Prevalence Of Low Bmd Of High-level Kenyan Male And Female Distance Runners Compared To Kenyan Controls

AbstractFatty liver index (FLI), a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, has been reported to be associated with several metabolic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between FLI and new onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated the association of FLI with new onset of DM during a 10-year period in subjects who received annual health examinations (n = 28,990). After exclusion of subjects with DM at baseline and those with missing data, a total of 12,290 subjects (male/female: 7925/4365) who received health examinations were recruited. FLI was significantly higher in males than in females. During the 10-year period, DM was developed in 533 males (6.7%) and 128 females (2.9%). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a restricted cubic spline showed that the risk of new onset of DM increased with a higher FLI at baseline in both sexes after adjustment of age, fasting plasma glucose, habits of alcohol drinking and current smoking, family history of DM and diagnosis of hypertension and dyslipidemia at baseline. When the subjects were divided into subgroups according to tertiles of FLI level at baseline (T1–T3) in the absence and presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hazard ratios after adjustment of the confounders gradually increased from T1 to T3 and from the absence to presence of IFG in both male and female subjects. In conclusion, a high level of FLI predicts new onset of DM in a general population of both male and female individuals.

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Physiologic Comparison of Adolescent Female and Male Cross-Country Runners

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2.4.313 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 313-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lee N. Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Female Adolescent ◽

Running Economy ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Male And Female ◽

Cross Country ◽

Cross Country Runners

To compare the physiologic differences between adolescent male and female cross-country runners, 12 male and 12 female high school nonelite distance runners who had competed successfully at the All State 5-km championship cross-country meet were tested in the laboratory. Data were analyzed in relation to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), and running economy (RE). Male runners were taller, heavier, had less body fat, and ran faster by 2 minutes and 18 seconds than female runners. Running economy was similar between gender. VO2 at a 215 m•min−1 pace was 46.7 ml•kg−1•min−1 for male runners and 47.8 ml•kg−1•min−1 for female runners. At the VT, males demonstrated a higher VO2 and treadmill velocity than females. Heart rate, percent HR max, and percent VO2 max at the VT were not different between gender. Males demonstrated a higher VO2 max of 74.6 versus 66.1 ml•kg−1•min−1 than female runners. The fractional utilization of VO2 at race pace was not different between males (90%) and females (91%). In conclusion, the primary physiologic determinant for performance differences between nonelite, competitive male and female adolescent distance runners is associated with VO2 max.

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Dental Interns’ Perceptions of Their Training Experiences at Different Training Centers: A Look at Work Environment and Supervision

10.21203/rs.3.rs-864848/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Alenezi

Keyword(s):

Work Environment ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Field Experience ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Training Experience ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Third ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Strongly Agree ◽

High Level

Abstract Background: the aim of this study was to explore dental interns perceptions on their learning environment and supervision. Methods: This survey was in form of questioner in which interns are required to fill and submit at the end of each training rotation. The questionnaire includes 20 items and was divided into three main parts: the first part of the questionnaire evaluated the interns perception toward the learning outcomes obtained from the field experience and their development. The second part of the study assessed the interns' perceptions toward their supervisors. The third part of the questionnaire investigated the interns' perceptions toward training centers facilities. Results: A total number of 234 questioners were filled and submitted by interns in which 134 from male intern (57.3%) and 100 from female interns (42.7%). In general, the interns from both genders appeared very satisfied with their training experience. With all the questionnaire 20 items, more than 75% of the obtained answers was either agree or strongly agree with similar obtained from both male and female interns. Conclusions: High level of satisfaction can be obtained when the the field experience outcomes is clearly explained to the dental interns. In addition, the availability of supervisors with full awareness of learning outcomes will improve the learning experience of dental interns.

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Better economy in field running than on the treadmill: evidence from high-level distance runners

Biology of Sport ◽

10.5604/20831862.1144418 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 155-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Martin Mooses ◽

Bert Tippi ◽

Kerli Mooses ◽

Jérôme Durussel ◽

Jarek Mäestu

Keyword(s):

Distance Runners ◽

High Level

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COUPLING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent104873-6 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 104 (6) ◽

pp. 873-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. Pickford ◽

C. Gillott

Keyword(s):

Sexual Activity ◽

Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mating ◽

Unfavourable Weather ◽

High Level

AbstractThe mechanics of coupling in Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.) are described and differences between some species of Acrididae discussed. A high level of coupling activity was revealed with the most active male and female mating 56 and 46 times, respectively. In addition, multiple daily matings, to a maximum of five, were common. The majority of copulations occurred during the morning in both laboratory and field; however, in the latter, unfavourable weather restricted sexual activity. Coupling did not appear to occur at random; significant preferences were shown by certain males for certain females.

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Investigating the circumstances under which singers use imagery: A pilot study

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735619868299 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 030573561986829 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brianna DeSantis ◽

Sarah Deck ◽

Craig Hall

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Character Development ◽

Performance Anxiety ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Male And Female ◽

Vocal Technique ◽

Professional Dancers ◽

High Level

This is a qualitative study in which detailed, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six male and female high-level singers. In comparison to Nordin and Cumming’s work on professional dancers, some similarities and some unique differences emerged from the results. The Four Ws framework was employed, which involves Where, What, Why, and When singers image. Like in Nordin and Cumming’s study, How was a dimension that emerged inductively from the results. Singers mainly used imagery for improving vocal technique, performance anxiety, and character development.

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