scholarly journals The End of Court-Ordered Desegregation

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
The South ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unique Dataset

In response to three Supreme Court rulings in the early 1990s, numerous court-ordered desegregation plans have been terminated. Using a unique dataset and an event study research design, this paper explores the impact of these terminations. The results suggest that termination produces a moderate increase in racial segregation. Outside of the south, dismissal also increases the rate at which black students drop out of school and attend private school. In the south, in contrast, there is no change in the school attendance patterns of blacks. Finally, evidence is presented that whites re-enter dismissed districts in large numbers in the south. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J15, K10)

scholarly journals Catholic Schools and Bad Behavior: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naci H. Mocan ◽  
Erdal Tekin
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Private School ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlthough there is a sizeable literature on the effect of private school attendance on academic student outcomes, the number of studies that investigate the impact of school sector on non-academic outcomes is limited. Using a rich data set, we analyze the impact of Catholic school attendance on the likelihood that teenagers use or sell drugs, commit property crime, have sex, join gangs, attempt suicide, or run away from home. We employ propensity score matching methods to control for the endogeneity of school choice. Catholic school attendance reduces the propensity to use cocaine and to have sex for female students. However, it increases the propensity to use and sell drugs for male students.

4. African American Christianity: The modern phase (1863–1935)

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Eddie S. Glaude
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
The South ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
American Cities

‘African American Christianity: The Modern Phase (1863–1935)’ describes three distinctive moments: firstly, the nationalization of black Christianity, as the “invisible institution” of the slaveholding South became visible and as black denominations in the North extended their missions overtly into the South. Secondly, large numbers of African Americans migrated from the South to relocate in the North and the West, which changed the demographics of American cities as they confronted new forms of labor discipline and different social constraints. Finally, the modern phase was also characterized by American imperial ambition and the consolidation of a new racial regime called Jim Crow. Racial segregation and the extralegal violence that attended its implementation fundamentally shaped the expression of black Christianity during this period.

scholarly journals Impact of Rural-urban Labour Migration on Education of Children: A Case Study of Left behind and Accompanied Migrant Children in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana K Roy ◽  
Pappu Singh ◽  
U N Roy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Migration Stream ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Impact

In developing countries, seasonal labour migration from rural to urban or from backward to developed region is a household livelihood strategy to cope with poverty. In this process, the children of those migrants are the worst affected whether they accompany their parents or are left behind in the villages. The present paper explores the impact of temporary labour migration of parent(s) on school attendance of the children between 6–14 years and their dropping out from the school through an analysis of the cases from both the ends of migration stream in India. Data was collected from thirteen construction sites of Varanasi Uttar Pradesh and nine villages of Bihar by applying both qualitative and quantitative techniques. It is evident from the study that the migrants through remittances improve school accessibility for the left behind children and bridge gender gap in primary school education. However, among the accompanying migrant children of construction workers, many remain out of school and many are forced to drop out and some of them become vulnerable to work as child labour due to seasonal mobility of their parents. Thus, mainstreaming these children in development process is a big challenge in attaining the goal of universal primary education and inclusive growth in the country like India.Key words: School dropout, seasonal labour migration, left behind children, caste system, poverty, Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India

scholarly journals Translocation of reindeer from South Georgia to the Falkland Islands

Rangifer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron M. Bell ◽  
Robert A. Dieterich
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
The South ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Impact

This report describes the first translocation of reindeer Rangifer tarandus from South Georgia to the Falkland Islands, in the South Atlantic Ocean. Reindeer were introduced from Norway to the subantarctic island of South Georgia on three occasions in the early 1900s by Norwegian whalers, and today they exist as two discrete herds, numbering approximately 2600 individuals in total. Because of concerns over the impact on native vegetation, the long-term eradication of reindeer from South Georgia has recently been proposed. A translocation of reindeer to the Falkland Islands was undertaken in 2001 by the Falkland Island Government with two objectives: (1) to preserve the genetic resources of at least one of the South Georgia herds; and (2) to facilitate the diversification of the agricultural sector of the Falkland Islands by establishing a commercial reindeer herd. Techniques developed and used in North America for the successful relocation of large numbers of calves were adopted for the translocation. A total of 59 calves (26 females and 33 males) were successfully translocated from South Georgia to the Falklands Islands in 2001, and subsequently produced their first offspring in 2003. Good husbandry practices and an understanding of biology and behaviour are essential for the successful translocation of reindeer.Flytting av rein fra Sør-Georgia til FalklandsøyeneAbstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Artikkelen beskriver den første overføring av rein Rangifer tarandus fra Sør-Georgia til Falklandsøyene i søratlanteren. Tamrein fra Norge ble flyttet til den subarktiske øya Sør-Georgia ved tre anledninger i perioden 1911 til 1925 i forbindelse med den norske hvalfangsten der. I dag består bestanden av rundt regnet 2600 dyr fordelt på to geografisk atskilte flokker. Av hensyn til den naturlige vegetasjonen på øya er det forslag om å på sikt utrydde reinbestanden på øya. Regjeringen på Falklandsøyene foretok en første overføring av rein fra Sør-Georgia i 2001 ut fra en målsetting om å 1) bevare genetiske ressurser fra minst en av de to reinflokkene, og 2) øke mulighetene innenfor landbrukssektoren på Falklandsøyene ved å etablere en kommersiell reinflokk der. Overføringen ble utført med metoder som hadde vist seg formålstjenlige ved flytting og nylokalisering av kalver i Nord-Amerika. Totalt ble 59 kalver overført i 2001 derav 26 hunndyr. De overførte reinene produserte kalver i 2003. God driftspraksis og biologisk og atferdsmessig forståelse var viktig for en vellykket overføring.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

Tourism Development in the South Pacific: The Cases of Nauru and Tuvalu

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Towner ◽  
Semisi Taumoepeau
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pacific Ocean ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Processing Centre ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Tuvalu and Nauru are isolated developing island nations located in the South Pacific Ocean. In contrast to the established larger Pacific destinations such as Fiji and Tahiti, the tourism industries on both Tuvalu and Nauru are in their infancy. Tourism development in these remote island nations faces a myriad of challenges which include a lack of infrastructure, environmental susceptibility, economic vulnerability, difficulties with access and considerable distances from major tourist markets. This paper reviews tourism on Tuvalu and Nauru and evaluates their current situation regarding potential tourism development through workshops with relevant stakeholders, surveys and subsequent SWOT analysis. The results of the paper outlined a large number of challenges faced by Tuvalu and Nauru due to their geographic location but also highlighted that both Islands possess fascinating and unique features that have the potential to attract niche tourism markets. A key finding of this paper is that the tourism stimulus or potential attraction can also be the chief threat to the islands’ economic survival hence the two edges of the sword. Further research is required to assess the effect of the withdrawal of the Refugee Processing Centre on Nauru’s economy and to evaluate the impact of climate change on Tuvalu’s society and potential adaption strategies.

Productivity of corn hybrids of different fao groups depending on microfertilizers and growth stimulants under irrigation in the south of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yu. Lavrynenko ◽  
R. Vozhegova ◽  
O. Hozh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.

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