Skeletal Muscle Metabolic and Performance Adaptations After Short Sprint Interval Training (SIT).

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S20
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
George J.F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
And Performance

Skeletal Muscle Metabolic and Performance Adaptations After Short Sprint Interval Training (SIT).

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
George J.F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Divergent serum metabolomic, skeletal muscle signalling, transcriptomic and performance adaptations to fasted versus whey protein-fed sprint interval training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom P Aird ◽  
Andrew J Farquharson ◽  
Kate M Bermingham ◽  
Aifric O'Sullivan ◽  
Janice E Drew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

Sprint interval training (SIT) is a time efficient alternative to endurance exercise, conferring beneficial skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations. Current literature has investigated the nutritional regulation of acute and chronic exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in muscle following endurance exercise, principally comparing the impact of training in fasted and carbohydrate-fed (CHO) conditions. Alternative strategies such as exercising in low CHO, protein-fed conditions remain poorly characterised, specifically pertaining to adaptations associated with SIT. Thus, this study aimed to compare the metabolic and performance adaptations to acute and short term SIT in the fasted state with pre-exercise hydrolysed (WPH) or concentrate (WPC) whey protein supplementation. In healthy males, pre-exercise protein ingestion did not alter exercise-induced increases in PGC-1α, PDK4, SIRT1, and PPAR-δ mRNA expression following acute SIT. However, supplementation of WPC and WPH beneficially altered acute exercise-induced SIRT4 and CD36 mRNA expression, respectively. Pre-exercise protein ingestion attenuated acute exercise-induced increases in muscle pan-acetylation, and PARP1 protein content compared with fasted SIT. Acute serum metabolomic differences confirmed greater pre-exercise amino acid delivery in protein-fed compared with fasted conditions. Following 3 weeks of SIT, training-induced increases in mitochondrial enzymatic activity and exercise performance were similar across nutritional groups. Interestingly, resting muscle acetylation status was favourably regulated in WPH conditions following training. Such findings suggest pre-exercise WPC and WPH ingestion positively influences metabolic adaptations to SIT compared to fasted training, resulting in either similar or enhanced performance adaptations. Future studies investigating nutritional modulation of metabolic adaptations to exercise are warranted to build upon these novel findings.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term sprint interval training on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and time-trial performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 2041-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Pyruvate Oxidation ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After

Our laboratory recently showed that six sessions of sprint interval training (SIT) over 2 wk increased muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity (Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJF, Bradwell SN, and Gibala MJ. J Appl Physiol 98: 1895–1900, 2005). The present study tested the hypothesis that short-term SIT would reduce skeletal muscle glycogenolysis and lactate accumulation during exercise and increase the capacity for pyruvate oxidation via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Eight men [peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2 peak) = 3.8 ± 0.2 l/min] performed six sessions of SIT (4–7 × 30-s “all-out” cycling with 4 min of recovery) over 2 wk. Before and after SIT, biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained at rest and after each stage of a two-stage cycling test that consisted of 10 min at ∼60% followed by 10 min at ∼90% of V̇o2 peak. Subjects also performed a 250-kJ time trial (TT) before and after SIT to assess changes in cycling performance. SIT increased muscle glycogen content by ∼50% (main effect, P = 0.04) and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (posttraining: 7.8 ± 0.4 vs. pretraining: 7.0 ± 0.4 mol·kg protein −1·h−1; P = 0.04), but the maximal activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase was unchanged (posttraining: 5.1 ± 0.7 vs. pretraining: 4.9 ± 0.6 mol·kg protein −1·h−1; P = 0.76). The active form of PDH was higher after training (main effect, P = 0.04), and net muscle glycogenolysis (posttraining: 100 ± 16 vs. pretraining: 139 ± 11 mmol/kg dry wt; P = 0.03) and lactate accumulation (posttraining: 55 ± 2 vs. pretraining: 63 ± 1 mmol/kg dry wt; P = 0.03) during exercise were reduced. TT performance improved by 9.6% after training (posttraining: 15.5 ± 0.5 vs. pretraining: 17.2 ± 1.0 min; P = 0.006), and a control group ( n = 8, V̇o2 peak = 3.9 ± 0.2 l/min) showed no change in performance when tested 2 wk apart without SIT (posttraining: 18.8 ± 1.2 vs. pretraining: 18.9 ± 1.2 min; P = 0.74). We conclude that short-term SIT improved cycling TT performance and resulted in a closer matching of glycogenolytic flux and pyruvate oxidation during submaximal exercise.

scholarly journals The effect of acute and chronic sprint-interval training on LRP130, SIRT3, and PGC-1α expression in human skeletal muscle

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. e12879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Edgett ◽  
Jacob T. Bonafiglia ◽  
Brittany L. Baechler ◽  
Joe Quadrilatero ◽  
Brendon J. Gurd
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training

Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. R1970-R1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
Naomi M. Cermak ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Carley R. Benton ◽  
Arend Bonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity

Skeletal muscle primarily relies on carbohydrate (CHO) for energy provision during high-intensity exercise. We hypothesized that sprint interval training (SIT), or repeated sessions of high-intensity exercise, would induce rapid changes in transport proteins associated with CHO metabolism, whereas changes in skeletal muscle fatty acid transporters would occur more slowly. Eight active men (22 ± 1 yr; peak oxygen uptake = 50 ± 2 ml·kg−1·min−1) performed 4–6 × 30 s all-out cycling efforts with 4-min recovery, 3 days/wk for 6 wk. Needle muscle biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) were obtained before training (Pre), after 1 and 6 wk of SIT, and after 1 and 6 wk of detraining. Muscle oxidative capacity, as reflected by the protein content of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), increased by ∼35% after 1 wk of SIT and remained higher compared with Pre, even after 6 wk of detraining ( P < 0.05). Muscle GLUT4 content increased after 1 wk of SIT and remained ∼20% higher compared with baseline during detraining ( P < 0.05). The monocarboxylate tranporter (MCT) 4 was higher after 1 and 6 wk of SIT compared with Pre, whereas MCT1 increased after 6 wk of training and remained higher after 1 wk of detraining ( P < 0.05). There was no effect of training or detraining on the muscle content of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) or plasma membrane associated fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm) ( P > 0.05). We conclude that short-term SIT induces rapid increases in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity but has divergent effects on proteins associated with glucose, lactate, and fatty acid transport.

Metabolic Profile and Performance Responses During Two Consecutive Sessions of Sprint Interval Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis S. Malta ◽  
Gabriel M.P. Brisola ◽  
Rodrigo A.B. de Poli ◽  
Yago M. Dutra ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals The combined effect of sprint interval training and postexercise blood flow restriction on critical power, capillary growth, and mitochondrial proteins in trained cyclists

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma A. Mitchell ◽  
Neil R. W. Martin ◽  
Mark C. Turner ◽  
Conor W. Taylor ◽  
Richard A. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Flow Restriction

Sprint interval training (SIT) combined with postexercise blood flow restriction (BFR) is a novel method to increase maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) in trained individuals and also provides a potent acute stimulus for angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. The efficacy to enhance endurance performance, however, has yet to be demonstrated. Trained male cyclists ( n = 21) (V̇o2max: 62.8 ± 3.7 ml·min−1·kg−1) undertook 4 wk of SIT (repeated 30-s maximal sprints) either alone (CON; n = 10) or with postexercise BFR ( n = 11). Before and after training V̇o2max, critical power (CP) and curvature constant ( Wʹ) were determined and muscle biopsies obtained for determination of skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial protein content. CP increased ( P = 0.001) by a similar extent following CON (287 ± 39 W to 297 ± 43 W) and BFR (296 ± 40 W to 306 ± 36 W). V̇o2max increased following BFR by 5.9% ( P = 0.02) but was unchanged after CON ( P = 0.56). All markers of skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial protein content were unchanged following either training intervention. In conclusion, 4 wk of SIT increased CP; however, this was not enhanced further with BFR. SIT was not sufficient to elicit changes in skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial protein content with or without BFR. However, we further demonstrate the potency of combining BFR with SIT to enhance V̇o2max in trained individuals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation has demonstrated that 4 wk of sprint interval training (SIT) increased critical power in trained individuals; however, postexercise blood flow restriction (BFR) did not enhance this further. SIT, with or without BFR, did not induce any changes in skeletal muscle capillarity or mitochondrial protein content in our trained population. We do, however, confirm previous findings that SIT combined with BFR is a potent stimulus to enhance maximal oxygen uptake.

scholarly journals Discrete physiological effects of beetroot juice and potassium nitrate supplementation following 4-wk sprint interval training

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1519-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Thompson ◽  
Anni Vanhatalo ◽  
Stefan Kadach ◽  
Lee J. Wylie ◽  
Jonathan Fulford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interval Training ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Severe Intensity ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
And Performance

The physiological and exercise performance adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT) may be modified by dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation. However, it is possible that different types of [Formula: see text] supplementation evoke divergent physiological and performance adaptations to SIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 4-wk SIT with and without concurrent dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation administered as either [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot juice (BR) or potassium [Formula: see text] (KNO3). Thirty recreationally active subjects completed a battery of exercise tests before and after a 4-wk intervention in which they were allocated to one of three groups: 1) SIT undertaken without dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation (SIT); 2) SIT accompanied by concurrent BR supplementation (SIT + BR); or 3) SIT accompanied by concurrent KNO3 supplementation (SIT + KNO3). During severe-intensity exercise, V̇o2peak and time to task failure were improved to a greater extent with SIT + BR than SIT and SIT + KNO3 ( P < 0.05). There was also a greater reduction in the accumulation of muscle lactate at 3 min of severe-intensity exercise in SIT + BR compared with SIT + KNO3 ( P < 0.05). Plasma [Formula: see text] concentration fell to a greater extent during severe-intensity exercise in SIT + BR compared with SIT and SIT + KNO3 ( P < 0.05). There were no differences between groups in the reduction in the muscle phosphocreatine recovery time constant from pre- to postintervention ( P > 0.05). These findings indicate that 4-wk SIT with concurrent BR supplementation results in greater exercise capacity adaptations compared with SIT alone and SIT with concurrent KNO3 supplementation. This may be the result of greater NO-mediated signaling in SIT + BR compared with SIT + KNO3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared the influence of different forms of dietary nitrate supplementation on the physiological and performance adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT). Compared with SIT alone, supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice, but not potassium [Formula: see text], enhanced some physiological adaptations to training.

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