Photogrammetric processing and application of multi-temporal satellite imagery stereopairs

Stereopairs of very-high resolution satellite imagery constitute one of the key high-accurate data sources on heights. A stereophotogrammetric technique is a key method of processing these data. Despite that a number of spacecrafts gathering very-high-resolution imagery in a stereo mode constantly increases, the area of the Earth regularly covered by such data and stored in the archives of RSD operators remains relatively small and, as a rule, is limited only to large urban agglomerations. The new collection may not suit the customer for several reasons. Firstly, the materials of the new stereo collection are more expensive than those of the archived one. Secondly, due to unfavourable weather conditions and a busy schedule of satellites, the completion of the new collection may go beyond the deadline specified by the customer. Well known and brand-new criteria to form multi-temporal, stereopairs are analyzed. The specific of photogrammetric processing multi-temporal stereopairs is demonstrated. Application of multi-temporal stereopairs is described. In conclusion it is confirmed that 3D-models and high accurate DTMs can be generated basing on stereo models from multi-temporal satellite imagery in the absence of the following data

Insight into festival ushered pollutants in Indian metro cities: concerns, differences and similarities

Multi-fold increase in particulate matter (PM) and trace gases in connection with celebrations associated with firework displays is a matter of concern all over the world. The current study, commenced as an assessment of pollutant escalation due to the key Indian festival event through observations online and cumulative sampling along with chemical speciation of particulates and trace gases over four SAFAR networked mega and metro cities of India viz. Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai and Pune. It is seen that the amplitude and duration of the event is largely dependent on the attitude and culture of the inhabitants of each city; PM2.5 and PM10 in Delhi are observed to increase by 353% and 213% respectively. In Pune and Ahmedabad, enhancement in PM2.5 is half of that of Delhi while the effect in Mumbai is just 1/7th of Pune, where variation is atypical to other cities. The enhanced pollution levels may lead to chronic or acute health emergency if they persist for long hours under unfavourable weather conditions. Metal content (K, Mg, Na, Mn and Pb) in PM 2.5 has nearly doubled in all the cities; huge increase in pulmonary range particulates and the steep elevation in their heavy metal content is a matter of concern due to their toxicity and acute health effects. Trace gases, NOx and CO which are also a health worry indicate a continuing increase due to the festival episode that happened in a non-conducive weather.

Ensuring Chemical Safety Of Flour And Bakery Products In Surkhandarya

At present, due to changing ecological situation in the country, unfavourable weather conditions, uneven operation of industrial enterprises, especially the use of chemicals in agriculture, etc. (Pollution, increased waste, weakened control) a certain amount of different elements in the composition of food.

Forecast of oil slick drift from Ulysse/ CSL Virginia and Grande America accidents

number 1141410 Two recent accidents with a significant oil spill occurred near the French coast. One in the Mediterranean Sea and the other in the Bay of Biscay. On October 7, 2018, the Tunisian ro-ro vessel Ulysses collided with the Cypriot container ship CSL Virginia at anchor off northern Corsica. The spilled bunker oil could not be fully recovered by the French and Italian anti-pollution vessels due to unfavourable weather conditions. Pellets and highly viscous patties arrived on the beaches of the French Riviera on October 16, 2018. The beaching dates and locations of the main slicks were perfectly predicted using the MOTHY drift model combined with the currents of the CMEMS MED-Currents system. On March 12, 2019, the merchant ship Grande America sank at a depth of 4600 m, 350 km off the French coast, in the Bay of Biscay. It caused a spill of bunker oil and loss of containers. The MOTHY drift model is used daily during the aerial surveillance and recovery at sea period. It provides drift forecasts for oil slicks and containers up to 3 days in deterministic mode and up to 10 days in probabilistic mode. Long-term modelling of residual diffused pollution is also carried out, in particular to manage continuous leakage from the wreck. A technical committee of experts meets daily to evaluate drift observations and forecasts. It focuses on the best choices of available ocean models. Drift forecasts did not indicate any oil arrival to the coast. This allowed the authorities to organise the response at sea without mobilising resources ashore. Indeed, no pollution was observed on the coasts.

Climate Change: Threat to Agricultural System and Food Security in Africa

Climate change is unequivocal and nothing hides itself from its negative repercussions. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa will continue to be impacted due to their low adaptive capacities and geographic position. Unfavourable weather trends coupled with climatic variations will have adverse effect on agricultural sector which is the main source of livelihood to rural households on the continent. This literature review article assessed the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security in Africa. The lives of several in Africa cling on agriculture as it supports majority of the population. However, since over 90 percent of agriculture system in the region depends on rainfall, livelihoods of the citizens on the continent have been hit hard due to rising temperature, erratic rainfall and extreme weather conditions.

Selection of high-yielding pea varieties in the conditions of the Cis-Ural steppe zone of the Bashkortostan Republic

Peas have become the most important leguminous crop worldwide. Large areas in Russia are used for pea growing. Unfavourable weather and climatic conditions often lead to a significant yield decline. There is an urgent need to develop new high-yielding varieties adapted to local conditions. The current paper presents the results of long-term breeding of modern pea cultivars Chishminsky 229, Pamiati Hangildina, Pamiati Popova, meeting the requirements of agricultural production. The research was conducted in the Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute. The varieties were bred by repeated single selection based on intervariety hybridization. Chishminsky 229 and Pamiati Hangildina cultivars are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Pamiati Popova is currently undergoing state variety testing. According to the comparative testing in 2016-2020, the excess yield compared to Chishminsky 95 standard variety was 2.1 c/ha for Chishminsky 229 variety, 1.9 c/ha for Pamiati Hangildina cultivar, and 3.2 c/ha for Pamiati Popova cultivar.

The Ladoga Tragedy of September 17, 1941: Underreported Facts

The topic of studying the history of the great Patriotic war, which is still relevant, is reflected. One of the little known pages of the besieged Leningrad is presented-the story of the death of people in the Ladoga tragedy on September 17, 1941 on barge No. 752. It considers the beginning of water evacuation from the blockaded Leningrad. Based on the memories of participants in those events and a number of documents, the paper discloses the factors that resulted in mass death of Red Navy officers, among whom were cadets and officers of the Dzerzhinsky High Navy Engineering School, Ordzhonikidze Navy Hydrographic School, graduates of the Naval Medical Academy, and their family members. The reasons of the tragedy were significant overload of the barge, underestimated unfavourable weather forecasts, lack of evacuation plan, unsuitable floating craft for transporting people, and neglected safety. Archival materials made it possible to reconstruct the barge sinking. Surge of Hitlers troop attacks in early times of the Great Patriotic War predetermined a less-than-prompt organisation of evacuation from Leningrad. This also was due to the fact that pre-war mobilisation plans did not consider mass evacuation measures and, accordingly, there were no clear tried and true plans. The authors of the article present separate archival summaries of the said events.

Vessel Detection and Tracking Method Based on Video Surveillance

Ship detection and tracking is a basic task in any vessel traffic monitored area, whether marine or inland. It has a major impact on navigational safety and thus different systems and technologies are used to determine the best possible methods of detecting and identifying sailing units. Video monitoring is present in almost all of them, but it is usually operated manually and is used as a backup system. This is because of the difficulties in implementing an efficient and universal automatic detection method that would work in quickly alternating environmental conditions for all kind of sailing units—from kayaks to seagoing merchant vessels. This paper presents a method that allows the detection and tracking of ships using the video streams of existing monitoring systems for ports and rivers. The method and the results of experiments on three sets of data using cameras with different characteristics, settings, and scene locations are presented. The experiments were carried out in variable light and weather conditions, and a wide range of unit types were used as detection objectives. The results confirm the usability of the proposed solution; however, some minor issues were encountered in the presence of ships wakes or highly unfavourable weather conditions.