scholarly journals Spontaneous necrotic enteritis in young RFM/Ms mice

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsushita ◽  
T. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Type A ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Conventional Condition ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Gross Lesions

Fatal necrotic enteritis was observed in mice 24-52 days old in the RFM/Ms breeding colony maintained in a clean conventional condition in the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Gross lesions included hyperaemia, petechiae, erosion and the occasional formation of pseudomembranes in the mucosa of the ileum and caecum. Histologically, there was necrotic enteritis with numerous Gram-positive bacilli-forming spores but no inflammatory cell reaction. Non-type-A Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the intestinal contents. This disease cleared after the addition of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (11 mg/I) to the drinking water.

scholarly journals Haemorrhagic-necrotic enteritis in heavy breeds broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Nemanja Jezdimirovic ◽  
Branislav Kureljusic ◽  
Vojin Ivetic ◽  
Jasna Kureljusic ◽  
Dj. Cvetojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Type A ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Liquid Content ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The aim of the investigation was to determine the influence of Clostridium perfringens type A on the development of pathomorphological substrate, its intensity and distribution in fifteen weeks old heavy breeds broilers. The investigation was carried out on corpses of 8 hens and 7 roosters of heavy breeds of provenance COBB 500. After the completion of the autopsy, samples of altered parts of jejunum and liver were taken for histopathological examination, and jejunum intestinal contents for bacteriological examination. In all the corpses, in open pleuroperitoneal cavity, even in situ, an altered part of jejunum can be noticed. It was extremely dilated the entire length, and its wall was bluish-gray with disseminated subserous punctiform blood extravasates. When opened, semi-liquid content with blood coagulums and patches of necrotic mucosa went out of it. By microscopic examination of small intestine tissue cuttings, colored by HE method, there was observed a diffuse necrosis of intestinal villi. They were desroyed and replaced by eosinophilic structureless mass. Furthermore, there could be noticed submucose oedema, capillary congestion and blood extravasates in mucosa, as well as infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes in lamina propria. These microscopic alterations reflect hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis. By microscopic examining of small intestine cuttings colored according to Brown & Brenn method, colonies of bacteria in distal parts of the submucosa were found out. Using bacteriological tests in anaerobic conditions, there was isolated a culture identified as Clostridium perfringens. After applying of multiplex PCR, the obtained isolate was genotyped as Clostridium perfringens type A. On the basis of pathomorphological, bacteriological and molecular examinations, it can be concluded that the infection of heavy breeds with Clostridium perfringens type A is manifested by appearance of haemorrhagic-necrotic jejunitis, that the causer penetrates deeply into jejunum tissue and that wheat and wheat bran were a favoring factor for proliferation of the etiological agent.

scholarly journals Isolation and Genotyping Study of Clostridium Perfringens From Broiler Farms Infected with Necrotic Enteritis in Sulaimania Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Type A ◽  
Dna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Mucosal Scraping

The study is conducting to isolate and toxinotype the suspected cases of Clostridium perfringens infections of broiler farms in Sulaimania province. A total of 108 samples were collected from intestinal contents, mucosal scraping, and hemorrhagic lymphoid nodules from suspected cases of necrotic enteritis in broilers. The result of isolated and identified bacteria were revealed that 63 (58%) out of 108 samples were positive for C. perfringens. The results revealed that the isolates were only positive for alpha and beta2 toxin genes. Phylogenetic and DNA sequence analysis of cpa and cpb2 gene showed that cpa genes were highly identical to isolates from broiler in Iran, poultry stool and broiler in Brazil, and blue calves in Belgium. While cpb2 gene is closely related to the isolates of broiler in Iran, India and isolates of goat in Pakistan. The results indicated that the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in broiler farms in the region was mainly due to C. perfringens type A infection

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens type A Causing Necrotic Enteritis Outbreaks among Chickens in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Helal ◽  
Noura Khalaf ◽  
Alaa El menisy ◽  
Mohammed Lebdah
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Type A ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis

scholarly journals Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2593
Author(s):  
Felipe Masiero Salvarani ◽  
Mayane Faccin ◽  
Nayra Fernanda de Queiroz Ramos Freitas ◽  
Mônica Regina de Matos ◽  
Edismair Carvalho Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Spastic Paralysis ◽  
Type D ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Epsilon Toxin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolated from broilers in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Abadeen
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Isolation Rate

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the important enteric disease in the poultry industry worldwide, caused by C. perfringens type A. This study describes the isolation, identification, and toxinotyping of C. perfringens in necrotic enteritis affected broiler chicken in Pakistan. A total of 430 intestinal samples from dead carcasses and birds suspected of NE outbreak, in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan were collected from 36 broiler farms which yielded 87 alpha toxin gene (cpa) positive C. perfringens type A isolates. The birds having 4-5 weeks of age, clinical signs, and reared in open (conventional) sheds showed higher C. perfringens isolation rate. The study concluded netB negative C. perfringens type A as a causative agent for NE outbreaks in broiler birds in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Clostridium perfringens Type A from Broiler Chicken with Necrotic Enteritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunava Das ◽  
Yahya Mazumder ◽  
Biman Kumar Dutta ◽  
Bibek Ranjan Shome ◽  
Komal Molla Bujarbarua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Type A ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Broiler Chickens Revealed by PFGE Analysis in China and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Zafar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Type A ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Pfge Profile ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Beta 2

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is widely distributed in broiler chickens causing clinical and subclinical enteritis and is especially known for causing necrotic enteritis (NE). There are numerous reports of NE outbreaks in Pakistan as well as China but there is a lack of information related to PFGE profile from both the countries. To close this gap, we designed this study and obtained samples from broiler chicken farms located in 3 different regions of Pakistan and 4 different regions of China. A total of 79 fecal swabs (Pakistan=29; China=50) were collected and grown on FTA media. Further, isolates were grown on TSE agar and black colonies were selected for DNA extraction. All 79 isolates were tested for toxin profiles by PCR (α-gene; beta-2; netB gene) and PFGE profiling (pulsotypes analysis). Toxinotyping results revealed that all the isolates (n=50) from China were type A (α-toxin positive) while 23 and 6 isolates (n=29) from Pakistan were type A (α-toxin positive) and type G (α-toxin, NetB positive), respectively. Toxinotyping revealed α-toxin is highly prevalent in both the countries while from Pakistani isolates, NetB toxin was also detected. PFGE discriminated 79 isolates into 45 different PFGE patterns (pulsotypes). The analysis further showed different pulsotypes originating from China and Pakistan and isolates were subtyped by SmaI. The results showed high genetic polymorphism in C. perfringens even within the same strain. These preliminary findings of genetic variations will further help to design control strategies

scholarly journals Developing an experimental necrotic enteritis model in turkeys - the impact of Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria meleagrimitis and host age on frequency of severe intestinal lesions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Hardy ◽  
Sylvie L. Benestad ◽  
Inger Sofie Hamnes ◽  
Torfinn Moldal ◽  
Bruce David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Necrotic enteritis is a significant problem to the poultry industry globally and, in Norway up to 30 % of Norwegian turkey grow-outs can be affected. However, despite an awareness that differences exist between necrotic enteritis in chickens and turkeys, little information exists concerning the pathogenesis, immunity, microbiota or experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis in turkeys. In particular, it is important to determine the appearance of the gross lesions, the age dependency of the disease and the role of netB toxin of Clostridium perfringens . To this end, we report our findings in developing an in vivo experimental model of necrotic enteritis in turkeys. Results: A four tier (0-3) scoring system with clearly defined degrees of severity of macroscopic intestinal lesions was developed, based on 2312 photographic images of opened intestines from 810 B.U.T. 10 or B.U.T. Premium turkeys examined in nine experiments. Loss of macroscopically recognizable villi in the anterior small intestine was established as the defining lesion qualifying for a score 3 (severe intestinal lesions). The developed scoring system was used to identify important factors in promoting high frequencies of turkeys with severe lesions: a combined Eimeria meleagrimitis and Clostridium perfringens challenge, challenge at five rather than three weeks of age, the use of an Eimeria meleagrimitis dose level of at least 5 000 oocysts per bird and finally, examination of the intestines of 5-week-old turkeys at 125 to 145 hours after Eimeria meleagrimitis inoculation. Numbers of oocysts excreted were not influenced by Clostridium perfringens inoculation or turkey age. Among three different lesion score outcomes tested, frequency of severe lesions proved superior in discriminating between impact of four combinations of Clostridium perfringens inoculation and turkey age at challenge. Conclusions: This study provides details for the successful establishment of an in vivo model of necrotic enteritis in turkeys.

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