Measurement of the Spectral Distribution of Scattered 400 kVp X Rays in a Water Phantom

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (351) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Cormack ◽  
T. J. Griffith ◽  
H. E. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Water Phantom

Spectra of X-Ray Tubes with Transmission Anodes for Fundamental Parameter Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Horst Ebel ◽  
Maria F. Ebel ◽  
Christian Pöhn ◽  
Bernd Schoßmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe approach for the description of the emission of white and characteristic x-rays from standard x-ray tubes is modified for an application to transmission anodes. This modification is based on the assumption of a negligible penetration depth of the electrons in comparison to the thickness of the anode. The results of our considerations are presented for Cu, Mo and W anodes with two different thicknesses. For comparison, the spectra of standard anodes which have been operated with identically high voltages and anode currents are given. A typical feature of transmission anodes is their spectral hardening of the energy distribution of emitted photons. A further interesting detail is the development of narrow band excitation anodes as can be seen from the results for Mo. With anode thicknesses of approximately 200 μm and a high voltage of 30 kv the spectral distribution is restricted to an energy ranging from 15 to 20 keV.

scholarly journals An Automatic Stabilized Detection System for Measuring Soft Celestial X-Rays

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Den Boggende ◽  
H. F. Van Beek ◽  
A. C. Brinkman ◽  
H. Th. J. A. Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Detection System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray

In order to observe celestial X-ray sources an instrument is under development to be launched in the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) in 1974. The aim of the experiment is to measure the spectral distribution of the sources. If there is some evidence that a source should be a pulsar the instrument can be switched from the normal mode to the pulsar mode. In this latter mode the detected photons are labeled in time using an on board clock. The ANS will have a pointing mode and a slow scanning mode. The maximum observing time per orbit for one object will be about 2000 s.

Analisis Paparan Radiasi Hambur di Ruang Isolasi COVID-19 RSUD Kraton Kabupaten Pekalongan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Heryani Heryani ◽  
Nurul Firdausi Nuzula ◽  
Ari Dwi Reskianto ◽  
Ryan Wahyu Widhianto
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
Isolation Room ◽  
Water Phantom ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiological Examinations

Analysis of Distributed Radiation Exposure in The Covid-19 Isolation Room in Kraton Re¬gional Hospital, Pekalongan Regency. Since Covid-19 was declared a world pandemic by WHO, isolation rooms have become a place that is often used to deal with pandemics. Radiological examinations or X-rays are used as a supporting examination in the diagnosis of Covid-19. So it is necessary to adjust the Covid protocol in the examination so that there is no transmission of the virus and the effects of unnecessary radiation. Isolation rooms used for radiological examinations of Covid-19 patients need to be reviewed for safety to comply with procedures. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scattering radiation exposure in the Seruni isolation room of RSUD Kraton, Pekalongan Regency. The data in this paper were taken by measuring the amount of scatter radiation exposure in room B of the isolation room Seruni RSUD Kraton Pekalongan Regency, on February 16, 2021. This measurement was carried out with a water phantom as object with the highest exposure factor for thorax examination, namely 70 kV and 16 mAs and carried out at several points around the water phantom object with a distance of 2 meters from the source. The measurement results of scattered radiation exposure are then compared with the Dose Limit Value (NBD) for the general public of 1 mSv in one year. Analysis of the measure¬ment of scatter radiation exposure in the Seruni isolation room at Kraton Hospital, Pekalongan Regency, still experienced leaks and the exposure value exceeded tolerance. The measurement results in the hallway of the Seruni room are 676 Sv/h, in addition to the radiographer (2 meters on the left side of the phantom) it is 627.12 Sv/h, at a distance of 2 meters the right side of the phantom is 287.04 Sv/h, and a distance of 2 meters in front of the hall phantom of 676 Sv/h. The follow-up that needs to be done to optimize radiation protection is to install at least 3 scattering radiation shields.

scholarly journals Spectral distribution in the reflection of parametric X-rays

2014 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Yu A Chesnokov ◽  
A V Shchagin ◽  
N F Shul'ga ◽  
A S Kubankin ◽  
A P Potylitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals SECONDARY RADIATION MAPPING

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vlachos ◽  
Ioannis Kandarakis ◽  
Giorgos Panayiotakis
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Secondary Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Water Phantom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Dose

Radiation protection for personnel working with X-rays is of vital importance. Several studies have been published regarding the secondary radiation and the shielding requirements to areas that are adjacent to the X-ray units. In this work, secondary radiation in a conventional radiographic room, in terms of dose rate (mSv/hr), as a function of different radiographic exposure factors has been studied. The measurements were performed with a 451P Fluke Biomedical survey meter on a Philips Medio 65 CP-H X-ray generator with a cylindrical water phantom. It was found that the dose rate from the scatter radiation decreases with distance. An added filtration of 2.0 mmAl at 100 kVp reduced the secondary dose rate further by 21.4%. The results of this study may be of value during exposure of personnel that are not protected by shielding materials. Highlights Ÿ It was found that the dose rate from the scatter radiation decreases with distance. An added filtration of 2.0 mmAl at 100 kVp reduced the secondary dose rate further by 21.4%. Ÿ The mean secondary X-ray energies for 60, 80, 100 and 100 kV with 2 mmAl added, were calculated as 34.41, 51.12, 69.03 and 71.29 keV respectively. Ÿ The results of this study are of value during exposure of people such as radiographers, and patients during the use of mobile X-ray units.

The spectrum and angular distribution of x rays scattered from a water phantom

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee-Wai Cheng ◽  
Kenneth W. Taylor ◽  
Arthur F. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Water Phantom

TXRF with Various Excitation Sources

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wobrauschek ◽  
Peter Kregsamer ◽  
Christina Streli ◽  
Robert Rieder ◽  
Hannes Aiginger
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
High Power ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Exciting Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beam Path ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Excitation Conditions

AbstractImproving the detection limits in TXRF by optimizing the excitation conditions is the goal of this work. The properties of the exciting radiation due to spectral distribution, polarisation, intensity and energy are investigated and compared to find best conditions. Results are given from experiments performed with synchrotron radiation, Bragg polarized monoenergetic x-rays, high energy cut-off reflector in the primary beam path of a high power x-ray tube and several geometries for the sample reflector.

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