scholarly journals Radiobiological risks following dentomaxillofacial imaging: should we be concerned?

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210153
Author(s):  
Niels Belmans ◽  
Anne Caroline Oenning ◽  
Benjamin Salmon ◽  
Bjorn Baselet ◽  
Kevin Tabury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Radiobiological Effects

Objectives: This review aimed to present studies that prospectively investigated biological effects in patients following diagnostic dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR). Methods: Literature was systematically searched to retrieve all studies assessing radiobiological effects of using X-ray imaging in the dentomaxillofacial area, with reference to radiobiological outcomes for other imaging modalities and fields. Results: There is a lot of variability in the reported radiobiological assessment methods and radiation dose measures, making comparisons of radiobiological studies challenging. Most radiological DMFR studies are focusing on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, data for 2D dentomaxillofacial radiographs, albeit with some methodological weakness biasing the results. For CBCT, available evidence is limited and few studies include comparative data on both adults and children. Conclusions In the future, one will have to strive towards patient-specific measures by considering age, gender and other individual radiation sensitivity-related factors. Ultimately, future radioprotection strategies should build further on the concept of personalized medicine, with patient-specific optimization of the imaging protocol, based on radiobiological variables.

scholarly journals Radiation dose estimation for pencil beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ignacio O. Romero ◽  
Changqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Geometry ◽  
Muscle Tissues

BACKGROUND: Pencil beam X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) imaging provides superior spatial resolution than other imaging geometries like sheet beam and cone beam geometries. However, the pencil beam geometry suffers from long scan times, resulting in concerns overdose which discourages the use of pencil beam XLCT. OBJECTIVE: The dose deposited in pencil beam XLCT imaging was investigated to estimate the dose from one angular projection scan with three different X-ray sources. The dose deposited in a typical small animal XLCT imaging was investigated. METHODS: A Monte Carlo simulation platform, GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) was used to estimate the dose from one angular projection scan of a mouse leg model with three different X-ray sources. Dose estimations from a six angular projection scan by three different X-ray source energies were performed in GATE on a mouse trunk model composed of muscle, spine bone, and a tumor. RESULTS: With the Sigray source, the bone marrow of mouse leg was estimated to have a radiation dose of 44 mGy for a typical XLCT imaging with six angular projections, a scan step size of 100 micrometers, and 106 X-ray photons per linear scan. With the Sigray X-ray source and the typical XLCT scanning parameters, we estimated the dose of spine bone, muscle tissues, and tumor structures of the mouse trunk were 38.49 mGy, 15.07 mGy, and 16.87 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that an X-ray benchtop source (like the X-ray source from Sigray Inc.) with high brilliance and quasi-monochromatic properties can reduce dose concerns with the pencil beam geometry. Findings of this work can be applicable to other imaging modalities like X-ray fluorescence computed tomography if the imaging protocol consists of the pencil beam geometry.

An investigation into the extent of Lodox imaging usage in South Africa: Radiographer’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Muchui Thambura ◽  
Jeanette G.E du Plessis ◽  
Cheryl M E McCrindle ◽  
Tanita Cronje
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Abstract Introduction Anecdotal evidence suggests that medical professionals in trauma units are requesting additional regional images using conventional x-ray systems, even after trauma patients have undergone full-body Lodox scans. Patients are then exposed to additional radiation, additional waiting times and an increased medical bill. This study aimed at investigating the extent to which Lodox systems were used in trauma units (n=28) in South Africa. Method In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the researcher invited one radiographer from the 28 hospitals in South Africa that use Lodox systems. Radiographers who were most experienced in using the Lodox system completed an online questionnaire. Results Twenty (71.43% n=20) out of twenty-eight radiographers responded. Most hospitals (90%, n=18) were referring patients for additional conventional x-ray images. Radiographers indicated that conventional x-rays were requested for the chest (27.80%, 10/36), the abdomen (16.67%, 6/36), the spine (13.89%, 5/36) and the extremities and skull (19.44%, 7/36). Additionally, radiographers reported using Lodox to perform procedures and examinations usually performed on conventional x-ray systems when conventional x-ray systems were not operational. Conclusion Currently, it is not clear if the use of conventional x-ray imaging following Lodox is necessary, but the results suggest that the practice is commonplace, with healthcare workers in most hospitals (90%, n=18) requesting additional x-ray imaging. The researcher thus recommends that an imaging protocol for Lodox imaging systems should be developed to guide the referral of the patients for further imaging.

Radiation dose to neonates undergoing X-ray imaging in special care baby units in Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Faghihi ◽  
S. Mehdizadeh ◽  
S. Sina ◽  
F. N. Alizadeh ◽  
B. Zeinali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Special Care ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Determination of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination using thermoluminescence dosimeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
Chinenye Evangeline Eyisi-Enuka ◽  
Christian Chukwuemeka Nzotta ◽  
Ebbi Donald Robinson ◽  
Akintayo Daniel Omojola ◽  
Thomas Adejoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Exposure to ionizing radiation during radiographic examination is associated with some biological effects. The study was aimed to determine the amount of scatter radiation to the breast during lumbosacral x-ray examination. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out among 60 women referred for Lumbosacral spine radiography from September 2019 to December 2019. Ethical approval was granted by the hospital ethical committee. A single-phase mobile X-ray unit was used to dispense the radiation while a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chip was used to measure the radiation dose. The TLD chip was attached to the peri-areolar region of the left breast and held in place by a transparent adhesive tape. The TLD was carefully enclosed in a black polythene sachet before and after the investigation to shield it from background radiation. After the investigation the TLD,s were sent to the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) for reading and annealing.  Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 55.32±12.35years and 29.70±7.09kg/m2 respectively. The cumulative mean (±SD) ESD to the breast was 3.87±0.87mGy. The highest scatter radiation dose was observed in the age group 60-69 years. Pearson’s correlation showed a week correlation between age and ESD. Conclusion: The study showed that there were scatter radiations to the breast during lumbosacral X-Ray investigations which was was lowest among the age group 50-59years. No significant difference was seen between AP and lateral positions. The cancer risk was 1 in 6,000 indicating that there might be needed to shield the breast while performing lumbosacral X-ray.

Patient radiation dose reduction using an X-ray imaging noise reduction technology for cardiac angiography and intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Nakamura ◽  
Tomoko Kobayashi ◽  
Atsushi Funatsu ◽  
Tadahisa Okada ◽  
Maria Mauti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Radiation Dose Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cardiac Angiography ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Patient Radiation Dose

Radiation dose from 3D rotational X-ray imaging: organ and effective dose with conversion factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kim ◽  
D. Sopko ◽  
G. Toncheva ◽  
D. Enterline ◽  
B. Keijzers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals Comparion of Radiation Dose between CT and other X-ray Imaging Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Murakami ◽  
Toshihiko Katakura ◽  
Kenji Suzuki ◽  
Takeshi Yusa ◽  
Sinya Seino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Patient Radiation Dose Reduction during Transarterial Chemoembolization Using a Novel X-Ray Imaging Platform

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kohlbrenner ◽  
K. Pallav Kolli ◽  
Andrew G. Taylor ◽  
Maureen P. Kohi ◽  
Nicholas Fidelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽  
Radiation Dose Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Patient Radiation Dose

scholarly journals Dose optimization approach to fast X-ray microtomography of the lung alveoli

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Lovric ◽  
Sébastien F. Barré ◽  
Johannes C. Schittny ◽  
Matthias Roth-Kleiner ◽  
Marco Stampanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
The One

A basic prerequisite for in vivo X-ray imaging of the lung is the exact determination of radiation dose. Achieving resolutions of the order of micrometres may become particularly challenging owing to increased dose, which in the worst case can be lethal for the imaged animal model. A framework for linking image quality to radiation dose in order to optimize experimental parameters with respect to dose reduction is presented. The approach may find application for current and future in vivo studies to facilitate proper experiment planning and radiation risk assessment on the one hand and exploit imaging capabilities on the other.

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