scholarly journals Divergence, Big Time

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lant Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Per Capita

Historical data are unnecessary to demonstrate that perhaps the basic fact of modern economic history is massive absolute divergence in per capita income across countries. A plausible lower bound on per capita income can be combined with estimates of its current level in the poorer countries to place an upper bound on long-run income growth. Between 1870 and 1990, the ratio of richest to poorest countries' income increased from roughly 9 to 1 to 45 to 1, the standard deviation of (natural log) per capita income doubled, and the average income gap between the richest and all other countries grew nearly tenfold from $1,286 to $12,000.

Film Production And Economic Performance: Should South Africa Invest In Movies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Phiri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The movie industry is increasingly recognised as a possible avenue for improving economic performance. This study focuses on film production and its influence on South African economic growth (per capita income and employment between 1970 and 2020). Our autoregressive lag distributive (ARDL) estimates on a loglinearised endogenous growth model augmented with creative capital indicate that the production of movies has no significant effects on long-run GDP growth, per capita GDP and employment. The baseline regressions find a short-run positive and significant influence of film production on per capita income and are devoid of long-run effects. However, re-estimating the regressions with interactive terms between movie production and i) government spending ii) foreign direct investment, improve the significance of film regression coefficients which all turn positive and significant, for government spending, and negative for foreign direct investment. Our results indicate that foreign investment crowds out domestic investment whilst government investment in movies is growth-enhancing.

NON-LINEAR EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: ACCOUNTING FOR CAPITAL PER WORKER AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1950014
Author(s):  
RONALD RAVINESH Kumar ◽  
SYED JAWAD HUSSAIN SHAHZAD ◽  
PETER JOSEF STAUVERMANN ◽  
NIKEEL Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capital Share ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, we examine the asymmetric effects of terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1970–2016, while considering the role of capital per worker and structural breaks. We use the non-linear ARDL approach to establish the long-run association and to estimate the short-run and long-run effects accordingly. The results indicate the presence of asymmetries in both long and short run. Moreover, 1% decrease in terrorism results in an increase of per capita income by 0.02% in the long run and 0.001% in the short run. Assuming symmetry, the long run capital share is 0.47. In asymmetric relation, a 1% increase in capital share increases output by 0.55%, whereas a 1% decrease in capital stock decreases output by 0.26%. The break effects show that the years 1993 and 2004 have negative effects on growth. The vector error correction model-based causality results indicate a unidirectional causality from terrorism to per capita income. Overall, the results highlight that terrorism is growth retarding.

The Determinants of U.K. Investment Abroad, 1870–1913: The U.S. Case

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Foreign Lending ◽  
The U.S

Perhaps because the world had never before or since seen such a large proportion of national income devoted to accumulating overseas assets, the processes of British accumulation in the period from 1870 to 1913 have long been given disproportionate attention in the study of modern British economic history. Calculations based on C. H. Feinstein's latest studies of U.K. income, expenditures and product suggest that roughly half of the nation's annual savings took the form of net foreign lending during these years, savings averaging slightly less than ten percent of net national income. Undoubtedly, interest in these matters has been further augmented by the intriguing problem of the United Kingdom's loss of world leadership in both industrial output and per capita income during these same years.

scholarly journals Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 BC?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Comin ◽  
William Easterly ◽  
Erick Gong
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Technological Differences ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
The Cost

We assemble a dataset on technology adoption in 1000 BC, 0 AD, and 1500 AD for the predecessors to today's nation states. Technological differences are surprisingly persistent over long periods of time. Our most interesting, strong, and robust results are for the association of 1500 AD technology with per capita income and technology adoption today. We also find robust and significant technological persistence from 1000 BC to 0 AD, and from 0 AD to 1500 AD. The evidence is consistent with a model where the cost of adopting new technologies declines sufficiently with the current level of adoption. (JEL N10, O33, O47)

DETERMINANTS OF PRIVATE DOMESTIC SAVINGS IN NIGERIA (1981- 2015).

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otiwu K. ◽  
Peter A Okere ◽  
Uzowuru L.N
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita

This study empirically evaluates the determinants of private domestic savings in Nigeria (1981- 2015). Secondary data were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin and bureau of statistics. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using vector error correction model (VECM) and the test for stationarity proves that the variables are integrated in 1(1) order which implies that unit roots do not exist among the variables. There is also long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables and the result also confirms about 29 percent short-run adjustment speed from long-run disequilibrium. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 78 percent of the variations in private domestic savings are explained by changes in its determinants in Nigeria. The results show that per capita income and financial inclusion are major determinants of private domestic savings in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that concerted and well articulated efforts should be made to make available and affordable credits to productive investments like small scale industries/businesses as they constitute an integral part of the growth and transformation process of an agro based economy like that of Nigeria this will induce employment, increase financial access and income of the various economic agents which will have a spillover effect on private savings. Secondly, since Per capita income and financial inclusion are the important factors that influence private savings in Nigeria, policy makers can promote growth of per capita income by improving productivity of workers and greater effort should be geared towards sustaining or improving on the financial inclusion strategies.

scholarly journals Vocational Education, Per Capita Income, and Employment in the US

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Eric Im Posthumous ◽  
Tam Vu
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
University Education ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data

This paper examines the effects of vocational education on per capita income and employment in the U.S. A panel dataset on the number of graduates from community colleges as a proxy for vocational education for fifty states and Washington D.C. during 2002-2010 is used. The method of three stage least squares was employed. The results show that vocational education appears to affect changes in per capita income and employment positively. Nest, we compare and contrast vocational education with university education by using data on the number of four-year college graduates. The results show that the vocational education increases per capita income and employment more than university education in the short run but less than the latter in the long run.

scholarly journals Determinants of Rice Import Demand in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-931
Author(s):  
W.A. Yusuf ◽  
S.A. Yusuf ◽  
A.A.A. Adesope ◽  
O.Z. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
Per Capita

Primarily, the study examined the determinants of rice import demand in Nigeria by assessing the short run and long run dynamic model  relationships among the determinants, trends and extent of causality among per capita income, population, exchange rate and price of rice imports were equally examined, using data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of statistics (NBS) over the period 1961 to 2013. Data obtained showed the perceived determinants of imports demand for rice in Nigeria were local rice production, rice import price, rice consumption, per capita income, and exchange rate, price of local rice, domestic stock variation, maize price, meat price and demographic  development. The short run dynamic model result showed that rice consumption, price of meat, price of maize, local rice quantity, demography development and stock variance are statistically significant at 5%. The significance of the coefficient of the error correction term confirmed theappropriateness of the error correction approach which also showed that ignoring the long run relationship is detrimental. The result however, revealed that rice import demand increases significantly with increasing rice consumption, increasing price of meat, increasing price of maize (keeping that for imported rice unchanged) and increasing demography development. Rice import price, per capita income, price of local rice and exchange rate had no significant effects on rice import demand. The study therefore recommends that locally-produced rice should be intensively improved. Keywords: demography, determinants, Error correction mechanism, rice import demand

Examining the nonlinear impact of selected macroeconomic determinants on FDI inflows in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Pradeep Kautish
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose Over the years, India has witnessed irregular FDI inflows. Therefore, this study aims to explore the asymmetric impact of per capita income, final consumption expenditure, globalization index and exchange rate on FDI inflows in India. Design/methodology/approach Using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag bounds framework and unknown structural break, the study investigates the impacts of selected macroeconomic variables in driving FDI inflows in India during the study period (1979-2016). Findings The outcomes of the study confirm the asymmetric relationship between FDI inflows and its determinants during the study period. The results have confirmed that the improvement in per capita income, private consumption expenditure, globalization index and currency value appreciation play a crucial role in increasing FDI inflows in India. In contrast, the downside movements in the volume of consumption expenditure, globalization index and depreciation of the currency value in relation to the trade partners result in reducing the volume of FDI inflows in the long run. Originality/value For determining FDI inflows, previous studies have considered the overall impact of its potential determinants, which may provide partial information about the phenomenon. The adopted nonlinear approach highlights that both the types of fluctuations (i.e. upside and downside) in the independent variables may affect FDI inflows differently and substantially. The nonlinear association between FDI and selected determinants may be vital in formulating a long-term policy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document