scholarly journals From “Made in China” to “Innovated in China”: Necessity, Prospect, and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Jin Wei ◽  
Zhuan Xie ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Resource Misallocation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Made In China ◽  
China’S Growth ◽  
Future Growth ◽  
Made In

After more than three decades of high growth based on its low-wage advantage and relatively favorable demographics—in combination with market-oriented reforms and openness to the world economy—China is at a crossroads with a much higher wage and a shrinking work force. Future growth will depend, by necessity, more on the generation of increased productivity, and domestic innovation will play an important part in this. In this paper, we assess the likelihood that China can make the necessary transition. Using data on expenditure on research and development, and patent applications, receipts, and citations, we show that the Chinese economy has become increasingly innovative. We will argue that rising wages and expanding markets are among the important drivers of China's growth in innovation. On the other hand, we find evidence of resource misallocation in the innovation area: while state-owned firms receive more subsidies, private firms exhibit more innovation results. Innovation can presumably progress even faster if resource misallocation can be tackled.

The crisis of social reproduction and 'Made-in-China' feminism

Soundings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (79) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Yige Dong
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Crises of care and social reproduction have led to new debates and social movements around the world, but there has been little scholarly scrutiny in the global North on these issues as they are unfolding in China. Facing rapid population ageing and historically low birth rates, the Chinese government believes the country is suffering from a demographic crisis. Yet, the so-called population question is fundamentally a political one: who is bearing the brunt of biologically and socially reproducing the Chinese labour force who have fuelled the Chinese economy in the last four decades? As this essay unpacks, the country's long-existing urban-rural divide and the unchecked patriarchal-capitalist mode of accumulation have produced uneven consequences among different social groups, intersectionally defined by class, gender and urban/rural citizenship, and thus have exacerbated existing inequalities. Rural migrants and the urban poor, mostly women, have become domestic servants for urban middle-class families, at the cost of their own well-being and of their families and communities. Across social classes, Chinese women are making their voices heard and taking actions to protest against systemic appropriation and exploitation of their care and reproductive labour, in what is a hostile political environment. Ranging from organised protests to individuals' spontaneous complaints, 'made-in-China' feminism can shed new light on future feminist movements and solidarity building with feminists in the international community.

Xi's pressure on Chinese firms will only go so far

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Regulatory Actions ◽  
Made In

Significance Since he took office, private firms have suffered most from attempts to rein in corporate debt, while state firms have benefited from flagship initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative and Made In China 2025. Now, a series of reforms and assertive regulatory actions is targeting sectors dominated by private firms, including internet platforms and education. Impacts Private firms will further increase their presence in the Chinese economy, although at a slower pace than before. More emphasis will be put on support for small and medium-sized firms as major employers and drivers of economic growth. Preferential treatment of state-owned enterprises will remain a pillar of government policy.

Chinese manufacturers will gain ground in world market

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Subject China's global market presence in the sectors targeted for development by Made In China 2025. Significance Beijing's 'Made in China 2025' framework aims to make China a leading player in ten high-technology sectors. China’s current position in the global market varies greatly from one targeted industry to another. Comparison with the United States as the world's economic superpower and China’s main rival helps put the grievances Washington expresses towards China in context. Impacts China’s ability to compete on technology and quality will rise significantly, especially in advanced non-electrical and transport machinery. Domestic political pressure on the US government will rise as more US firms face Chinese competition. Trade tensions with the United States will spur indigenous development of technologies for which Chinese firms now depend on US suppliers. A cohort of globally competitive Chinese high-tech firms will develop first; upgrading the whole Chinese economy will take far longer. Even when the technological gap narrows, Chinese firms will continue seeking to acquire high-tech firms in developed countries.

Doctors ’Made in China’ – Locally Trained, Globally Excellent

Praxis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ewelina Biskup ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Shixian Dong ◽  
Yan Wo
Keyword(s):  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Made in China: How Chinese Innovation Is Changing the Patent Landscape

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Kesan ◽  
Alan C. Marco ◽  
Richard Miller
Keyword(s):  
Patent Landscape ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

scholarly journals E.U. and China Trends in Trade in Challenging Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Irena Jindřichovská ◽  
Erginbay Uğurlu
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Chinese Export ◽  
Abrupt Rise ◽  
The Eu

The sudden and abrupt rise of COVID-19 became a challenge for the world economy. In this paper, we investigate the changes in a trend of mutual trade between the EU-15 countries and China during the demanding times of the COVID-19 crisis. We use monthly data for Chinese exports to the E.U. (2018:01–2020:05) and imports from the E.U. (2018:01–2020:07) relying on the data from the open-source TradeMap developed by the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC). Overall, there is an obvious decline of 13–32 percent in worldwide trade as predicted by the WTO. This affected China as the main trading partner of electronic devices and medical supplies. The trade between the E.U. and China has decreased, but the major change in demand brought an alteration in commodities structures and the reorientation of Chinese export production. In the first five months of 2020, we witnessed the strong engagement of the Chinese economy in the production of goods newly in high demand—mainly articles strongly related to healthcare and medical equipment. Thus, we have observed that the Chinese were very flexible in changing the structure of their exports triggered by the COVID-19 crisis. This flexibility is worth further exploration, especially because the COVID-19 crisis is still not over and new data and changing results can be expected.

Made in China, fashioned in Africa: ethnic dress in Ethiopia and Mozambique

Africa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Johanna von Pezold ◽  
Miriam Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Design Elements ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In ◽  
Naming Practices

AbstractThe influx of Chinese-made African ethnic dress has been central to debates about the consequences of the growing Chinese presence in Africa. Exploring the reception of the Chinese-produced capulana in Mozambique and net'ela in Ethiopia, we demonstrate that Mozambican and Ethiopian manufacturers and traders, from the grass roots up to cultural elites, engage with Chinese imports with creativity and verve. While welcoming Chinese materials for their affordability, bold and bright colours and suitability for dressmaking, they fashion them in ways that fit their own tastes and the local fashion trends. We distinguish three practices by which people do this: first, by incorporating Chinese materials or design elements into their own products; second, by co-creating new designs and dress with their Chinese counterparts; and third, by altering the imported fabrics. Apart from fashioning imports, some manufacturers use strategies to distinguish their own products from Chinese counterparts. These strategies include naming practices linked to the stories of their origin and alterations to the material.

Platform Capitalism ‘Made in China’? Intelligent Manufacturing, Taobao Villages and the Restructuring of Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boy Lüthje
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Social Shaping Of Technology ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conditions Of Employment ◽  
Made In

The article examines the development of advanced digital manufacturing (as outlined in the ‘Made-in-China 2025’ government plan) from the perspective of the changing socio-technical paradigms of production. The analysis focuses on the transformations of value chains and work, based on theories of social shaping of technology, regulation theory and regimes of production. Analytically, the author proposes to distinguish between ‘production-driven’ and ‘distribution-driven’ pathways of manufacturing digitalisation. The transformation of semi-rural industrial areas (‘Taobao villages’, named after China’s largest e-commerce platform Taobao) into mass production clusters for e-commerce is depicted as a paradigmatic model of distribution-driven transformation and as a characteristic Chinese strategy in this field. The article examines the impact on industry supply chains and work, leading to ever-more precarious conditions of employment. Policy recommendations focus on local strategies to stabilise supply chain structures and working conditions, as an alternative to the present top-down approaches to manufacturing modernisation in China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document