FAT AND FAT-FREE BODY COMPOSITION ESTIMATES BY TWO-, THREE- AND FOUR-COMPONENT MODELS IN 20???70 YEAR OID ADULTS

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S109
Author(s):  
R. A. Boileau ◽  
M. H. Slaughter ◽  
R. J. Stillman ◽  
C. B. Christ ◽  
J. Clasey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Component Models

Five-component model validation of reference, laboratory and field methods of body composition assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Grant M. Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Component Models

Abstract This study reports the validity of body fat percentage (BF%) estimates from several commonly employed techniques as compared with a five-component (5C) model criterion. Healthy adults (n 170) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), multiple bioimpedance techniques and optical scanning. Output was also used to produce a criterion 5C model, multiple variants of three- and four-component models (3C; 4C) and anthropometry-based BF% estimates. Linear regression, Bland–Altman analysis and equivalence testing were performed alongside evaluation of the constant error (CE), total error (TE), se of the estimate (SEE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The major findings were (1) differences between 5C, 4C and 3C models utilising the same body volume (BV) and total body water (TBW) estimates are negligible (CE ≤ 0·2 %; SEE < 0·5 %; TE ≤ 0·5 %; R2 1·00; 95 % limits of agreement (LOA) ≤ 0·9 %); (2) moderate errors from alternate TBW or BV estimates in multi-component models were observed (CE ≤ 1·3 %; SEE ≤ 2·1 %; TE ≤ 2·2 %; R2 ≥ 0·95; 95 % LOA ≤ 4·2 %); (3) small differences between alternate DXA (i.e. tissue v. region) and ADP (i.e. Siri v. Brozek equations) estimates were observed, and both techniques generally performed well (CE < 3·0 %; SEE ≤ 2·3 %; TE ≤ 3·6 %; R2 ≥ 0·88; 95 % LOA ≤ 4·8 %); (4) bioimpedance technologies performed well but exhibited larger individual-level errors (CE < 1·0 %; SEE ≤ 3·1 %; TE ≤ 3·3 %; R2 ≥ 0·94; 95 % LOA ≤ 6·2 %) and (5) anthropometric equations generally performed poorly (CE 0·6– 5·7 %; SEE ≤ 5·1 %; TE ≤ 7·4 %; R2 ≥ 0·67; 95 % LOA ≤ 10·6 %). Collectively, the data presented in this manuscript can aid researchers and clinicians in selecting an appropriate body composition assessment method and understanding the associated errors when compared with a reference multi-component model.

Changes in Physical Fitness and Physical Activity during Puberty Do Not Predict Lipoprotein Profile Changes: The Muscatine Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-243
Author(s):  
Kathleen F. Janz ◽  
Jeffrey D. Dawson ◽  
Larry T. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Free Body

To evaluate the effect of changes in aerobic fitness and physical activity on changes in lipoproteins, we measured body composition, peak V̇O2, vigorous and sedentary activity, maturation, and lipoproteins in 125 children (mean baseline age, 10.5 years) for 5 years. Change in variables was analyzed using the slopes of the regression line obtained by plotting the data for each child. No predictor variables were significant for girls. In boys, predictors of favorable changes in lipoproteins included decreases in fatness, increases in fitness, early maturation, and increases in fat-free body mass (FFM). Multivariable analysis, adjusted for baseline age, indicated that change in FFM explained 21% of the variability in change in LDL-C. Results suggest that during puberty, changes in activity and fitness do not predict changes in lipoproteins.

Four-component model for the assessment of body composition in humans: comparison with alternative methods, and evaluation of the density and hydration of fat-free mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Fuller ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
M. A. Laskey ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
M. Elia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Four Component Model ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
Component Models

1. Body composition was assessed in 28 healthy subjects (body mass index 20–28 kg/m2) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, deuterium dilution, densitometry, 40K counting and four prediction methods (skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance, near-i.r. interactance and body mass index). Three- and four-component models of body composition were constructed from combinations of the reference methods. The results of all methods were compared. Precision was evaluated by analysis of propagation of errors. The density and hydration fraction of the fat-free mass were determined. 2. From the precision of the basic measurements, the propagation of errors for the estimation of fat (± sd) by the four-component model was found to be ± 0.54 kg, by the three-component model, ± 0.49 kg, by deuterium dilution, ± 0.62 kg, and by densitometry, ± 0.78 kg. Precision for the measurement of the density and hydration fraction of fat-free mass was ± 0.0020 kg/l and ± 0.0066, respectively. 3. The agreement between reference methods was generally better than between reference and alternative methods. Dual-energy X-ray absoptiometry predicted three- and four-component model body composition slightly less well than densitometry or deuterium dilution (both of which greatly influence these multi-component models). 4. The hydration fraction of fat-free mass was calculated to be 0.7382 ± 0.0213 (range 0.6941–0.7837) and the density of fat-free mass was 1.1015 ± 0.0073 kg/1 (range 1.0795–1.1110 kg/1), with no significant difference between men and women for either. 5. The results suggest that the three- and four-component models are not compromised by errors arising from individual techniques. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry would appear to be a suitable alternative method for the assessment of body composition in these healthy adults. The traditional mean value assumed for density of the fat-free mass in classic densitometry (1.1 kg/l) appears to be appropriate, and the mean hydration fraction was close to values which are generally applied to the fat-free mass (0.72–0.73). Despite concealing considerable inter-individual variation, these mean values may be applied to groups with characteristics similar to those in this study. Finally, with the notable exception of skinfold thickness, bedside prediction methods show poor agreement with both the three- and the four-component models.

Density of fat-free body mass: relationship with race, age, and level of body fatness

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. E781-E787 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Visser ◽  
D. Gallagher ◽  
P. Deurenberg ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
R. N. Pierson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Women ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Total Body

The two-compartment body composition method assumes that fat-free body mass (FFM) has a density of 1.100 kg/l. This study tested the hypothesis that FFM density is independent of race, age, and body fatness. Subjects were 703 black and white subjects, ages 20-94 yr, with body mass index (BMI) 17-35 kg/m2. Body composition was assessed using a four-compartment model based on tritium dilution volume, body density by underwater weighing, bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body weight. No relationship was observed between FFM density and race or BMI. A tendency was observed for a lower FFM density only in older white women. The difference in percent body fat (delta fat) between the four-compartment model and underwater weighing was < 2% for all groups. Race, age, and BMI explained only 2.3 (women) and 1.4% (men) of the variance in delta fat, whereas the total body water fraction of FFM explained 77%. In contrast to current thinking, these results show that the assumption of constant FFM density is valid in black, elderly, and obese subjects.

scholarly journals Nutrition Affects Fat-Free Body Composition in Broiler Chickens

2002 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
pp. 2222-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud M. Eits ◽  
Rene P. Kwakkel ◽  
Martin W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Free Body

THE GROSS BODY COMPOSITION OF SIX GEOGRAPHIC RACES OF PEROMYSCUS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Laboratory Acclimation ◽  
Seasonal Extremes

The body composition in terms of fat, water, and protein has been determined for 115 deer mice (genus Peromyscus) of six racial stocks. The changes in composition that are characteristic of seasonal extremes and that accompany laboratory acclimation are presented. The composition of the fat-free body exhibits the constancy which has been found in other mammals. Body protein averaged 22.97% and body water 69.71% of the fat-free body weight. Body fat levels are shown to vary considerably among individuals and races. The highest fat levels occurred in the desert-adapted race (P. m. sonoriensis). The importance of considering body composition in comparative studies of metabolic rate is discussed.

Effects of Varying Dosages of Oral Creatine Relative to Fat Free Body Mass on Strength and Body Composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
David Noonan ◽  
Kris Berg ◽  
Richard W. Latin ◽  
Jon C. Wagner ◽  
Kristi Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Free Body

COMPARISON OF TWO-COMPONENT AND MULTI-COMPONENT MODELS IN ESTIMATING BODY COMPOSITION OF HISPANIC WOMEN

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S118 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Heyward ◽  
J. Goodman ◽  
D. Grant ◽  
K. Kessler ◽  
P. Kocina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Component Models

Body composition of white-tailed deer estimated by deuterium oxide dilution

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Rumpler ◽  
M. E. Allen ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
R. D. Earle ◽  
S. M. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Highly Correlated

Nine nonpregnant, female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), 2 to 4 years of age, were used to determine whether body composition can be estimated from deuterium oxide dilution in body water. Venous blood was collected at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 120, 240, and 480 min and at 24 and 48 h after deuterium oxide infusion. The deer were then killed and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and ash. Deuterium oxide dilution, extrapolated to zero time, overestimated analyzed body water by 6%, but the two measures were highly correlated (r2 = 0.85). Incorporation of live weight with estimated body water in the prediction equation increased r2 to 0.95. Ingesta-free body crude protein and ether extract were highly predictable (r2 = 0.92 and 0.96, respectively) from live weight (WT) and estimated total body water (ETBW). The prediction equation for ingesta-free body ether extract was EE = −7.520 + 0.6110(WT) – 0.5417(ETBW), with all measures expressed in kilograms. When ETBW was determined from deuterium oxide dilution in a single 2-h postinfusion blood sample, the prediction equation for ingesta-free body ether extract was EE = −6.306 + 0.6977(WT) – 0.6870(ETBW) (r2 = 0.94).

Aging, Body Composition, and Physical Activity: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Going ◽  
Daniel P. Williams ◽  
Timothy G. Lohman ◽  
Michael J. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Body ◽  
Free Body

This paper reviews age related changes in body fat, fat-free body mass, and the subcomponents of FFM including protein, mineral, and body water. It gives an overview of common methods and their limitations in the elderly and reviews the effects of physical activity on body composition in middle-aged and older individuals. Surprisingly little information is available on this important topic in men and women >80 years of age. Although research to date has described a number of qualitative trends with aging and shown the correlations between changes in fat and FFM with disease risk, quantification of rate of change has proven difficult. This is partly because changes in the aging body affect the indicators of body composition, leading to estimation errors, and because few long-term longitudinal studies have been completed. The increasing awareness of the important relationships among health, nutrition, and body composition, and the profound change in population demographics projected for the next 25 to 50 years, has focused attention on this problem and will undoubtedly stimulate additional research in this area.

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