scholarly journals Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Regulation of Blood Glucose during Aerobic Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Blair D. Johnson ◽  
Ana B. Peinado ◽  
Jennifer L. Taylor ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Carotid Body

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Improves Sepsis via Impairing LPS-induced Lactate and HMGB1 Release in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xishuai Wang ◽  
zhiqing Wang ◽  
donghui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Aortic Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Purpose: In the present study, we attempted to investigate whether aerobic exercise (AE) could prevent sepsis and its complications and explored the related mechanisms. Methods: Forty ICR mice were divided into four groups: Control (Con), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Exercise (Ex), and Exercise + LPS (Ex + LPS) groups. Ex and Ex + LPS mice were performed with low-intensity AE for 4 weeks. LPS and Ex + LPS mice received 5 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally for induction of sepsis. Histopathological micrographs showed the organ injury. This study examined the effects of AE on LPS-induced changes in systemic inflammation, pulmonary inflammation, lung permeability, oxidative stress-related indicators in the lung, blood glucose levels, plasma lactate levels, and plasma high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count. Sixty mice were used to perform survival rate analysis. Results: AE improved survival rates, MODS, and aortic injury in mice with sepsis. AE decreased LPS-induced oxidative stress injury in lung tissue. AE reduced the infiltration of neutrophils in the lung, liver, kidney, and heart tissues. AE suppressed CXCL-1, CXCL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression but activated IL-1RN, IL-10, Sirt-1, and Nrf-2 mRNA expression in the lung. AE decreased the serum levels of lactate and HMGB1 but increased blood glucose levels during sepsis. Conclusions: AE improves sepsis-associated lung, liver, kidney, heart, and aortic injury and death. AE modulates the inflammatory-anti-inflammatory and oxidative-antioxidative balance in the lung. AE, which can regulate the Warburg effect and impair LPS-induced lactate and HMGB1 release, is a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis targeting aerobic glycolysis.

scholarly journals Comparing two treatment approaches for patients with type 1 diabetes during aerobic exercise: a randomised, crossover study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Vartak ◽  
Lynne Chepulis ◽  
Matt Driller ◽  
Ryan Paul
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mild Hypoglycaemia

Abstract In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean ± SD age: 27.6 ± 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate/kg of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart. Each session included standardised meals, a 45-minute treadmill-walk at 7.24 km.h-1 and a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood glucose, blood ketone and blood lactate measures were taken before, during and immediately after the aerobic exercise. The distance covered in metres and the predicted VO2 max (mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1) were also calculated for the 6MWT. Participants completing the INS intervention spent more time in normoglycaemia (242 ± 135 min vs 88 ± 132 min; P < 0.01) and less time in hyperglycaemia (41 ± 95 min vs 154 ± 125 min; P = 0.01) as compared to the CARBS intervention. Mild hypoglycaemia occurred in two participants during INS and no participants during CARBS. Furthermore, there was no significant difference for blood lactate, ketone, RPE, distance covered and predicted VO2 max between interventions. Based on this pilot study, INS intervention appears to be the best approach for maintaining blood glucose levels in those with T1D during aerobic exercise, though this does need evaluating in other groups, including women, children and those with sub-optimal glycaemic control. Trial registration: ACTRN12619001397101p. Registered 09 September 2019, http://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378264

Resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise combined with metformin therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12-week comparative clinical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Study Program

Backgrounds: Both exercise and metformin are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while no previous studies have investigated the effect of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients Methods: Fifty-seven T2DM patients with a mean age of 46.2±8.3 years were randomized to three study groups, each group included nineteen patients. The first group conducted a resistance exercise program (REP, 50-60% of 1RM, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, the second group conducted an aerobic exercise program (AEP, 50-70% maxHR, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, and the third group received only metformin without exercise intervention (Met group). The study program was conducted trice weekly for executive twelve weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were evaluated before and after study intervention. Results: Significant differences were reported after the 12-week intervention inter-groups in the outcome variables (p˂0.05). FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max improved significantly in REP group (p˂0.001) and also in the AEP group (p=0.016, p=0.036, p=0.024, and p=0.019 respectively) while the Met group showed only significant reduction in FBG (p=0.049), and non-significant changes in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max (p˃0.05). REP group achieved greater improvements than AEP group (FBG, p=0.034; HbA1c%, p=0.002; HOMA-IR, p˂0.001; and VO2max, p=0.024). Conclusions: Both resistance and aerobic exercise programs combined with metformin are effective in controlling T2DM. Resistance exercise combined with metformin is more effective than aerobic exercise combined with metformin in the treatment of T2DM.

scholarly journals Comparing Two Treatment Approaches for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes During Aerobic Exercise: a Randomised, Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Vartak ◽  
Lynne Chepulis ◽  
Matthew Driller ◽  
Ryan G. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mild Hypoglycaemia

Abstract Background In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean ± SD age, 27.6 ± 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart. Each session included standardised meals, a 45-min treadmill walk at 7.24 km h−1 and a 6-min walk test (6MWT). Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood glucose, ketone and lactate measures were taken before, during and immediately after the aerobic exercise. The distance covered in metres and the predicted VO2 max (mL kg−1 min−1) were also calculated for the 6MWT. Results Participants completing the INS intervention spent more time in normoglycaemia (242 ± 135 min vs 88 ± 132 min; P < 0.01) and less time in hyperglycaemia (41 ± 95 min vs 154 ± 125 min; P = 0.01) as compared to the CARBS intervention. Mild hypoglycaemia occurred in two participants during INS and no participants during CARBS. Furthermore, there was no significant difference for blood lactate, ketone, RPE, distance covered and predicted VO2 max between interventions. Conclusion Based on this pilot study, INS intervention appears to be the best approach for maintaining blood glucose levels in those with T1D during aerobic exercise, though this does need evaluation in other groups, including women, children and those with suboptimal glycaemic control. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619001397101p. Registered 09 September 2019.

scholarly journals PO-020 Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Myocardial Injury Through Activation of SIRT1 Signaling in T2DM Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Yuqian Liu ◽  
Duofu Peng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Nadh Ratio ◽  
Cell Contour

Objective Myocardial injury caused by elevated blood glucose is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cardiomyopathy. Aerobic exercise can significantly improve the energy metabolism and is widely used in clinic to prevent and cure T2DM and other metabolic diseases. Myocardial injury can be attenuated after aerobic exercise. Some researches showed SIRT1 is a histone deacetylation enzyme activated by NAD+/NADH, and mainly distributes in the heart, liver, etc. SIRT1 plays an important role in controlling the insulin secretion, which can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and some other important biological functions. It is not known whether the myocardial injury was reduced by regulating the level of SIRT1 after aerobic exercise. The purpose of the research was to illustrate the regulatory mechanism of decreased myocardial injury after aerobic exercise, and provided theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of T2DM myocardial injury.  Methods There were two stages in the experiment. At the first stage, 30 male SD rats,12-month old, were randomly divided into two groups, the control group (CC, fed with standard diet and kept sedentary, 8 rats), the high-sugar-lipid fodder for T2DM model Group (DC, kept sedentary, 22 rats). High sugar and high fat diet formula for 10% lard, 20% sucrose, egg yolk powder 8%, 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, 61.9% basic feed, AIN-93g, provided by animal experimental center of Hebei Province. After 5-week high-sugar-lipid fodder, the DC rats were injected streptozocin (STZ, 35mg/kg), the FBG of the tail vein were measured after 12h, and FBG≥7.0mmol/L was defined as T2DM model. Six rats were excluded because of low FBG (<7.0mmol/L). At the second stage, all of the rats were fed with standard diet. The T2DM rats were randomly assigned to the T2DM group (DC, kept sedentary, 8 rats)  and T2DM combined with aerobic exercise, (DE, run on treadmill at 15m/min～19m/min, 45min/d, slope 5%, 6d/w, 5W, 8 rats). The myocardial tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the histological changes. The level of serum insulin was examined by ELISA kits. The content of serum glucose, the activity of SOD and the content of MDA in heart were examined by reagent kits after 5 weeks. The expression of SIRT1 protein in heart were measured using Western blot. ELISA kits were used for the determination of the NAD+/NADH ratio.  Results (1) The myocardial sections of CC can be observed clear cell contour, bright color, arranged closely and neatly, and nuclear distribution in cells border and nuclei of uniform size. In DC myocardial sections, myocardial cell contour was fuzzy, nuclei were relatively large, reduced the number of nuclei and inward migration. The broken cells and part of the cells and nuclei overflow can also be seen. The shape of nucleus was irregular and shifted to the internal. In myocardial cell sections of DE rats, the cell profile was relatively clear, and arranged more orderly, a larger number of nuclei, generated less shift. (2) The plasma insulin of DE were obviously lower than that of DC (P<0.01). The content of serum glucose of DE was significantly decreased compared with that of DC (P<0.01). (3) The ratio of NAD+/NADH in DE heart was higher than that of DC (P<0.05). (4) The expression of SIRT1 in DE heart was higher than that of DC (P<0.05). (5)The activity of SOD in DE heart was increased while the content of MDA in DE was significantly decreased compared with those in DC (P<0.01).  Conclusions Aerobic exercise can effectively reduced the blood glucose level of T2DM rats. The NAD+/NADH ratio in the myocardium of T2DM rats were increased after the aerobic exercise. As a result, the content of SIRT1 protein in myocardial cells of T2DM rats were increased after the aerobic exercise, which resulted in the increased SOD activity and antioxidant capacity in the cardiac muscle cells, which lead to the attenuated myocardial injury in T2DM rats .

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Aerobic Exercise Performed at Different Times of Day on Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Costas Chryssanthopoulos ◽  
Michaella Alexandrou ◽  
Maria Horianopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Alexandros Stogios ◽  
Paraskevas Ioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Glucose Levels

AIM: There is some evidence to suggest that exercise in the evening, compared with exercise in the morning, has a more beneficial impact on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to examine a possible acute effect of aerobic exercise performed at different times of day on blood glucose levels during and after exercise in patients with T2D. MATERIAL & METHOD: Eight male T2D patients (61.8 ± 6.9 yrs, 27.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2, HbA1c: 6.5 ± 1.1%; mean ± SD), who did not receive insulin, performed 60-min cycling at about 75% maximal heart rate (HRmax) either at 10:30 (Morning-M), or at 17:30 (Evening-E), or 30-min cycling at 10:30 and 30-min cycling at 17:30 (ME). A control condition (C) was also included where volunteers did not exercise but had their blood glucose measured at day-time intervals similar to the time intervals of the three exercise trials. Two days before each condition no physical activity was allowed, while the day before and on the day of each trial participants controlled their diet. RESULTS: Compared to resting levels, blood glucose at the end of exercise decreased at similar levels in M (20 ± 12%), E (28 ± 14%), in the morning of ME (21 ± 10%) and in the evening of ME (26 ± 19%) (p > 0.05). Also, heart rate, blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion responses during exercise were similar between the 3 exercise conditions. Mean area under the blood glucose-time curve over the two-hour post-exercise period in exercise trials, and at similar time intervals in C, was different only between the morning in C (15,173 ± 1830 mg/dL•120 min) and the evening in ME (11,681 ± 1526 mg/dL•120 min, p = 0.045). In addition, overnight fasting serum glucose the morning after each trial was similar between conditions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No acute effect of cycling at about 75% HRmax was observed on glycemia in patients with T2D when exercise was performed at different times of day.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Glucose and CVD Risk in Glucose Metabolism Disorders People

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shousheng Xu ◽  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Zhengzhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Cvd Risk

scholarly journals Therapeutic Exercise Platform for Type-2 Diabetic Mellitus

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1820
Author(s):  
Je-Hoon Lee ◽  
Jai-Chang Park ◽  
Seong-Beom Kim
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Exercise enables continuous glycemic control for diabetic patients, and it is effective in preventing diabetic complications and maintaining emotional stability. However, it is difficult for diabetic patients to know the appropriate intensity and duration of exercise. Excessive exercise causes sudden hypoglycemia, and patients avoid therapeutic exercise or perform it conservatively owing to the repeated hypoglycemia symptoms. In this paper, we propose a new therapeutic exercise platform that supports type 2 diabetes patients to exercise regularly according to the exercise prescription received from the hospital. The proposed platform includes the following three significant contributions. First, we develop a hardware platform that automatically tracks and records all aerobic exercise performed by a patient indoors or outdoors using a wearable band and aerobic exercise equipment. Second, we devise a patient-specific exercise stress test to know whether the patient is exercising according to his or her usual exercise regimen. Finally, we develop a mobile application that informs patients in real-time whether they are exercising appropriately for their exercise regimen each time they exercise. For platform evaluation and future improvement, we received satisfaction ratings and functional improvements through a questionnaire survey on 10 type 2 diabetes patients and 10 persons without a diabetes diagnosis who had used the proposed platform for more than 3 months. Most users were (1) satisfied with automatic exercise recording, and (2) exercise time increased. Diabetics reported that their fasting blood glucose was dropped, and they were more motivated to exercise. These results prove that exercise must be combined with medication for blood glucose management in chronic diabetic patients. The proposed platform can be helpful for patients to continue their daily exercise according to their exercise prescription.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document