Subclavian vein compression in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
S. I. Ibrahim ◽  
R. J. A. England ◽  
D. F. Ettles
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Subclavian Vein ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
Venous Stenting ◽  
Dismal Prognosis

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a condition with a dismal prognosis in most cases. We present a case of subclavian vein compression in a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated with subclavian venous stenting. Subclavian vein compression is a recognized complication in disseminated carcinomatosis particularly in carcinoma of the breast and bronchus. It has never been described in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

scholarly journals Pyrvinium pamoate can overcome artemisinin’s resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitian Li
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Pyrvinium Pamoate

Abstract Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly lethal subtype of thyroid cancer without effective therapies. Drug resistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma poses a significant problem. Although artemisinin exerts antitumor effects, but its efficacy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is unknown. Methods We used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes. Next, we determined the cause of ART resistance by testing the expression and activity of β-catenin, and enhanced ART activity with a WNT signaling inhibitor. Results Artemisinin suppressed the growth of BHT-101 but not human thyroid anaplastic carcinoma (CAL-62) cells. The mechanism of artemisinin resistance in CAL-62 was associated with the aberrant activation of WNT signaling. Pyrvinium pamoate, an inhibitor of WNT signaling, was used to overcome ART resistance in CAL-62 cells. The combination of artemisinin and pyrvinium pamoate suppressed the growth of CAL-62 cells and induced the apoptosis. Conclusions Our study is the first to prove the efficacy of ART as monotherapy or in combination with PP in the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer, and that the inhibition of WNT signaling may overcome ART resistance.

scholarly journals Thyroid Carcinoma with Pituitary Metastases: 2 Case Reports and Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiying Lim ◽  
Dawn Shaoting Lim ◽  
Chiaw Ling Chng ◽  
Adoree Yiying Lim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Pituitary Metastases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

We present 2 patients with pituitary metastases from thyroid carcinoma—the first from anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and the second from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The first patient, a 50-year-old lady, presented with 2-week history of hoarseness of voice, dysphagia, dyspnoea, and neck swelling. Imaging revealed metastatic thyroid cancer to lymph nodes and bone. Histology from surgery confirmed anaplastic thyroid cancer. She was found to have pituitary metastases postoperatively when she presented with nonvertiginous dizziness. She subsequently underwent radiotherapy and radioiodine treatment but passed away from complications. The second patient, a 65-year-old lady, presented with loss of appetite and weight with increased goitre size and dyspnoea. Surgery was performed in view of compressive symptoms and histology confirmed follicular thyroid carcinoma. Imaging revealed metastases to bone, lung, and pituitary. She also had panhypopituitarism with hyperprolactinemia and diabetes insipidus. She received radioiodine therapy but eventually passed away from complications.

Cardiac metastasis from primary anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: report of three cases and a review of the literature.

2001 ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Giuffrida ◽  
H Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cardiac Metastasis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Cardiac Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Involvement

BACKGROUNDClinically evident cardiac metastases from malignant neoplasms are uncommon. The frequency of thyroid metastasis to the heart is very low. To our knowledge, over the last 20 years only a few cases have been reported in the entire literature. Metastatic cardiac involvement occurs most often during the terminal stage.PATIENTSWe present three cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer with metastatic involvement of the heart.RESULTSTwo of the patients died from cardiac problems. The absence of early symptoms makes the clinical diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma difficult.CONCLUSIONSAnaplastic thyroid cancer is an aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. It should be borne in mind as a source of cardiac metastasis and a cause of cardiac death.

204 The role of immune checkpoint inhibitor as a single agent or combination therapy in advanced thyroid cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A219-A220
Author(s):  
Ju Young Lee ◽  
Inae Park ◽  
Myungwoo Nam ◽  
Christmann Low ◽  
Eugene Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Search Terms

BackgroundThere is a high unmet need for effective systemic treatment for patients with metastatic radioactive iodine refractory (RAI-R) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Immunotherapy may be used as an alternative option for those without targetable mutations or have become resistant to targeted therapy. Here we review the clinical trials and retrospective studies and discuss the potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced thyroid cancer.MethodsThe details of pertinent clinical trials were obtained from clinicaltrials.gov (NIH) using search terms including ‘thyroid cancer’ and ‘immunologic.’ The NCT numbers and search terms were used to search for published results on databases such as PubMed, American Association of Cancer Research, and American Society of Clinical Oncology. The efficacy outcome measures were determined using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1.ResultsIn RAI-R DTC, responses to three different regimens have been reported: pembrolizumab, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib. No CR was reported, and the overall response rates (ORRs) varied from 9% (pembrolizumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab) to 64% (pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib) (figure 1a).1–4 In ATC, four studies have reported favorable outcomes in the context of dabrafenib and trametinib.5 The efficacy of spartalizumab, a PD1-inhibitor, was evaluated in a phase I/II trial, rendering an ORR of 19%, with 3 CRs (7%) and 5 PRs (12%) [6]. The study of nivolumab plus ipilimumab reported an ORR of 30% in ATC, with a near CR and two without clear evidence of disease at 13 and 26 months.2 A trial that tested the combination of atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib in BRAFV600E-mutated patients reported an ORR of 59%.7 A retrospective study reported an ORR of 60% after adding pembrolizumab at the time of progression on lenvatinib8 (figure 1b). There are 25 ongoing trials evaluating the efficacy of ICIs in different types of thyroid cancer. Three trials are testing pembrolizumab as monotherapy, three trials are assessing ICI combination therapy, and six trials are testing the efficacy of various ICI and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations (figure 2).Abstract 204 Figure 1Comparison of responses in different regimens*The study population consisted only of BRAFV600E-positive patients**Retrospective studyAbbreviations: CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; Uneval; unevaluable; PEM, pembrolizumab; IPI, ipilimumab; NIVO, nivolumab; LENV, lenvatinib; ATEZO, atezolizumab; VEM, vemurafenib; COBI, cobimetinib; DAB, dabrafenib; TRAME, trametinib.Abstract 204 Figure 2comparison of responses in different regimensA. Number of checkpoint inhibition trials for various thyroid cancer histologies. B. Landscape of combination checkpoint inhibition agents.Abbreviations: DTC, differentiated thyroid cancer; ATC, anaplastic thyroid cancer, MTC, medullary thyroid cancer; NIVO, nivolumab; IPI, ipilimumab; LENV, lenvatinib; ATEZO, atezolizumab; VEM, vemurafenib; COBI, cobimetinib, DAB, dabrafenib; TRAME, trametinib; PEM, pembrolizumab; DOXY, doxycycline; SBRT: Stereotactic radiation therapy.ConclusionsThe recent trials and a retrospective study have reported favorable outcomes in ATC, suggesting ICIs have a potential role in treating patients with ATC. In particular, dual ICIs or combination of TKI and ICI can be developed as treatment options for ATC. Further large scale randomized prospective studies are required to establish ICIs as standard of care.ReferencesMehnert JM, et al. Pembrolizumab for advanced papillary or follicular thyroid cancer: preliminary results from the phase 1b KEYNOTE-028 study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016; 34: 6091–6091.Lorch JH, et al. A phase II study of nivolumab (N) plus ipilimumab (I) in radioidine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR DTC) with exploratory cohorts in anaplastic (ATC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Journal of Clinical Oncology38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020) 6513–6513.Haugen B, et al. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab combination therapy in patients with radioiodine-refractory (RAIR), progressive differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC): Results of a multicenter phase II international thyroid oncology group trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020) 6512–6512.Schlumberger M, et al. Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:621–30.Subbiah V, et al. Dabrafenib and Trametinib Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic BRAF V600-Mutant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018; 36:7–13.Capdevila J, et al. PD-1 Blockade in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology38, no. 23 (August 10, 2020) 2620–2627.Cabanillas ME, et al. Atezolizumab combinations with targeted therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020;38(15).Iyer PC, et al. Salvage pembrolizumab added to kinase inhibitor therapy for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2018;6:68.

Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid cancer: improved insight and therapeutic strategy into a highly aggressive disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P O’Neill ◽  
B O’Neill ◽  
C Condron ◽  
M Walsh ◽  
D Bouchier-Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
P53 Mutation ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Undifferentiated Thyroid Cancer

Background: This review article discusses the clinical and diagnostic implications of anaplastic thyroid cancer, recognizing the aggressive nature of the disease and extensive disease progression upon diagnosis. Standard treatment strategies (surgical, chemotherapy, radiation) are discussed, comparing adjuvant and neo-adjuvant regimens and the emergence of tumour resistance with expression of multidrug resistance pumps. We question the pathological evolution of anaplasia as a ‘de novo’ disease or a post malignant transformation or dedifferentiation and the therapeutic implications of p53 mutation. Future treatment options are reviewed with an emphasis on specific molecular targets responsible for the neoplastic phenotype.Method: An electronic search on Medline and Pubmed was performed under ‘anaplastic thyroid carcinoma’, ‘anaplastic thyroid carcinogenesis’, ‘anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treatment reviews’. Relevant papers were systematically reviewed from 1965 to present.

Rapid thyrotoxicosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Phillips ◽  
D R Pledger ◽  
A W Hilger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

We present the case of a 71-year-old man with anaplastic thyroid cancer. On presentation, his thyroid function was normal, but he subsequently developed sudden, rapid thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is very rare, but in all previously reported cases the patient was thyrotoxic at presentation. Our case is unusual as our patient presented euthyroid, and thyrotoxicosis developed subsequently. We challenge current ideas regarding the biochemical pathophysiology of rapid thyrotoxicosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and provide an alternative explanation.

scholarly journals Survival in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis 1973-2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
M. Gore
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Rank Analysis ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Lower Stage

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the least common and most aggressive of the thyroid cancers. ATC typically represents less than 5% of all thyroid cancer diagnoses but represents up to 50% of thyroid cancer deaths. The rarity of ATC lends itself to study by population-based studies. Methods. The most recent 1973-2015 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for patients with a diagnosis of ATC. Data on demographics, overall survival, surgical treatment, and staging were extracted. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis was used to evaluate for univariate survival differences, and logistic regression analysis was used to conduct a multivariate analysis. Results. A total of 1642 patients were identified (1021 female, 621 male). The largest age group was 75-79 years old, with the majority of patients older than 60. Univariate analysis showed that age at diagnosis, AJCC overall stage, T, N, and M stage, and surgical treatment vs. nonsurgical treatment significantly affected overall survival. Conclusions. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy. It has a relatively dismal prognosis, but younger age, surgical treatment, and lower stage improve overall survival outcomes.

scholarly journals Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Vladan Zivaljevic ◽  
Aleksandar Diklic ◽  
Ivan Paunovic ◽  
Ksenija Krgovic ◽  
Rastko Zivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Anaplastic Transformation ◽  
Tumor Reduction

The aim of the present paper was to study some characteristics and posibility of surgery of anaplastic thyroid cancer. During five years period in Center for endocrine surgery, we found anaplastic thyroid cancer in 65 patienst (44 female and 21 male), median age 63 years (from 37 to 88 years). Surgical treatment was peerformed in one half (32) anaplastic thyroid cancer patients, at majority of them operative biopsy or tumor reduction only. Radical syrgery was performed in about 10% patients. Posibility of surgery in anaplastic thyroid cancer are very limited. In one third patients there were longstanding goter or thyroid nodul or histological verified dediferentiation of papillary thyroid cancer. This patienst should be operated formerly, before anaplastic transformation.

scholarly journals 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism and consequent appearing of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid: simple case-report or real pathophysiologic link?

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
G. Scanelli ◽  
B. Traverso ◽  
F. Frabetti
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Thyroid Lesion ◽  
Tnf Α

BACKGROUND 131I is usually employed for the therapy of hyperfunctioning thyroid diseases. This β-emitting radioisotope acts releasing its radiations in small tissue volumes, but it is mandatory to consider, also for the small doses, the carcinogenic risk, well documented with the high 131I dosages used to cure differentiated thyroid cancers. METHODS We describe a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma appeared 4 years after therapy with 131I for Graves’ disease. The patient was treated both surgically and with thyonamides for Graves’ disease 20 years before; thereafter she underwent simple nephrectomy owing to Grawitz disease. After some years of well being, she was treated with 131I for a relapse of Graves’ disease. Four years later, she was treated with interleukin-2 and TNF-α, owing to distant metastases (pancreas, liver and lung) of Grawitz cancer. Some months later, because of a rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland, she was thyroidectomized and anaplastic thyroid cancer was histologically documented. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS It is very difficult to investigate the possible transformation of a benign thyroid lesion to a malignant one, and data from the literature are conflicting. Fractioned doses of 131I are known to induce less cancers than high doses: they allow DNA to repair. Nevertheless, in patients with altered or non valid genetic repair’s mechanisms (i.e. patients with p53 mutations) and, for this reason, prone to develop cancers, even low doses of 131I can induce carcinogenetic effects. In a patient with a history of cancer, who subsequently develops hyperthyroidism, even low doses of 131I can induce anaplastic thyroid cancer; in these subjects, therefore, other treatments than 131I could be preferred for the therapy of Graves’ disease. In our peculiar case, moreover, some studies have noteworthy demonstrated that certain cytokines (IL-1, TGF-β1 e TNF-α) can, rather than inhibit, induce anaplastic thyroid cancer cells to grow.

scholarly journals Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid - clinicomorphological spectrum and review of literature

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghosh ◽  
N Nepal ◽  
MD Gharti ◽  
S Basnet ◽  
M Baxi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cell Variant ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies ◽  
Atypical Mitosis

Background: Thyroid cancer is fairly common. The worldwide annual incidence ranges from 0.5 to 10 cases per 100,000 people. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, comprising less than 10% of all thyroid carcinomas, remains one of the most virulent of all cancers in humans with a 10 year survival rate of only 0.1 %. In the present study we looked into the clinical, cytological and histological spectrum of anaplastic carcinoma and compared our experience with recent literature. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study from January 2000 to November 2010. Clinical, cytological and histopathological data of all the diagnosed anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cases were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Of the 59 thyroid malignancies diagnosed in the same period, 7 cases were anaplastic carcinoma. The mean age was 63 years and was predominantly found in females. All of the cases presented with a neck mass that lasted for a mean of 5.7 months. The mean tumor size was 14.9 cm and the most common sub-type was the spindle cell type. Atypical mitosis of more than 5 per high power field and necrosis was noted in all cases. Conclusion: Due to the markedly aggressive nature of this tumor and its association with areas of endemic thyroid disease, early diagnosis and aggressive therapy is essential, especially in the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan belt. Keywords: Anaplastic carcinoma; Thyroid carcinoma; Spindle cell variant DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4451 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 45-48

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