scholarly journals Factor Proportions and Relative Wages: The Supply-Side Determinants of Wage Inequality

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Topel
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Supply-side factors may contribute to rising wage inequality. First, certain changes in the supply of skills allegedly exacerbate wage inequality. Women's increased labor force participation and increased immigration are the leading candidates; both allegedly reduce the wages of less-skilled men. However, immigration's impact on wage inequality has been minor and the effects of women's participation is inconclusive. Second, in evaluating the likelihood that human capital investment will mitigate future inequality, evidence suggests that rising returns to education have increased the proportion of young people attending college, limiting the growth of inequality among high-wage workers.

scholarly journals Industrial Policy in Britain since 1970: Changing Values, Assumptions and Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Martin Chick
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market Inefficiency ◽  
Quality Of Supply ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Abstract This article examines the change in the fundamental assumptions underpinning industrial policy from the mid-1970s in Britain. It necessarily contrasts the broadly supply-side concerns of industrial policy from the mid-1970s with the more demand-side concerns of the earlier ‘Golden Age’ period from 1945. Where in the earlier period the emphasis in industrial policy was on capital investment and the role of government in compensating for perceived market inefficiency, from the late 1970s this emphasis shifted to the need to improve the flexibility and quality of supply-side factors allied to a more optimistic view of the ability of the market to secure efficient outcomes.

The Middle East’s young people face lifetime struggles

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
North America ◽  
Young People ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Gulf States

Significance The fallout from conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic also clouds the horizon for many. The survey suggests an increasing divide between young people in the Gulf states, who seem broadly satisfied with their prospects, and high discontent across much of the rest of the region. Impacts Governments will come under pressure to increase human capital investment and improve internet access. Migration pressure towards Europe, North America and the Gulf is likely to rise. New waves of instability will increase the scope for foreign interference and proxy conflicts. Progress towards deeper accountability will be slowed by opposition from political elites and regional powers.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Labor Productivity: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Fayyaz Sheikh ◽  
Iqra Rabnawaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Factors Affecting

Labor productivity is important as it is the major factor determining nations' living standards. This study analyzes the factors affecting labor productivity in Pakistan using time series data. ARDL model is applied for estimation of the long run relationship of variables for the period 1981-2018. Data have been taken from the Handbook of Statistics of State Bank of Pakistan and various economic surveys of Pakistan. The findings show that wages, human capital investment, labor force participation, and inflation significantly affect labor productivity. The results indicate that wage rate has a positive effect on labor productivity, and human capital investment also is positively related to labor productivity. At the same time, labor force participation and inflation are negatively related to labor productivity. These findings imply that labor productivity can be raised by increasing the wage rate and investing more in human capital. Results are consistent with efficiency wage theory and human capital theory.

Formacja prawnika wyzwaniem czasów

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Stanisław Leszek Stadniczeńko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Political Disputes

The author considers the questions relating to the formation of lawyers’ professional traits from the point of view of the significance which human capital and investment in this capital hold in contemporary times. It follows from the analyses, which were carried out, that the dire need for taking up actions with the aim to shape lawyers appears one of the most vital tasks. This requires taking into account visible trends in the changing job market. Another aspect results from the need for multilevel qualifications and conditions behind lawyers’ actions and their decisions. Thus, colleges of higher education which educate prospective lawyers, as well as lawyers’ corporations, are confronted by challenges of forming, in young people, features that are indispensable for them to be valuable lawyers and not only executors of simple activities. The author points to the fact that lawyers need shaping because, among others, during their whole social lives and realization of professional tasks their personality traits and potential related to communication will constantly manifest through accepting and following or rejecting and opposing values, principles, reflexions, empathy, sensitivity, the farthest-fetched imagination, objectivism, cooperation, dialogue, distancing themselves from political disputes, etc. Students of the art of law should be characterized by a changed mentality, new vision of law – service to man, and realization of standards of law, as well as perception of the importance of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences.

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