidation reaction carried out by peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) also requires copper. We used tissue from wild-type rats and mice and an ATP7A-specific antibody to determine that ATP7A is expressed at high levels in tissues expressing high levels of PAM. ATP7A is largely localized to the trans Golgi network in pituitary endocrine cells. The Atp7a mouse, bearing a mutation in the Atp7a gene, is an excellent model system for examining the consequences of ATP7A malfunction. Despite normal levels of PAM protein, levels of several amidated peptides were reduced in pituitary and brain extracts of Atp7a mice, demonstrating that PAM function is compromised when ATP7A is inactive. Based on these results, we conclude that a reduction in the ability of PAM to produce bioactive end-products involved in neuronal growth and development could contribute to many of the biological effects associated with Menkes disease.

scholarly journals 1. Acute toxicological studies of captopril in rats and mice

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (SupplementII) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi IMAI ◽  
Yuzo HAYASHI ◽  
Koroku HASHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Rats And Mice

Toxicity Evaluation, HET-CAM Irritation, and Anti-Irritant Potential of Rice Bran Wax Policosanol Nanoemulsion

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Ishaka ◽  
Maznah Ismail ◽  
Mustapha Umar Imam ◽  
Rozi Mahmud ◽  
Ismaila Muhammad Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Rice Bran Wax ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Limit Test

Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain alcohols found in animal and plant waxes, has several biological effects. However, it has a bioavailability of less than 10%. One of the ways of improving bioavailability is by nanoemulsion formulation. We developed rice bran wax policosanol nanoemulsion (npol) using high-pressure homogenization. Even though earlier toxicological studies did not show policosanol-related toxicity, it is an essential part of the development of the therapeutic formulation to evaluate its toxicity status. In this study, in vitro, in vivo toxicity, and irritation and anti-irritation potential of the npol were evaluated. 3T3-L1 cells and Sprague Dawley rats were treated with npol in the in vitro and acute oral toxicity tests; while the Hen’s Egg Test Chorio-Allantoic membrane (HET-CAM) was used to test for its irritation and anti-irritation potential. npol at 2mg/mL showed lower toxicity to 3T3-L1 cells by MTT assay compared to the same concentration of policosanol after 24 (60 and 50% viabilities), 48 (62 and 58% viabilities), and 72 (110 and 89% viabilities) hours, respectively. npol was non-irritant and has slightly anti-irritant potential based on the HET-CAM test. There was also no significant toxicity to a limit test dose of 40 ml/Kg body weight of npol (containing 2000 mg/Kg body weight of policosanol) in acute oral toxicity test on Sprague-Dawly rats. The results suggest that policosanol nanoemulsion is a safe formulation devoid of toxicity and irritation potential.

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