Muscle Mass And Training Status Do Not Affect The Number Of Repetitions During Resistance Training

Introduction: The importance and necessity of preventing the occurrence of these diseases in order to maintain and promote health, has attracted the attention of many researchers to methods of preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular injury. Metabolic effects of muscle mass loss due to the natural aging process are caused by decreased muscle activity and lead to high prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors cause disorders in the cardiovascular structure such as myocardial infarction, arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, etc. Research also has shown that muscle strength is inversely related to all causes of death and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide safe resistance training methods for cardiovascular patients. Conclusion Resistance exercise is effective in preventing or reversing the functional, morphological and structural changes of the heart. Research shows that resistance training prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and its function. This can also compensate for the functional decline caused by aging and disease. Because the methods of resistance training are various and are associated with many methodological problems, the study of the effect of exercise and resistance training in cardiovascular patients has always been controversial. This article reviews the findings of previous research examining the effects of the interaction between acute exercise and training in cardiovascular patients, and concludes the principles of prescribing resistance training in these patients. Overall, this study suggests that resistance training is beneficial even for the patients with CHF.

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Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x20001786 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽

Chrissa L. McClellan ◽

Elizabeth J. Parks ◽

Stephen D. Ball

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Training Programme ◽

Haemoglobin A1c ◽

Community Based ◽

Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

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The Positive Impact of Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Serum Leptin Levels in Patients 2–7 Years Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Controlled Clinical Trial

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-021-05494-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isabela Nogueira Martins Sena Rios ◽

Fernando Lamarca ◽

Flávio Teixeira Vieira ◽

Heloísa Antoniella Braz de Melo ◽

Kelly Grace Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Serum Leptin

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Effect of oral DHEA on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2274 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 2274-2283 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Gregory A. Brown ◽

Matthew D. Vukovich ◽

Rick L. Sharp ◽

Tracy A. Reifenrath ◽

Kerry A. Parsons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Young Men ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Treated Group ◽

Whole Body ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Resistance Training Program ◽

Body Resistance ◽

Liver Transaminases ◽

And Training

This study examined the effects of acute dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ingestion on serum steroid hormones and the effect of chronic DHEA intake on the adaptations to resistance training. In 10 young men (23 ± 4 yr old), ingestion of 50 mg of DHEA increased serum androstenedione concentrations 150% within 60 min ( P < 0.05) but did not affect serum testosterone and estrogen concentrations. An additional 19 men (23 ± 1 yr old) participated in an 8-wk whole body resistance-training program and ingested DHEA (150 mg/day, n = 9) or placebo ( n = 10) during weeks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8. Serum androstenedione concentrations were significantly ( P < 0.05) increased in the DHEA-treated group after 2 and 5 wk. Serum concentrations of free and total testosterone, estrone, estradiol, estriol, lipids, and liver transaminases were unaffected by supplementation and training, while strength and lean body mass increased significantly and similarly ( P < 0.05) in the men treated with placebo and DHEA. These results suggest that DHEA ingestion does not enhance serum testosterone concentrations or adaptations associated with resistance training in young men.

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Classification and Determination Model of Resistance Training Status

Strength and Conditioning Journal ◽

10.1519/ssc.0000000000000627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Evaldo Rui T. Santos Junior ◽

Belmiro F. de Salles ◽

Ingrid Dias ◽

Alex S. Ribeiro ◽

Roberto Simão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Training Status

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Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/02601060211060665 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602110606

Author(s):

Tamy Colonetti ◽

Antônio Jose Grande ◽

Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽

Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽

Lisiane Tuon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Relative Index ◽

And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

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Contrasting morphology and training background in waterpolo teams of different competitive levels

Motriz Revista de Educação Física ◽

10.1590/s1980-65742014000300005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 272-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sofia Canossa ◽

José Arturo Abraldes ◽

Susana Soares ◽

María Helena Vila ◽

Carmen Ferragut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Working Group ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Mass Percentage ◽

International Working Group ◽

Arm Span ◽

Training Background ◽

And Training

We aimed to describe and compare the general morphological, somatotype and training background characteristics of Iberian waterpolo players (22 Portuguese and 22 Spanish National Teams players) considering their playing positions. The International Working Group of Kinanthropometry guidelines was herein followed, and a somatochart was obtained through specific software (Somatotype, Calculation and Analysis. (c)2001 SWEAT technologies). Spanish players train more hours per week (22.8 ±9.5 vs.12.2 ±5.6), are taller (187.4 cm ±6.6 vs.180.3 cm ±5.1), heavier (89.2 kg ±11.6 vs.79.1 kg ±10.0), show higher arm span (195.7 cm ±8.5 vs.185.2 cm ±7.4) and muscle mass percentage (49.0% ± 1.8 vs.46.0% ±6.0), and tend to be more mesomorphic (5.19 ±1.27 vs.4.26 ±1.32) than the Portuguese players. Concerning field positions, Spanish center forward players train more hours per week than the Portuguese (20.2 ±9.1 vs.12.2 ±3.8) and show higher arm span (204.4 cm ±7.3 vs.184.0 cm ±6.5). Spanish goal keepers and outside players show higher muscle mass percentage (49.8% ±1.5 vs.42.2% ±5.2 and 49.4% ±1.5 vs.45.5% ±4.6, respectively) than the Portuguese players. These evidences should be taken into account for the improvement of waterpolo sport.

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A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training on Whole-Body Muscle Growth in Healthy Adult Males

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro J. Benito ◽

Rocío Cupeiro ◽

Domingo J. Ramos-Campo ◽

Pedro E. Alcaraz ◽

Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Whole Body ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Significant Variable

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study all published clinical trial interventions, determined the magnitude of whole-body hypertrophy in humans (healthy males) and observed the individual responsibility of each variable in muscle growth after resistance training (RT). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception until 10 May 2018 for original articles assessing the effects of RT on muscle size after interventions of more than 2 weeks of duration. Specifically, we obtain the variables fat-free mass (FMM), lean muscle mass (LMM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The effects on outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) and a random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regressions determined covariates (age, weight, height, durations in weeks…) to explore the moderate effect related to the participants and characteristics of training. One hundred and eleven studies (158 groups, 1927 participants) reported on the effects of RT for muscle mass. RT significantly increased muscle mass (FFM+LMM+SMM; Δ1.53 kg; 95% CI [1.30, 1.76], p < 0.001; I2 = 0%, p = 1.00). Considering the overall effects of the meta-regression, and taking into account the participants’ characteristics, none of the studied covariates explained any effect on changes in muscle mass. Regarding the training characteristics, the only significant variable that explained the variance of the hypertrophy was the sets per workout, showing a significant negative interaction (MD; estimate: 1.85, 95% CI [1.45, 2.25], p < 0.001; moderator: -0.03 95% CI [−0.05, −0.001] p = 0.04). In conclusion, RT has a significant effect on the improvement of hypertrophy (~1.5 kg). The excessive sets per workout affects negatively the muscle mass gain.

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