scholarly journals How Far Has the Transition Progressed?

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Democratic Capitalism ◽  
Early Results

As the opening contribution to a four-page symposium, this paper provides an overview of the economic transformation in reforming countries of eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, describing reforms, their consequences, and lessons economists might derive from transition. The topics covered are political developments, liberalization, institutional reconstruction, reforms of systems for social protection, and the early results of transition. The final section considers future possibilities in the light of the last few years’ events, concluding that the process of democratic capitalism is well established in central Europe, but uncertainty still prevails in most of the former Soviet Union.

scholarly journals Will Central and Eastern European Countries Dismantle the European Union?—Contrasting European Developments to Current Trends in the US

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. p234
Author(s):  
Iván Major
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East European ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper analyzes the historical background of the current developments in Central Eastern Europe, in other parts of Eastern Europe and in previously member countries of the former Soviet Union. The author concludes that the political and economic transformation of these countries to a solid democracy and well-functioning market economy have not been successful for most of them yet, and this may have serious consequences on the European Union, too.The paper contrasts these trends with what we can observe in the United States now. The author turns to the “hard facts” next, when he discusses the different factors of human and economic development and the issue of migration in the Central and East European post-socialist countries and in a selected group of advanced countries.

scholarly journals Ischaemic heart disease in the former Soviet Union 1990–2015 according to the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

Heart ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Murphy ◽  
Catherine O Johnson ◽  
Gregory A Roth ◽  
Mohammad H Forouzanfar ◽  
Mohsen Naghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Central Asian

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality and risk factor burden across former Soviet Union (fSU) and satellite countries and regions in 1990 and 2015.MethodsThe fSU and satellite countries were grouped into Central Asian, Central European and Eastern European regions. IHD mortality data for men and women of any age were gathered from national vital registration, and age, sex, country, year-specific IHD mortality rates were estimated in an ensemble model. IHD morbidity and mortality burden attributable to risk factors was estimated by comparative risk assessment using population attributable fractions.ResultsIn 2015, age-standardised IHD death rates in Eastern European and Central Asian fSU countries were almost two times that of satellite states of Central Europe. Between 1990 and 2015, rates decreased substantially in Central Europe (men −43.5% (95% uncertainty interval −45.0%, −42.0%); women −42.9% (−44.0%, −41.0%)) but less in Eastern Europe (men −5.6% (−9.0, –3.0); women −12.2% (−15.5%, −9.0%)). Age-standardised IHD death rates also varied within regions: within Eastern Europe, rates decreased −51.7% in Estonian men (−54.0, −47.0) but increased +19.4% in Belarusian men (+12.0, +27.0). High blood pressure and cholesterol were leading risk factors for IHD burden, with smoking, body mass index, dietary factors and ambient air pollution also ranking high.ConclusionsSome fSU countries continue to experience a high IHD burden, while others have achieved remarkable reductions in IHD mortality. Control of blood pressure, cholesterol and smoking are IHD prevention priorities.

Social and economic changes and health in Europe East and West

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL MARMOT ◽  
MARTIN BOBAK
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Health And Disease

The health status of populations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union underwent major changes after the fall of communism. While mortality started declining in Central Europe, mortality in Russia and most other countries of the former Soviet Union rose dramatically and has yet to improve. In terms of the socioeconomic changes, some countries (mainly Central Europe) were able to contain the fall in income and rise in income inequalities, but across the former Soviet Union gross domestic product plummeted and income inequality grew rapidly. This led to two types of inequality: first, the widening gap in mortality between countries, and second, the increasing social gradient in health and disease within countries. The thrust of our argument is that the disadvantages in health in Eastern Europe, and the growing social inequalities in health in the region, are direct results of the social changes, and that psychosocial factors played a pivotal role in the health pattern seen in Central and Eastern Europe.

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