Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽  
Chrissa L. McClellan ◽  
Elizabeth J. Parks ◽  
Stephen D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Challenging the “jolly fat” hypothesis among older adults: High body mass index predicts increases in depressive symptoms over a 5-year period

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joseph Dearborn ◽  
Michael A Robbins ◽  
Merrill F Elias
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Objectively Measured

Several investigators have observed lowered risk of depression among obese older adults, coining the “jolly fat” hypothesis. We examined this hypothesis using baseline and a 5-year follow-up body mass index, depressive symptoms, and covariates from 638 community-based older adults. High objectively measured body mass index and functional limitations predicted increased future depressive symptoms. However, symptoms did not predict future body mass index. Self-reported body mass index showed similar associations despite underestimating obesity prevalence. Results did not differ on the basis of gender. Results for this study, the first longitudinal reciprocal risk analysis between objectively measured body mass index and depressive symptoms among older adults, do not support the “jolly fat” hypothesis.

scholarly journals Results of a community-based weight-bearing resistance training programme for healthy Chilean elderly subjects

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bunout ◽  
Gladys Barrera ◽  
Marcelo Avendaño ◽  
Pia de la Maza ◽  
Vivien Gattas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Prevalence of low muscle mass according to body mass index in older adults

Nutrition ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe E. Graf ◽  
Claude Pichard ◽  
François R. Herrmann ◽  
Cornel C. Sieber ◽  
Dina Zekry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass

scholarly journals Relationships Between Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, Muscle Mass, and Musculoskeletal Pain in Community Residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 3511-3520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Jin Yoo ◽  
Nam Han Cho ◽  
Seung Hun Lim ◽  
Hyun Ah Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Community Residents

scholarly journals Analiza składu ciała zawodników w trakcie bezpośredniego przygotowania startowego do Głównych Mistrzostw Polski w Pływaniu w 2016 roku

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Żaneta Ciosek ◽  
Magdalena Ptak ◽  
Aleksandra Szylińska ◽  
Karolina Kot ◽  
Adam Drozd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass

Wstęp: Pływanie to dyscyplina sportowa oraz forma aktywności fizycznej, która znacząco podnosi wydolność fizyczną organizmu. W obecnych czasach sport wyczynowy stawia przed trenerami i zawodnikami wysokie wymagania. Żeby uzyskać oczekiwane efekty, zawodnicy szkoleni są na najwyższym poziomie. Celem badań była analiza składu ciała zawodników w trakcie bezpośredniego przygotowania startowego do Głównych Mistrzostw Polski w Pływaniu w 2016 r.Materiały i metody: Badania wykonano w trakcie bezpośredniego przygotowania startowego do Głównych Mistrzostw Polski w Pływaniu, które miały miejsce w Szczecinie w 2016 r. W badaniu wzięło udział 34 zawodników – 7 zawodniczek 16.–19. r.ż. (średnia wieku 18,2 lat) oraz 27 zawodników 16.–24. r.ż. (średnia wieku 18,8 lat). U każdego z uczestników badań przeprowadzono 6-krotną analizę składu ciała metodą bioimpedancji elektrycznej (Tanita BC-420 MA). Do analizy statystycznej jako główne dane wykorzystano pomiary masy kostnej (bone mass – BM), masy tkanki tłuszczowej w segmentach ciała, beztłuszczowej masy ciała (free fat mass – FFM), masy tkanki mięśniowej (muscle mass – MM), całkowitej zawartości wody worganizmie oraz wskaźnika masy ciała (body mass index – BMI).Wyniki: W analizie zawartości masy tkanki tłuszczowej badanych zawodników przed I treningiem zaobserwowano istotne statycznie obniżenie w III (p = 0,038), IV (p = 0,038) i VI (p < 0,001) tygodniu treningu. Średni BMI obniżył się u osób przed VI treningiem w porównaniu do treningu I (p = 0,036). W analizie zawartości FFM, MM, BM w organizmie w poszczególnych pomiarach nie zaobserwowano różnic istotnych statystycznie.Wnioski: Bezpośrednie przygotowanie startowe do Mistrzostw Polski w Pływaniu nie powoduje zmiany w zawartości FFM, MM, BM w organizmie zawodnika. Jedynie po 6 tygodniach treningów obniżeniu uległa zawartość masy tkanki tłuszczowej, co w konsekwencji wpływa na spadek BMI zawodników.

scholarly journals Associations of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat Mass With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of UK Biobank Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Knowles ◽  
Jennifer Carter ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Derrick Bennett ◽  
Sarah Lewington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background There is debate whether body mass index is a good predictor of health outcomes because different tissues, namely skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM), may be differentially associated with risk. We investigated the association of appendicular SMM (aSMM) and FM with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality. We compared their prognostic value to that of body mass index. Methods and Results We studied 356 590 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years with bioimpedance analysis data for whole‐body FM and predicted limb muscle mass (to calculate aSMM). Associations between aSMM and FM with CVD and all‐cause mortality were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Over 3 749 501 person‐years of follow‐up, there were 27 784 CVD events and 15 844 all‐cause deaths. In men, aSMM was positively associated with CVD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06–1.09) and there was a curvilinear association in women. There were stronger positive associations between FM and CVD with HRs per SD of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.19–1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.23–1.27) in men and women respectively. Within FM tertiles, the associations between aSMM and CVD risk largely persisted. There were J‐shaped associations between aSMM and FM with all‐cause mortality in both sexes. Body mass index was modestly better at discriminating CVD risk. Conclusions FM showed a strong positive association with CVD risk. The relationship of aSMM with CVD risk differed between sexes, and potential mechanisms need further investigation. Body fat and SMM bioimpedance measurements were not superior to body mass index in predicting population‐level CVD incidence or all‐cause mortality.

Mo1311 Body Mass Index (BMI) Is Better At Predicting Fat Mass Than Muscle Mass in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-633-S-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Bryant ◽  
Christopher G. Schultz ◽  
Rachel Grafton ◽  
Julie C. Hughes ◽  
Charlotte Goess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals The Relationship between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Body Composition among Students at a Pre-University Centre in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
You HW ◽  
Tan PL ◽  
Mat Ludin AF
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an essential element in our daily life that leads to long-term health benefits. Physical activity refers to movement of the body that requires energy. Body mass index (BMI) indicates a ratio of body weight to squared height, which is a useful health indicator. On the contrary, body composition describes the body by measuring percentages of fat and muscle in human bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activities, BMI and body composition among pre-university students from one of the universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit 70 pre-university students into this study. RESULTS: From the study, 50% of the respondents are categorized as minimally active. In addition, there is significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female respondents. The relationship between physical activity and BMI indicates a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between physical activity and fat mass is a weak negative relationship. Meanwhile, there is a weak positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that when physical activity increases, BMI and body fat mass will decrease, while muscle mass will increase. Moreover, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and body composition. 

Circuit Training Improvements in Korean Women with Sarcopenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Sang Jung ◽  
Yae-Young Kim ◽  
Hun-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Circuit Exercise

Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function. We investigated the effect of circuit training on body composition, balance, muscle mass and strength, and pulmonary function in Korean women with sarcopenia. We randomly assigned 26 Korean women with sarcopenia ( Mage = 74.9, SD = 4.5 years) to either an exercise group (EG) ( n = 13) or a control group (CG) ( n = 13). The EG performed 25-75 minutes of circuit exercise training (gradually increasing time periods) three times per week over 12 weeks, while the CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight (BW), forced vital capacity, percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow 25–75% before and after the intervention. The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., body mass index, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < .032, η2 > 0.180), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10-m walk; all p < .050, η2 > 0.151), muscular function (i.e., 90°/s and 180°/s peak power per kilogram BW, 90°/s average power per kilogram BW, 180°/s total work, and 180°/s endurance ratio; all p < .045, η2 > 0.157), and pulmonary function (all p < .005, η2 > 0.292). On the other hand, the CG showed no significant changes. Circuit exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and pulmonary function in women with sarcopenia.

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