Metabolic and Performance Responses to Repeated Sprint Exercise in Hypoxia in Female Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
Nobukazu Kasai ◽  
Chihiro Kojima ◽  
Kazushige Goto
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
And Performance

Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery and Performance Between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Bram Berntzen ◽  
Gareth W. Davison ◽  
Daniel J. West ◽  
Glyn Howatson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Bram Berntzen ◽  
Gareth Davison ◽  
Daniel West ◽  
Glyn Howatson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Metabolic and Performance Responses to Sprint Exercise under Hypoxia among Female Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. E71-E78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobukazu Kasai ◽  
Chihiro Kojima ◽  
Kazushige Goto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

AbstractThe present study determined metabolic and performance responses to repeated sprint exercise under hypoxia among female team-sport athletes. Fifteen female athletes (age, 20.7±0.2 years; height, 159.6±1.7 cm; body weight, 55.3±1.4 kg) performed two exercise trials under either a hypoxic [HYPO; fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), 14.5%] or normoxic (NOR; FiO2, 20.9%) condition. The exercise consisted of two sets of 8×6-s maximal sprint (pedaling). The average power output was not significantly different between trials for set 1 (P=0.89), but tended to be higher in the NOR trial for set 2 (P=0.05). The post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher in the HYPO trial than that in the NOR trial (P<0.05). Exercise significantly increased serum growth hormone (GH) and cortisol concentrations (P<0.01 for both hormones), with no difference between the trials. In conclusion, repeated short-duration sprints interspaced with 30-s recovery periods in moderate hypoxia caused further increase in blood lactate compared with the same exercise under normoxic conditions among female team-sport athletes. However, exercise-induced GH and cortisol elevations or power output during exercise were not markedly different regardless of the different levels of inspired oxygen.

Female Olympians’ voices: Female sports categories and International Olympic Committee Transgender guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110215
Author(s):  
Cathy Devine
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Fair Inclusion ◽  
Female Sports ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unanimous Agreement

The fair inclusion of female athletes at elite and Olympic levels is secured in most sports by way of female categories because of the extensively documented biological and performance-related differences between the sexes. International policy for transgender inclusion is framed by the definitive International Olympic Committee transgender guidelines in which the International Olympic Committee confirms the ‘overriding sporting objective is and remains the guarantee of fair competition’ and transwomen can be excluded from female categories if, in the interests of fairness, this is necessary and proportionate. Feminist theorists argue justice requires that women have equal moral standing in the sociocultural–political structures of society including sport. As such their voices should carry equal democratic weight. However, female elite and Olympic athletes are rarely heard in the sociocultural–political discourses of academic literature or policy formulation for transgender inclusion in female categories by the International Olympic Committee and governing bodies of sport. This empirical study investigated the views and presents the ‘voices’ of 19 female Olympians. The main findings include (1) these athletes thought both female and transgender athletes should be fairly included in elite sport, (2) unanimous agreement there is not enough scientific evidence to show no competitive advantage for transwomen, (3) unanimous agreement that the International Olympic Committee should revisit the rules and scientific evidence for transgender inclusion in female categories, and (4) the majority of athletes felt that they could not ask questions or discuss this issue without being accused of transphobia.

scholarly journals Effects of Pyruvate Supplementation on High-intensity Interval Exercise Induced Metabolic Acidosis and Repeated Sprint Exercise Performance of College Soccer Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanping yang ◽  
Junqiang Qiu ◽  
Mengyue Wang ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oxidative System

Abstract Background: The effects of pyruvate on metabolic acidosis and oxidative metabolism had been studied. The ability to attenuate acidosis and improve oxidative system contribution are critical to the performance of team sport athletes during perform multiple high-intensity exercise over a limited period of time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pyruvate supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic acidosis during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), as well as to evaluate its role on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance.Methods: 14 well-trained male college soccer athletes (age: 20 ± 2 years, body fat: 13.11 ± 3.50 %) were studied in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The participants ingested either 0.1g/kg/d of pyruvate or a placebo for 1-week. Metabolic acidosis was induced by HIIE after the supplement period, and RSE ability in the acidosis state was assessed. Venous blood pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and base excess (BE) were measured at baseline, pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, pre-RSE and post-RSE. Finger-stick blood lactate were collected at baseline, immediately after each bout of HIIE and 3, 5, 7, 10 min after HIIE. The energy systems contribution during HIIE were estimated. Results: Blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly lower than baseline after HIIE (p < 0.01) in both pyruvate group (PYR) and placebo group (PLA). Compared to PLA, the blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly improved in PYR at pre-HIIE (p < 0.01), post-HIIE (p < 0.01) and pre-RSE (p < 0.01). Furthermore, blood BE remained higher in PYR than PLA till end of RSE (p < 0.05). The contribution of oxidative system in the fourth bout of HIIE was higher in PYR than PLA (p < 0.05). In PLA, the ratio of total anaerobic energy contribution during HIIE was higher than that of aerobic (oxidative) (p < 0.01), but not in PYR (p > 0.05). Relative peak power (RPP) of first, fifth sprint, relative average power (RAP) of fifth sprint, the average of RPP and RAP during RSE were significantly improved in PYR compared with PLA (p < 0.05). While no significant changes in the PD% of each bout (p > 0.05) or average PD% (p > 0.05) were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Pyruvate supplementation for 1-week enhances oxidative system energy contribution and buffers metabolic acidosis during HIIE, and improves RSE performance in acidosis.

Development of a Soccer Simulation Protocol to Include Repeated Sprints and Agility

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keeron J. Stone ◽  
Jonathan L. Oliver ◽  
Michael G. Hughes ◽  
Michael R. Stembridge ◽  
Daniel J. Newcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Match Play ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Repeated Sprints ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Protocol ◽  
And Performance

Existing procedures for the simulation of soccer match play fail to incorporate multidirectional and repeated-sprint activities, even though these movements are considered fundamental to match play. In the current study, selected physiological and performance responses were assessed during an adapted version of an existing soccer simulation protocol. Mean heart rates of 163 ± 14 beats·min–1, mean blood lactates of 4.9 ± 2.3 mmol·L-1 and decrements in single-sprint and repeated-sprint performances were observed. The presented adaptations to an existing soccer simulation protocol better reflect the movement characteristics as well as the physiological and performance responses of soccer match play.

Low energy availability surrogates correlate with health and performance consequences of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E Ackerman ◽  
Bryan Holtzman ◽  
Katherine M Cooper ◽  
Erin F Flynn ◽  
Georgie Bruinvels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Performance Consequences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Low Energy Availability

Low energy availability (EA) is suspected to be the underlying cause of both the Female Athlete Triad and the more recently defined syndrome, Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). The International Olympic Committee (IOC) defined RED-S as a syndrome of health and performance impairments resulting from an energy deficit. While the importance of adequate EA is generally accepted, few studies have attempted to understand whether low EA is associated with the health and performance consequences posited by the IOC.ObjectiveThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association of low EA with RED-S health and performance consequences in a large clinical population of female athletes.MethodsOne thousand female athletes (15–30 years) completed an online questionnaire and were classified as having low or adequate EA. The associations between low EA and the health and performance factors listed in the RED-S models were evaluated using chi-squared test and the odds ratios were evaluated using binomial logistic regression (p<0.05).ResultsAthletes with low EA were more likely to be classified as having increased risk of menstrual dysfunction, poor bone health, metabolic issues, haematological detriments, psychological disorders, cardiovascular impairment and gastrointestinal dysfunction than those with adequate EA. Performance variables associated with low EA included decreased training response, impaired judgement, decreased coordination, decreased concentration, irritability, depression and decreased endurance performance.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that low EA measured using self-report questionnaires is strongly associated with many health and performance consequences proposed by the RED-S models.

Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McDuff ◽  
Todd Stull ◽  
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia ◽  
Mary E Hitchcock ◽  
Brian Hainline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

BackgroundSubstances from various classes may be used for recreational purposes, self-treatment or to boost performance. When substance use shifts from occasional to regular, heavy or hazardous use, positive and negative effects can develop that vary by substance class and athlete. Regular use of recreational or performance enhancing substances can lead to misuse, sanctions or use disorders.ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, patterns of use, risk factors, performance effects and types of intervention for all classes of recreational and performance enhancing substances in elite athletes by sport, ethnicity, country and gender.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies that compared the prevalence and patterns of substance use, misuse and use disorders in elite athletes with those of non-athletes and provided detailed demographic and sport variations in reasons for use, risk factors and performance effects for each main substance class.ResultsAlcohol, cannabis, tobacco (nicotine) and prescribed opioids and stimulants are the most commonly used substances in elite athletes, but generally used at lower rates than in non-athletes. In contrast, use/misuse rates for binge alcohol, oral tobacco, non-prescription opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are higher among athletes than non-athletes, especially in power and collision sports. Cannabis/cannabinoids seem to have replaced nicotine as the second most commonly used substance.ConclusionsSubstance use in elite athletes varies by country, ethnicity, gender, sport and competitive level. There are no studies on substance use disorder prevalence in elite male and female athletes and few studies with direct comparison groups.

scholarly journals Acute performance and physiological responses to repeated‐sprint exercise in a combined hot and hypoxic environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Nobukazu Kasai ◽  
Nanako Hayashi ◽  
Haruka Yatsutani ◽  
Olivier Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Hypoxic Environment
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