scholarly journals An Automatic Stabilized Detection System for Measuring Soft Celestial X-Rays

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Den Boggende ◽  
H. F. Van Beek ◽  
A. C. Brinkman ◽  
H. Th. J. A. Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Detection System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray

In order to observe celestial X-ray sources an instrument is under development to be launched in the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) in 1974. The aim of the experiment is to measure the spectral distribution of the sources. If there is some evidence that a source should be a pulsar the instrument can be switched from the normal mode to the pulsar mode. In this latter mode the detected photons are labeled in time using an on board clock. The ANS will have a pointing mode and a slow scanning mode. The maximum observing time per orbit for one object will be about 2000 s.

Spectra of X-Ray Tubes with Transmission Anodes for Fundamental Parameter Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Horst Ebel ◽  
Maria F. Ebel ◽  
Christian Pöhn ◽  
Bernd Schoßmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe approach for the description of the emission of white and characteristic x-rays from standard x-ray tubes is modified for an application to transmission anodes. This modification is based on the assumption of a negligible penetration depth of the electrons in comparison to the thickness of the anode. The results of our considerations are presented for Cu, Mo and W anodes with two different thicknesses. For comparison, the spectra of standard anodes which have been operated with identically high voltages and anode currents are given. A typical feature of transmission anodes is their spectral hardening of the energy distribution of emitted photons. A further interesting detail is the development of narrow band excitation anodes as can be seen from the results for Mo. With anode thicknesses of approximately 200 μm and a high voltage of 30 kv the spectral distribution is restricted to an energy ranging from 15 to 20 keV.

High-resolution fast-tomography brain-imaging beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang Hsin Chen ◽  
Shun-Min Yang ◽  
Kai-En Yang ◽  
Ching-Yu Chiu ◽  
Chia-Ju Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Very High

The new Brain Imaging Beamline (BIB) of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been commissioned and opened to users. The BIB and in particular its endstation are designed to take advantage of bright unmonochromatized synchrotron X-rays and target fast 3D imaging, ∼1 ms exposure time plus very high ∼0.3 µm spatial resolution. A critical step in achieving the planned performances was the solution to the X-ray induced damaging problems of the detection system. High-energy photons were identified as their principal cause and were solved by combining tailored filters/attenuators and a high-energy cut-off mirror. This enabled the tomography acquisition throughput to reach >1 mm3 min−1, a critical performance for large-animal brain mapping and a vital mission of the beamline.

Coherent and incoherent scattering of low-energy X-ray photons in the atomic region 13 ≤ Z ≤ 82

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Rao ◽  
R. Cesareo ◽  
G. E. Gigante ◽  
D. V. Rao ◽  
G. E. Gigante
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Incoherent Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bremsstrahlung Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Cross ◽  
Scattering Cross Sections

Coherent- and incoherent-scattering cross sections for the elements Al, Cu, Y, In, Au, and Pb were measured using nearly monoenergetic unpolarized 35.86 and 39.96 keV X-ray beams with high-resolution Si (Li) detectors. Bremsstrahlung radiation from an X-ray tube was used to excite nearly monoenergetic X-rays in secondary targets. To improve the efficiency of the detection system the excitation source, detector, and the target assembly were placed in a vacuum chamber and a pressure of 10−2 mbar was maintained throughout the measurements. This system considerably reduced the background and scattering effects and improved the monochromacy. Experimental coherent-scattering cross sections are compared with the normalized integrated coherent-scattering cross sections calculated using the relativistic, nonrelativistic, and relativistic-modified form factors. Experimental incoherent-scattering cross sections are compared with the theoretical values, calculated using the nonrelativistic incoherent-scattering function. Good correspondence is observed between experimental and theoretical values in the given energy region.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an X-ray Imaging Detector for Digital Radiography at Low Resolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Abdiel Ramírez Reyes ◽  
Gerardo Herrera Corral ◽  
Elsa Ordoñez Casanova ◽  
Héctor Alejandro Trejo Mandujano ◽  
Uzziel Caldiño Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Regular Type ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Ccd Sensor ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Digital X-ray detectors are required in different sciences and applications, however many high quality devices are expensive although high-resolution images are not always required. We present an easy way to build a detector capable of forming X-ray digital images and video with a very large area (18×18 cm2). The detector is formed by three main components: scintillator, optics lenses and CCD sensor. Basically, the device converts the X-rays into visible light which is then collected by the CCD sensor. The scintillator is Gadox type, from Carestream®, 18×18 cm2, regular type, lambda 547 nm. The optics lenses are generic, with manual focus and widely visual field. The CCD sensor has a size of 1/3″, 752 × 582 pixels, monochrome, 20 FPS, 12 bits ADC and pixel size of 3.8 μm. With the built detector and an X-ray source, we formed an X-ray imaging detection system to generate digital radiographs of biological or inert objects-examples are given-, as well as real-time X-ray video. Additionally, the spatial resolution limit was measured in terms of Modulation Transfer Function by the method of opaque edge from a lead sheet with a result of 1.1 Lp/mm. Finally using a filter, the focal spot of the X-ray source is measured, resulting in a diameter of 0.9 mm (FWHM).

System for Non-Dispersive Analysis of Lunar X-Rays from Apollo

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 330-341
Author(s):  
P. Gorenstein ◽  
H. Gursky ◽  
I. Adler ◽  
J. Trombka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Detection System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Service Module ◽  
Dispersive Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Performance

A non-dispersive X-ray detection system consisting of proporticnal counters plus filters is being prepared for the Command-Service Module of the Apollo spacecraft as part of a “geochemistry“ package. It will detect solar induced characteristic X-rays from the abundant elements on the lunar surface during the orbiting phases of the mission. The objective will be a compilation of a map of the lunar chemical composition and to detect regional differences. The system and its theoretical performance are described.

scholarly journals An Audit of Computer Aided Fracture Detection System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 868-872
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Computer Aided

X-Ray images are the most widely recognized methods for medical imaging accessibility for individuals during the wounds and mishaps. X-rays are most frequent and the oldest form of medical imaging. Yet, the minute fracture identification using the X-Ray image is beyond the realm of imagination,because of the complication of bone organisation and the dissimilarity in visual attributes of fracture upon their location. This is the reason why it it is hard to detect the fractures and furthermore decide the seriousness of the damage. The major challenges of X-Ray imaging are the presence of noise, intensity ambiguity, and overlapping tissues. This creates a hurdle in correct diagnosis and delays treatment. The various rates require the human services experts to analyze countless x-ray images. computerized detection of fractures in X-Ray images can be a huge commitment for helping the doctors in settling on quicker and increasingly precise diagnostic decisions and speeds up the plan for the treatment. This research compares the existing fracture detection techniques.From various fractures, programmed identification is viewed as challenging since they are unique and variable in presentation and their results are quite un predictable.The major challenges for computer-aided fracture detection can be accurate segmentation process, automatic identification of the region of interest (bone fracture), evaluation and suggestive course of action.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE DETECTION EFFICIENCY OF THE IN-AIR SUBMILLI-PIXE CAMERA FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
H. SUGAI ◽  
K. FUJIKI ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
A. TERAKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
X Ray

The detection efficiency of the submilli-PIXE camera was improved by installing a new X-ray detector with a smaller distance from specimens. The distortion of elemental images caused by position dependent detection efficiency was corrected by estimating the detection efficiency based on the geometrical configuration of the detection system. The detection efficiency of characteristic X-rays from heavy elements such as iron and bromine became from 11 to 23 times higher than the previous system. The signal to noise ratios was improved from 1.8 to 2.5 times higher and detection limit was also decreased from 1/8 to 1/6 compared to the previous system. The in-air submilli-PIXE camera with improved detection system can be useful to biological applications.

Energy-dispersive Laue diffraction by means of a pnCCD detector coupled to a CsI(Tl) scintillator using ultra-hard X-ray synchrotron radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1612-1620
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shokr ◽  
Amir Tosson ◽  
Ali Abboud ◽  
Alaa Algashi ◽  
Dieter Schlosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Laue Diffraction ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters

The lattice parameters and unit-cell orientation of an SrLaAlO4 crystal have been determined by means of energy-dispersive X-ray Laue diffraction (EDLD) using a pnCCD detector coupled to a columnar structure CsI(Tl) scintillator in the energy range between 40 and 130 keV. By exploiting the high quantum efficiency (QE) achieved by this combined detection system for hard X-rays, a large number of Bragg reflections could be recorded by the relatively small detector area, allowing accurate and fast determination of the lattice parameters and the moduli of the structure factors. The experiment was performed on the energy-dispersive diffraction (EDDI) beamline at the BESSY II synchrotron using a pnCCD detector with 128 × 128 pixels. Since the energies and positions of the Laue peaks can be recorded simultaneously by the pnCCD system, the tetragonal structure of the investigated specimen was determined without any prior information. The unit-cell parameters and the angles between the lattice vectors were evaluated with an accuracy of better than 0.7%, while the structure-factor moduli of the reflections were determined with a mean deviation of 2.5% relative to the theoretical values.

scholarly journals Simulation and Fabrication of Gated Silicon Drift X-Ray Detector Operated by Peltier Cooling

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideharu Matsuura ◽  
Derek Hullinger ◽  
Keith W. Decker
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peltier Cooling ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
High Voltage Source

A proposed simply structured gated silicon (Si) drift X-ray detector operated using Peltier cooling and only a single high-voltage source is investigated. Because the device structure is much simpler than that of commercial Si drift detectors (SDDs), which require at least two high-voltage sources, the cost of the X-ray detection system can be reduced. The absorption of cadmium X-ray fluorescence photons (energy: 23.1 keV) in 0.3-mm-thick Si is only 19% in commercial SDDs. Toward realizing detectors with thicker Si substrates, we simulate the electric potential distribution in the proposed detector with a Si substrate having thickness of 0.625 mm and resistivity of 10 kΩ·cm, and we perform fundamental experiments on a fabricated prototype. The simulation result is in good agreement with the experimental result that the effective active area of the detector is approximately 18 mm2 by using incident X-rays passed through a 0.1-mm-diameter pinhole. An energy resolution of 145 eV at 5.9 keV is experimentally obtained from an 55Fe source at -38 °C.

scholarly journals Particle size and concentration effects on low energy X-ray attenuation in nanostructure and microstructure materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Sarshough ◽  
Kamal Hadad ◽  
Reza Faghihi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Samples

The effects of microsize and nanosize particles in composite structures as well as the incident radiation energy on X-ray attenuation is the focus of this study. To examine these effects, composite samples with different particle sizes of Al2O3 and with different thicknesses were prepared. Characteristic X-rays are applied as monochromatic X-rays and measurements were performed using an X-ray tube with a secondary excitation source instead of radioisotopes. In order to improve the efficiency and minimize the background effects a special detection system was designed and prepared. The linear attenuation coefficients of these samples are measured for X-ray photo energies of 6.40-28.49 keV. The results show that these low energy X-ray beams are more attenuated by nano-structured material compared to the micro-structured one.

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