scholarly journals Will Central and Eastern European Countries Dismantle the European Union?—Contrasting European Developments to Current Trends in the US

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. p234
Author(s):  
Iván Major
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East European ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper analyzes the historical background of the current developments in Central Eastern Europe, in other parts of Eastern Europe and in previously member countries of the former Soviet Union. The author concludes that the political and economic transformation of these countries to a solid democracy and well-functioning market economy have not been successful for most of them yet, and this may have serious consequences on the European Union, too.The paper contrasts these trends with what we can observe in the United States now. The author turns to the “hard facts” next, when he discusses the different factors of human and economic development and the issue of migration in the Central and East European post-socialist countries and in a selected group of advanced countries.

Russia-NATO Strategic Rivalry and Influence Struggle in Eastern Europe in Security and Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Syaiful Rohman ◽  
Marthen Napang ◽  
Siti Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Political Security

Global powers such as NATO, European Union, China and Russia have different characteristics and interests in world politics. Russia after Soviet Union tends to be in a relatively weak position in terms of influence, security and economy. Today Russia's relations with the European Union and the United States have improved after the Cold War. In recent years, Russia and NATO have not only strengthened the economy and security related to the military, but have gone so far as to strengthen the influence of its main State in Eastern Europe. This study will analyze Russia's political policies towards NATO and Eastern Europe from the perspective of security and economic interests. The method used is qualitative by conducting an in-depth study of the data obtained from the results of previous research. The results of this study indicate that Russia and NATO are involved in competing for strategic influence in Eastern Europe, especially Ukraine and the former Soviet Union. Russia and NATO, which is sponsored by the United States, are trying to achieve their respective interests by making efforts to increase strength which includes political, security and economic.

scholarly journals EU Initiatives for Democratisation in Eastern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Renata Kunert-Milcarz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Support for democratisation and democracy has become one of the leading topics in a wide-ranging debate over the state of democracy in the contemporary world. The European Union became an important player in global politics, one with an ambitious programme for the spreading and supporting of democracy and the process of democratisation in Eastern Europe. Hence the author’s attempt at addressing the following question: what actions and strategies have and are being undertaken by the EU to facilitate the above-mentioned processes? The aim of the paper is to describe and assess the strategies and actions of the European Union in the field of supporting democratisation and democracy in selected countries of the former USSR (e.g. Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), additionally well-fitting to the concept of Eastern Partnership, in the last decade of XX and the first decade of XXI Century. The paper also aims to present which procedures and standards (that are supposed to guarantee their usefulness and effectiveness) are being used by the EU. The emphasis has been placed primarily on the processes of democratisation, their mileage, specificity and possible strategies for supporting democratic development, as well as its potential for consolidation, in the countries of the former Soviet Union. In order to conduct the research it is necessary to assess the political, social and economic conditions in the researched countries. It is to be stressed that one should be aware of the complexity and dynamics of the described processes whilst evaluating the EU’s initiatives. The papers topic was chosen due to the importance and currentness of the researched EU actions and their results.

Catching-Up Strategy: New Member States of the European Union in the European Internal Market for High-Tech and Environmental Products in the Context of the Renewed Lisbon Strategy

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Maria Wysokinska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States

The Central and Eastern European countries implemented an economic policy fundamentally reorienting their foreign trade in the nineteen–nineties. This involved a shift in direction from the East (the former Soviet Union and its satellite countries) to the West (primarily the European Union). The economic transformation of those countries as well as integration with the European Union was established and nearly complete in the wake of accession in the year 2004. However, transition periods facilitating the completion of integration processes were established for certain sectors, including adaptation to environmental rules and standards, for example. The aim of this paper is to present certain findings of an international comparison among the "new" European Union member states related to: certain final economic results of the transformation with respect to achievements related to the various states of economic development (verification of the M. Porter and T. Ozawa model), and the ability to adopt selected requirements of the Renewed European Union Strategies after the year 2005, with special reference to the Renewed Sustainable Development Strategy and the Strategy: Global Europe-Competing in the World. Verification of the Ozawa and Porter Model is positive for all Central and Eastern European new members of the European Union. Transformation and integration processes supported these countries on their way to economic development. These positive results on their development path are presented in the paper in detail.

Trade Policies of the Former Centrally Planned Economies

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850046 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Toole ◽  
James Lutz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Openness To Trade

Since the end of Communist rule, the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have been forced to restructure their formerly centrally planned economies. Among the dilemmas they have faced is how open they should be to international trade. Using multiple regression, the openness of these economies to trade is empirically determined while controlling for the effects of both population and wealth. Residuals from the regression equations are then examined in order to identify how much more or less open to trade each country has been. Analysis of the residuals for six distinct regions of the former Communist world presents no definitive answers but does suggest some preliminary conclusions. A country’s degree of political openness is found to be most important in determining relative openness to trade; close behind that are its geographic proximity to important world markets and its prospects for future accession to the European Union.

scholarly journals El rol de Europa del Este en el principio de cohesión de la Unión Europea. Hacia una incompleta integración

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Borja Villalgordo Pujalte ◽  
Manuel Hernández Pedreño
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Rates Of Convergence ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
Europe 2020

La Unión Europea viene promoviendo la consecución de la cohesión social y económica desde sus Tratados Constitutivos. El alcance de este objetivo se ha visto ralentizado por varios motivos, como la entrada de los países de Europa del Este que ha supuesto un aumento de la heterogeneidad en la Unión; o por el diferente impacto de la reciente crisis económica en los distintos países. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de convergencia/divergencia de los países de Europa del Este en los parámetros socioeconómicos de la Unión Europea que fomentan la cohesión social y económica. La hipótesis de partida es que estos países han mantenido diferentes ritmos de convergencia con la Unión Europea por conformar un bloque heterogéneo, explicado por varios factores: el tiempo de permanencia en la Unión, la influencia de la Unión Soviética, el impacto de la Estrategia Europa 2020 o la situación de la que partían antes de entrar en la Unión. La metodología empleada es mixta, combinando la entrevista a profesionales con el análisis estadístico de los diferentes comportamientos sociales, económicos y políticos en los países de Europa del Este desde el estallido de la crisis hasta ahora. En la comparativa se consideran tres ámbitos de actuación, correspondientes a las principales áreas que conforman la política social y que se integran como objetivos dentro de la Estrategia Europa 2020 (ingresos, trabajo y educación), al tiempo que se incluye la respuesta institucional ofrecida por los diferentes países. European Union has been promoting the achievement of social and economic cohesion since the Treaty Establishing the European Community. A true embodiment of this goal has been slowed down by several reasons, such as the attachment of Eastern Europe countries that increased the heterogeneity in the European Union; or how European countries dealt with the latest economic recession that took place in 2008. The aim of this paper is to analyse the process of convergence/divergence among Eastern Europe countries and European Union based in a few parameters that foster the economic and social cohesion. The hypothesis is that countries from East of Europe have kept different rates of convergence with the European Union because they shape a heterogeneous group of countries due to several factors: accession year of each country to the European Union, influence of the former Soviet Union, Europe 2020 Strategy’s repercussion or the previous situation where these countries come from before being full members of the European Union. In this paper, a mixed methodology was applied, combining interviews with professionals in different fields of knowledge with the statistical analysis of social, economic and political behaviours in the Eastern European Union countries since the outbreak of the crisis until now. In this comparative, three fields of action have been considered as the main areas that compose social policy and are also integrated in the European 2020 Strategy (incomes, work and education), combined with the institutional response offered by these countries.

Camille C. O'Reilly (ed.), Language, ethnicity and the state. Vol. 1, Minority languages in the European Union. Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. v–x, 183; and Camille C. O'Reilly (ed.), Language, ethnicity and the state. Vol. 2, Minority languages in Eastern Europe post-1989. Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. v–xii, 228.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Lukas D. Tsitsipis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Positive Element ◽  
The State ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Collective Work

This is an exceptionally interesting collective work put together by Camille C. O'Reilly in two volumes, the first focusing on minority languages and problems of nation and ethnicity in western Europe, and particularly in the European Union (EU), and the second taking as its main focus languages and nationalizing discourses in eastern Europe. A large part of the discussion in vol. 2 concentrates on issues related to the fate and ongoing processes of nation formation, citizenship, linguistic ideologies, and minority languages in the successor states of the former Soviet Union. In both volumes, some chapters focus more narrowly on language, whereas others give emphasis to macro processes of a political nature. And, of course, no article in the collection is indifferent to the politics of minoritization, ethnic-national boundaries, and the restructuring of the European national map as a whole. Thus, variation in theme and method of analysis should be considered as a positive element of this endeavor, even though the overall treatment is neither exhaustive nor radically critical, as I will argue below.

What Was Socialist Food and What Comes Next?

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
ANTON MASTEROVOY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Food Shortages

Food in the former Soviet Union remains serious political business. In the summer of 2014, in retaliation against Western sanctions imposed in response to the annexation of Crimea, Vladimir Putin's government decreed an odd brand of ‘self-sanctions’ by forbidding the importation of many foodstuffs from the United States and the European Union. Conservative supporters of President Putin sprang into action, exhorting Russian consumers to embrace the opportunity to develop Russian agriculture while Putin's opponents raised the spectre of late Soviet food shortages. Though starvation does not seem like a genuine threat to modern Russia, the fact that these questions are raised at all requires scholars of food to pay attention to Russia and scholars of Russia to view food as an important aspect of the country's history. Serious studies of food in the Soviet Union and under other socialist regimes are particularly worthy of attention since these socio-economic systems, paradoxically, were best known both for proclaiming an end to hunger and for presiding over chronic shortages if not outright famines.

Russia, the European Union and the “Orange Revolution” in Ukraine: The East-West Conflict Revisited?

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
André W.M. Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
East West

Victor Yushchenko's hard-won victory in the December 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine, also known as the ‘Orange Revolution’, seems typical of some important international political trends in Europe: one, democratic intervention by Western governmental and non-governmental organizations in the internal affairs of (semi-)authoritarian states in the eastern part of Europe has shown some remarkable results; two, the Russian Federation openly, though not very successfully, interferes into these disputes, in order to secure its interests in this region; and third, subsequently, tensions between Russia and the ‘West’ (in this case, the United States and the European Union are in agreement) are on the rise, using political terminology that reminds us of the Cold War era: democracy, human rights, and spheres of influence. Do we run the risk, ten years after the collapse of the communist powerhouse Soviet Union, to start a new East-West conflict? Does Europe have legitimate security interests in the ‘Near Abroad’ (the Kremlin's jargon for the republics of the former Soviet Union minus the Baltic States), and if so, how should we define them against the ambitions, imperial or otherwise, of the Russian Federation?

scholarly journals Systematization of private international law in Ukraine and foreign countries: present state and tendencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Mykola Lazarenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Present State ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Countries

Systematization of private international law in Ukraine and foreign countries: present state and tendencies.The article deals with the comparative legal analysis of the systematization of the statutory provisions of private international law in the countries of the European Union and some countries of the former Soviet Union. The main arguments regarding different approaches to the systematization of private international law in Ukraine are outlined, as well as the main directions and tendencies of the codification processes of legislation in this area.

Environment in the Transition towards Market Economies: An Overview of Trends in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union

10.1068/b2658 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Zamparutti ◽  
Brendan Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
New Independent States

The 1993 Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe presented a series of recommendations for integrating environmental objectives into the process of economic and democratic reform in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) and the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union (NIS). In this paper, on the basis of findings of a recent OECD study, we look at progress across the region in light of these recommendations. In several CEEC, there has been a synergy among economic reforms, democratic development, and environmental improvement. These countries have seen important improvements in environmental conditions but now face a variety of challenges, many tied to the process of accession to the EU and the need to deepen integration between environment and sectoral policies, such as those for agriculture and transport. In other countries, and in particular many NIS, pollution reductions have mainly resulted from declines in economic production. Many of these countries face ongoing crisis in terms of establishing economic reform, stable societies, and environmental protection. In several areas of the former Soviet Union, environmental problems—in particular poor access to safe drinking water—pose serious threats to human health. Addressing these problems presents a difficult challenge both for national governments and for international cooperation agencies.

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