Pavlovian Processes in Consumer Choice: The Physical Presence of a Good Increases Willingness-to-Pay

This paper describes a series of laboratory experiments studying whether the form in which items are displayed at the time of decision affects the dollar value that subjects place on them. Using a Becker-DeGroot auction under three different conditions—(i) text displays, (ii) image displays, and (iii) displays of the actual items—we find that subjects' willingness-to-pay is 40–61 percent larger in the real than in the image and text displays. Furthermore, follow-up experiments suggest the presence of the real item triggers preprogrammed consummatory Pavlovian processes that promote behaviors that lead to contact with appetitive items whenever they are available. (JEL C91, D03, D12, D87)

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Efficacy and safety of long-acting pasireotide in acromegalic patients in the real life: The reappraisal of the first-dose follow-up visit

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.70.aep1065 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Claudio Urbani ◽

Francesca Dassie ◽

Benedetta Zampetti ◽

Di Certo Agostino Maria ◽

Renato Cozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

The Real ◽

Long Acting

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447 Cost-Effectiveness of a 3-Year Tele-OSA Intervention

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A177-A177

Author(s):

Jaejin An ◽

Dennis Hwang ◽

Jiaxiao Shi ◽

Amy Sawyer ◽

Aiyu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Incremental Cost ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Small Sample ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Cost

Abstract Introduction Trial-based tele-obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) cost-effectiveness analyses have often been inconclusive due to small sample sizes and short follow-up. In this study, we report the cost-effectiveness of Tele-OSA using a larger sample from a 3-month trial that was augmented with 2.75 additional years of epidemiologic follow-up. Methods The Tele-OSA study was a 3-month randomized trial conducted in Kaiser Permanente Southern California that demonstrated improved adherence in patients receiving automated feedback messaging regarding their positive airway pressure (PAP) use when compared to usual care. At the end of the 3 months, participants in the intervention group pseudo-randomly either stopped or continued receiving messaging. This analysis included those participants who had moderate-severe OSA (Apnea Hypopnea Index >=15) and compared the cost-effectiveness of 3 groups: 1) no messaging, 2) messaging for 3 months only, and 3) messaging for 3 years. Costs were derived by multiplying medical service use from electronic medical records times costs from Federal fee schedules. Effects were average nightly hours of PAP use. We report the incremental cost per incremental hour of PAP use as well as the fraction acceptable. Results We included 256 patients with moderate-severe OSA (Group 1, n=132; Group 2, n=79; Group 3, n=45). Group 2, which received the intervention for 3 months only, had the highest costs and fewest hours of use and was dominated by the other two groups. Average 1-year costs for groups 1 and 3 were $6035 (SE, $477) and $6154 (SE, $575), respectively; average nightly hours of PAP use were 3.07 (SE, 0.23) and 4.09 (SE, 0.42). Compared to no messaging, messaging for 3 years had an incremental cost ($119, p=0.86) per incremental hour of use (1.02, p=0.03) of $117. For a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $500 per year ($1.37/night), 3-year messaging has a 70% chance of being acceptable. Conclusion Long-term Tele-OSA messaging was more effective than no messaging for PAP use outcomes but also highly likely cost-effective with an acceptable willingness-to-pay threshold. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that this greater use will yield both clinical and additional economic benefits. Support (if any) Tele-OSA study was supported by the AASM Foundation SRA Grant #: 104-SR-13

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Front of Pack Labels: Findings from an Online Randomised-Controlled Experiment in a Representative British Sample

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 900

Author(s):

Jessica Packer ◽

Simon J. Russell ◽

Deborah Ridout ◽

Steven Hope ◽

Anne Conolly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Consumer Choice ◽

Household Composition ◽

Warning Label ◽

Traffic Light ◽

Baseline Measure ◽

Food And Drink ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

British Sample ◽

Large Representative

Front of pack food labels (FOPLs) provide accessible nutritional information to guide consumer choice. Using an online experiment with a large representative British sample, we aimed to examine whether FOPLs improve participants’ ability to identify the healthiness of foods and drinks. The primary aim was to compare ability to rank between FOPL groups and a no label control. Adults (≥18 years), recruited from the NatCen panel, were randomised to one of five experimental groups (Multiple Traffic Light, MTL; Nutri-Score, N-S; Warning Label, WL; Positive Choice tick, PC; no label control). Stratification variables were year of recruitment to panel, sex, age, government office region, and household income. Packaging images were created for three versions, varying in healthiness, of six food and drink products (pizza, drinks, cakes, crisps, yoghurts, breakfast cereals). Participants were asked to rank the three product images in order of healthiness. Ranking was completed on a single occasion and comprised a baseline measure (with no FOPL), and a follow-up measure including the FOPL as per each participant’s experimental group. The primary outcome was the ability to accurately rank product healthiness (all products ranked correctly vs. any incorrect). In 2020, 4504 participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The probability of correct ranking at follow-up, and improving between baseline and follow-up, was significantly greater across all products for the N-S, MTL and WL groups, compared to control. This was seen for only some of the products for the PC group. The largest effects were seen for N-S, followed by MTL. These analyses were adjusted for stratification variables, ethnicity, education, household composition, food shopping responsibility, and current FOPL use. Exploratory analyses showed a tendency for participants with higher compared to lower education to rank products more accurately. Conclusions: All FOPLs were effective at improving participants’ ability to correctly rank products according to healthiness in this large representative British sample, with the largest effects seen for N-S, followed by MTL.

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Commentary: How Long Do We Need to Follow-Up Our Hernia Patients to Find the Real Recurrence Rate?

Frontiers in Surgery ◽

10.3389/fsurg.2015.00050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Affan Umer ◽

Scott Ellner

Keyword(s):

Recurrence Rate ◽

The Real

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A Study on Behavioral Intention of Consumers Purchasing Fine Decoration Residence Based on Logit Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3208 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 838-841 ◽

pp. 3208-3211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Jing Guo

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Consumer Choice ◽

Logit Model ◽

Choice Behavior ◽

Main Factors ◽

Consumer Choice Behavior

This paper use the investigation data of Xi'an as the foundation, to examine consumer choice behavior of fine decoration residence. It analyzes the main factors which influence consumer choice behavior of fine decoration residence by using logit model. The results show that culture degree of consumer, understanding of fine decoration residence, willingness to pay as well as views on the quality of the decoration and style of fine decoration residence have a significant impact on consumer decisionmaking behavior in purchasing.

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Automated Detection of Short Optical Transients of Astrophysical Origin in Real Time

Advances in Astronomy ◽

10.1155/2010/463496 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcin Sokołowski ◽

Katarzyna Małek ◽

Lech W. Piotrowski ◽

Grzegorz Wrochna

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Early Period ◽

Automated Detection ◽

Important Task ◽

The Real ◽

Optical Transients ◽

Robotic Telescopes ◽

Optical Flashes ◽

Optical Transient

The detection of short optical transients of astrophysical origin in real time is an important task for existing robotic telescopes. The faster a new optical transient is detected, the earlier follow-up observations can be started. The sooner the object is identified, the more data can be collected before the source fades away, particularly in the most interesting early period of the transient. In this the real-time pipeline designed for identification of optical flashes with the “Pi of the Sky” project will be presented in detail together with solutions used by other experiments.

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Real-world evidence of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) combination treatment in first-line (1L) extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.8561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 8561-8561

Author(s):

Eric S. Nadler ◽

Anupama Vasudevan ◽

Kalatu Davies ◽

Yunfei Wang ◽

Ann Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Metastases ◽

Real World ◽

Performance Status ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Treatment Patterns ◽

Combination Regimen ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

The Real

8561 Background: Atezolizumab plus chemotherapy was the first CIT combination regimen approved for 1L treatment of ES-SCLC in 2019. This study investigated patient characteristics and treatment patterns for patients with ES-SCLC receiving this regimen in the real-world community oncology setting. Methods: This was a retrospective study including adult patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC between 01-Oct-2018 (after IMpower 133 publication in NEJM Sep-2018) and 31-Dec-2019, with follow-up through 31-March-2020 using The US Oncology Network electronic health records data. Descriptive analyses of patient characteristics and treatment patterns were conducted, with Kaplan-Meier (K-M) methods used to assess time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) and time to next treatment/death (TTNT). Results: Of the 408 patients included in this study, 267 (71.4%) received atezo+carboplatin+etoposide (Atezo+Chemo), 80 (21.4%) received carboplatin+etoposide (Chemo only) and the rest received other regimens. The Atezo+Chemo patients in the real-world cohort compared with the IMpower 133 trial (n = 201) were older (median age 68 vs. 64 years) and included fewer males (45% vs. 64%), fewer white race (73% vs. 81%), more patients with brain metastases at baseline (23% vs. 9%), and more patients with worse ECOG (2/3) performance-status score (24% vs. 0%). The median follow-up, TTD, and TTNT in months (mo) for the real-world cohort are presented in the table alongside the best comparable measures reported for the trial. Conclusions: Most patients in this real-world ES-SCLC cohort received the Atezo+Chemo regimen in the 1L setting. While the follow-up was much shorter and patients had worse baseline characteristics (age, brain metastases, ECOG) in the real-world setting compared to the IMpower 133 trial, the real-world median TTD in this descriptive analysis was found to be in line with the median duration of treatment in the trial. Further research with longer follow-up comparing the real-world effectiveness of the CIT and chemo regimens is needed.[Table: see text]

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A-136 The Transfer of Cognitive Training to Real-World Functioning: Results of our First Six Pilot Subjects at Six-Month Follow-Up

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1187-1188

Author(s):

Jason A Blake ◽

Brandon Mitchell ◽

Staci McKay ◽

Gitendra Uswatte ◽

Edward Taub

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Training ◽

Real World ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Case Series ◽

Performance Measure ◽

The Real ◽

Cognitive Activities ◽

The Mean ◽

Laboratory Measures

Abstract Objective Currently, the majority of cognitive training research measures treatment efficacy using in-laboratory measures, with minimal focus on real-world treatment changes. This case series demonstrates the feasibility of transferring cognitive improvements from the laboratory into the everyday life setting. Method This case series includes 6 chronic post-stroke participants; mild to moderate cognitive impairment. The intervention combines cognitive training with behavioral techniques, known as the Transfer Package (TP). The TP involves components that target functionality on IADLs in the real-world. Performance on cognitively-based IADLs in the real world are measured pre-treatment, post, and 6-month follow-up. Measures of real-world ability are the: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Cognitive Task Activity Log (CTAL) and Inventory of Improved and New Abilities (INCA). In-laboratory measures included the D-KEFS and Timed IADL assessments. Results The real-world outcome measures used in this study were the COPM and two measures developed for this study, the CTAL and INCA. The mean change from pre to post on the COPM Performance Scale was 2.18 (SD = 1.33) and the mean change on the COPM Satisfaction Scale was 2.70 (SD = 1.27). The mean change on the CTAL was 1.96 (SD = 0.93). On the INCA, the mean number of improved real-world cognitive activities was 11.8 (SD = 4.9) and the mean number of new cognitive activities was 7.6 (SD = 3.9). Follow-up reported near-perfect retention on CTAL and continued improvement on the INCA. There were minimal changes on in-laboratory measures. Conclusions This case series provides a framework for achieving the transfer of cognitive training treatment effects in the real-world life situation by overcoming behavioral barriers to functioning.

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