The School-to-Work Transition: A Cross-National Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Youth Outcomes ◽  
Youth Education ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Labor Market Programs

School-to-work patterns and issues are discussed for seven economies (France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The emphasis is placed on differences across countries in the current labor market position of young people and recent trends therein, along with the institutions that regulate youth education, training, and employment. The power of public policies—including labor market deregulation, labor market programs, vocationalization of education, and apprenticeship—to improve youth outcomes is discussed, drawing on national evaluation literatures. Evidence of extensive policy failure points up the need to develop nationally appropriate institutions to improve school-to-work transitions.

Do Employment-Conditional Earnings Subsidies Work?

2018 ◽  
pp. 154-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labor Market Regulations ◽  
Better Than

Cash transfers and tax credits to people in paid work but with low earnings are increasingly prominent in affluent countries. How effective are these programs at reducing poverty and increasing employment? The experiences of the United States and United Kingdom suggest that, in an economy with weak unions and limited labor market regulations, an employment-conditional earnings subsidy increases employment among persons at the low end of the labor market but reduces low-end wage levels somewhat. Overall, it appears to boost the absolute incomes of low-end households. Even so, cross-country comparison offers little support for a conclusion that the institutional configuration in these countries, including the employment-conditional earnings subsidy, is especially effective at generating high and rising employment, high and rising incomes among low-end households, or low and decreasing relative poverty rates. Quite a few other affluent nations have done as well as or better than the United Kingdom and the United States in recent decades.

Epidemiology of cancers in older adults

2017 ◽  
pp. 699-706
Author(s):  
Shane O’Hanlon ◽  
Margot Gosney
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer ◽  
Older Males ◽  
Overall Survival Rates

Increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence and prevalence of cancer in older people, with the largest increase in the 75 and over age group. This group is much more likely to develop cancer than younger people. The incidence rate is higher for older males and varies by cancer type. The rate begins to decline in the 85 and over age group, however mortality continues to rise with age. Older people with cancer are undertreated compared to younger people. Overall survival rates are improving, but there is a widening gap in outcomes between younger and older people. The United Kingdom has poorer outcomes than the United States and other European countries. This chapter discusses recent trends in cancer epidemiology and outlines modern approaches towards assessment and care, including consideration of frailty and comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Counsellor and Teacher Collaboration in Classroom-Based Career Guidance

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Chen
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
School Students ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Communication Dynamics ◽  
Collaboration Strategies

High school students in North America, namely, the United States and Canada, encounter the challenge of the school-to-school and school-to-work transition, and they need considerable help for career guidance and counselling. Yet, the guidance and counselling resources of the school system are often stretched to their limits. This article proposes an alternative for the career guidance initiative to reach out to a massive student population by establishing effective counsellor—teacher collaboration in the classroom setting. The background and rationale for this collaboration will be examined and the critical communication dynamics and process in forming this collaboration will be elaborated on. Finally, several collaboration strategies are offered that can work to enhance classroom-based career education and guidance initiative.

The Jordanian Labor Market

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Insight Into

Jordan stands in the middle of a turbulent region, experiencing substantial refugee flows and economic challenges due to the conflict and insecurity of its neighbors. While the Jordanian economy and labor market in 2010, prior to the refugee crisis, had been shifting in a positive direction, it was an unanswered question how the labor market is faring during these challenging times. The fielding of the new Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS) 2016 wave offers an unprecedented opportunity to assess the challenges Jordan is facing across a number of markets and services. This book leverages the new, nationally representative data to begin addressing key economic and policy questions. The chapters of the book are organized into three parts, the first focused on key indicators of the labor market: labor supply, job creation, wages and inequality, and own account work (self-employed and employers). The second section focuses on migrants and refugees in Jordan, including an in-depth examination of the wellbeing of Syrian refugees in Jordan. The third section examines transitions across the life course in Jordan, including education, the school-to-work transition, marriage and fertility, housing and new households, and social insurance and retirement. Together these chapters show how Jordan’s economy has fared during challenging times and provide insight into important challenges Jordan’s economy and society face.

Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrant Women in the United States: 1970 to 1990

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Schoeni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

Forty-two percent of immigrant workers in the United States are women, yet almost all of the evidence on the economic performance of immigrants is based on analyses of men. This study begins to fill the void by examining differences in a wide array of labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and immigrant women, and among immigrant women born in different countries or regions of the world, using the 1970, 1980 and 1990 censuses. Immigrant women were less likely to participate in the labor force, and this gap increased to 7 percentage points by 1990. However, the share of self-employed and the number of weeks and hours worked among employed women were roughly the same for immigrants and natives throughout the 1970–1990 period. The gap in unemployment and weekly wages widened in favor of natives between 1970 and 1990, with a gap in median wages of 14 percent in 1990. However, immigrants born in the United Kingdom and Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and the Middle East have had steady or improved wages and unemployment relative to U.S.-born women. At the same time, immigrants from Mexico and Central America, who now represent one-quarter of all immigrant women, have experienced relatively high unemployment and low earnings, and these differences have increased, with the wage gap reaching 35 percent in 1990. Disparities in completed years of schooling can explain a substantial share of the differences in labor market outcomes.

Transition From School to Work

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Apaydın
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
School To Work ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Labor Market Programs

Although the pattern and issue of transition from school to work (TSW) is commonly discussed in France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the US, it cannot find a place as a topic of discussion in the press and academe in Turkey. In reality, transition from school to work constitutes one of the most critical steps in young people's careers. It is therefore necessary to discuss the power of public policies to improve policies for young people, such as the regulation of the labor market, labor market programs, the effect of education on having a profession, and transition from higher education to work, all of which are underlined in the literature. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the process of transition from higher education to work within the context of Turkey based on the literature.

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