scholarly journals Spectrum of neuroimaging findings in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1117) ◽  
pp. 20200812
Author(s):  
Ahmed H El Beltagi ◽  
Surjith Vattoth ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhady ◽  
Islam Ahmed ◽  
Yahya Paksoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Cerebrovascular Stroke ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

An outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in China in December 2019, and rapidly spread to become a worldwide pandemic. Neurological complications encountered in hospitalized patients include acute arterial ischemic cerebrovascular stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, critical illness-associated cerebral microbleeds, hypertensive hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis/flare up of infections, flare up of multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, cerebral hemodynamic/hypoxic changes such as watershed ischemic changes and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and spine manifestations of Guillain Barre syndrome and viral myelitis. The purpose of our study is to illustrate the different neuroimaging features in critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients in the State of Qatar.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy (PRES) in a Child with Severe Dengue

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
Yogini Sawant ◽  
Suresh Birajdar ◽  
Hiren Doshi ◽  
Pooja Soni ◽  
Deepak Patkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Csf Examination

Abstract Among neurological complications associated with dengue, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has not been reported in pediatric population. We report a 10-year-old girl with severe dengue who developed PRES. The patient presented with hemorrhagic shock that required fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. She developed seizures with encephalopathy 2 days after recovering from the shock. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was negative for dengue (no white blood cells in CSF with negative polymerase chain reaction for dengue). Her clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings showed typical changes associated with posterior encephalopathy that reverted after resolution of hypertension. Repeat MRI after a month was normal. PRES should be considered as a possible differential diagnoses of dengue associated encephalopathy, especially in cases with normal CSF examination and characteristic MRI changes.

scholarly journals Acute posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in setting of interferon-beta use: case presentation with reduction of edema in 72 h after cessation of interferon-beta therapy with sub-clinical inflammation

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Dietz ◽  
Zarmina Mufti ◽  
Muhammed Yousaf ◽  
Randal Brown ◽  
Christopher Counts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Abstract Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) represents a transient change in mental status with associated vasogenic edema of cortical and subcortical brain structures. It is often attributed to multifactorial etiology including hypertension and altered hemodynamics and disruption of vessel integrity. Patients with autoimmune disease and certain immune modulator therapies are at greater risk. Case presentation A 54-year-old female with past medical history of well-controlled multiple sclerosis on interferon-beta since 2013, presented with witnessed tonic colonic seizure. She also was noted to demonstrate left gaze deviation and left-sided hemiparesis. MRI fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence showed hyperintensity of the subcortical U fibers, concentrated in the occipital, parietal lobes and frontal lobes. Systolic blood pressure was 160 mmHg on arrival. The patient was started on seizure prophylxis and Interferon beta was discontinued. The patient’s mentation, seizures and hemiapresis significantly improved in next 72 h with tight blood pressure control, and had notble improvement on MRI imaging and inflammatory markers. Lumbar puncture CSF results were devoid of infectious and autoimmune pathology. Conclusions A middle-aged female with multiple sclerosis who was on chronic IFN-beta presented to the emergency room with a witnessed tonic-clonic seizure, with MRI T2 FLAIR imaging consistent with PRES. She had notable clinical improvement with decreased edema on imaging and improved inflammatory markers 72 h after cessation of IFN-beta therapy.

scholarly journals Encefalite e encefalopatia em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e464101220764
Author(s):  
Daniele Alcoforado Costa ◽  
Brenda Nascimento Dias ◽  
Bruna Maria de Carvalho Pereira ◽  
Francisco Alex da Rocha Coelho ◽  
Grazielle Araújo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy ◽  
Acute Necrotizing ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Além do trato respiratório ser o principal acometido pela COVID-19, o envolvimento neurológico não é incomum em pacientes internados podendo resultar em complicações graves. Encefalopatia e encefalite são complicações graves e devastadoras do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) que vêm sendo associadas à COVID-19. Esta revisão sistemática reúne dados existentes na literatura a respeito do desenvolvimento de diversos tipos de encefalites e encefalopatias em pacientes com COVID-19. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, resultando em 231 artigos. Restaram 25 trabalhos para compor esta revisão sistemática. Entre eles, 2 foram estudos retrospectivos e 23 são relatos de casos. 12 estudos apresentaram casos com dados consistentes com encefalite e 14 com encefalopatias. Entre eles, alguns casos com tipos mais específicos foram observados mais de uma vez em nossas pesquisas: 3 de meningoencefalite, 3 de Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE), 2 de Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), 2 de Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Foram comuns os achados de hiperintensidades da substância branca, cortical ou subcortical. Hipodensidades e hipoatenuação de estruturas profundas da substância branca e hipodensidades focais das estruturas profundas, assim como múltiplas lesões envolvendo hipocampo, gânglios de base, medula, tronco encefálico, tálamo, dentre outras regiões. Estudos pós-morte já demonstraram a presença de partículas virais de SARS-CoV-2 em tecido cerebral. Esse envolvimento do SNC associado à COVID-19 é considerado indicador de prognóstico ruim, podendo levar a rápida deterioração clínica dos pacientes.

scholarly journals Hemorrhagic Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Rare Neurological Complication of COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Esmaeil KhanMohammadi ◽  
Marziyeh Shahrabi ◽  
Mohsen Koosha
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Convulsive Status Epilepticus ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Hypertensive Therapy

Neurological complications of COVID-19 are well documented. However, there are limited reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with COVID-19 in the literature. Herein, we described a 21-year-old man with a history of bipolar disease and opioid addiction who was admitted because of COVID-19 infection. He suddenly experienced a convulsive status epilepticus following hypertension crisis. The patient was intubated and underwent antiepileptic and anti-hypertensive therapy. His brain imaging was compatible with PRES. The patient gradually improved and was eventually discharged after 40 days. On the next month follow-up, the patient was able to walk with a cane without a history of seizure. In this report, we aimed to highlight the less common cerebrovascular complication of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Spectrum of neurological disorders during pregnancy and postpartum period from a tertiary hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
Karthik Nagaraj ◽  
Chaithra S. P.
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Background: Pregnancy and puerperium are states of hypercoagulability. This predisposes women in these phases to increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases. These neurological complications are important causes of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. These must be recognized and managed to decrease their burden on maternal and child health.Methods: The aim of this study was to consider the occurrence of neurological complications in pregnancy and puerperium and to analyse the clinical and radiological spectrum of them. This was a prospective study carried out with 1200 patients from January 2014 to August 2015.Results: Of the 1200 women, 87(7.25%) were diagnosed to have neurological complications. Overall mortality was 11.4%. Eclampsia (63.2%), Cerebral Venous sinus Thrombosis (CVT) (18.3%) and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in (8%) accounted for the majority of cases (Table 1). Eclampsia carried a significant mortality rate of 12.7% whereas CVT and PRES had favourable outcomes. Imaging of CVT revealed involvement of deep venous system in 12% and haemorrhagic infarcts in 69%.Conclusions: The commonest neurological complications seen in this cohort were eclampsia, cerebral venous thrombosis and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Hence a physician needs to bear in mind the common neurological complications that can occur during pregnancy and puerperium to avert poor pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child.

scholarly journals Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Associated With COVID-19 Infection—A Case Report and Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 251660852110698
Author(s):  
Shamik Shah ◽  
Urvish Patel ◽  
Neev Mehta ◽  
Pratik Shingru
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large number of systemic complications including a variety of neurological complications. Some of the neurological complications are not known. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a known acute neurotoxic syndrome causing a wide range of neurological symptoms. If remains untreated, it can potentially become a life-threatening condition. However, it is not a known neurological complication of COVID-19. We describe a presentation of PRES in a patient with positive COVID-19 and presented with altered mental status. A 78-year-old male with history of idiopathic epilepsy was initially admitted with respiratory illness with negative COVID-19 test. Later during his hospitalization, his respiratory condition got worse and his repeat COVID-19 test came back positive. He had continued encephalopathy and was found to have status epilepticus afterward. Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain showed extensive PRES-related changes. His blood pressure remained overall within control without significant fluctuations. No other apparent etiology was identified for PRES except for possible correlation with COVID-19. Clinicians should consider PRES early in their differential diagnoses in patients with severe COVID-19 with continued encephalopathy.

scholarly journals Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome due to Hypomagnesemia: A Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Almoussa ◽  
Angelika Goertzen ◽  
Stephan Brauckmann ◽  
Barbara Fauser ◽  
Christoph W. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
English Language ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Diagnostic Confusion ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Language Literature

Background. Hypomagnesemia can cause various unspecific neurological complications, which can lead to diagnostic confusion. One of these complications is the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which is extremely uncommon and has been reported only twice in the English-language literature. Case presentation. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with PRES involving only the cerebellar hemispheres and associated with hypomagnesemia. After excluding all the other possible etiologies of PRES, we started magnesium replacement therapy, which led to a remarkable but fluctuating clinical and chemical improvement. A full recovery with no need for further supplementation was achieved only after discontinuation of a proton pump inhibitor. Conclusions. This case highlights the role of magnesium in the pathophysiology of PRES; thereby, underlying hypomagnesemia should be considered in every PRES case with unclear etiology.

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