scholarly journals Adsorption of Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Oak Shells: Parametric and Fractional Factorial Design Study. Part I. Removal of Copper

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Nagham Al-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Operating Variables

Non-activated and chemically activated oak shells were evaluated for their ability to remove Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of contact time, sorbent concentration, Cu2+ ion concentration and the pH of the solution on the sorption process. The Cu2+ ion uptake by oak shells increased with decreasing sorbent concentration or with an increase in Cu2+ ion concentration or solution pH. The fractional factorial design technique was applied in order to determine the average Cu2+ ion uptake, the contribution of each operating variable to the value of the uptake and the interaction among the operating variables when the sorbent type, sorbent concentration, Cu2+ ion concentration, pH, contact time and salt were all varied from one level to another. Application of this technique showed that the sorbent concentration had the largest influence on the value of the Cu2+ ion uptake followed by Cu2+ ion concentration and sorbent type. Interaction among the different operating variables played an important role in the adsorption process.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Oak Shells: Parametric and Fractional Factorial Design Study. Part II. Removal of Phenol and Dyes

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Rana Saeidi ◽  
Salam Abu Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph

As in Part I, non-activated (natural) and chemically activated oak shells were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol and Methylene Blue (as a typical dye component) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of contact time, sorbent concentration, phenol concentration and the pH of the solution on the sorption process. Activated oak shells adsorbed more phenol than natural oak shells under the same conditions. A decrease in sorbent concentration or an increase in phenol concentration or solution pH resulted in an increase in phenol uptake by the oak shells. The uptake of Methylene Blue increased with decreasing sorbent concentration and with an increase in the dye concentration, but decreased significantly with solution pH. According to the fractional factorial design technique, the sorbent type employed (natural or activated) had the most significant influence on phenol or Methylene Blue uptake followed by sorbent concentration and then sorbate concentration. Interaction amongst the different operating variables played an important role in the uptake of phenol or Methylene Blue dye by the adsorbent considered.

scholarly journals Using Pomegranate Peel and Date Pit Activated Carbon for the Removal of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wedad A. Al-Onazi ◽  
Mohamed H.H. Ali ◽  
Tahani Al-Garni
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

Some agricultural byproducts are useful for solving wastewater pollution problems. These byproducts are of low cost and are effective and ecofriendly. The study aim was to investigate the possibility of using pomegranate peel (PP) and date pit (DP) activated carbon (PPAC and DPAC, respectively) as sorbents to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Agricultural wastes of DPs and PPs were subjected to carbonization and chemical activation with H3PO4 (60%) and ZnCl2 and used as adsorbents to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) from their aqueous solutions. The physical characterizations of PPAC and DPAC, including determination of surface area, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, were performed. The following factors affected adsorption: solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time. These factors were studied to identify the optimal adsorption conditions. The results showed that the maximum adsorptions of Cd(II) and Pb(II) were achieved at pH ranging from 6 to 6.5, 90 min contact time, and 0.5 g/L for PPAC and 1 g/L for DPAC dosage. Furthermore, the adsorption efficiencies for both Pb(II) and Cd(II) were higher for PPAC than for DPAC. However, the recorded Qmax values for PPAC were 68.6 and 53.8 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II) and for DPAC were 34.18 and 32.90 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model fit the adsorption data better than the Freundlich model. Kinetically, the adsorption reaction followed a pseudo-second-order reaction model, with qe ranging from 12.0 to 22.37 mg/g and an R2 value of 0.99.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Acid Blue 80 Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Cu-TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Johanna Puentes-Cárdenas ◽  
Griselda Ma. Chávez-Camarillo ◽  
César Mateo Flores-Ortiz ◽  
María del Carmen Cristiani-Urbina ◽  
Alma Rosa Netzahuatl-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Modeling Of Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium Data ◽  
Acid Blue

The adsorption performance of a Cu-TiO2composite for removing acid blue 80 (AB80) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated in terms of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics. The effect of operating variables, such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature, on AB80 adsorption was studied in batch experiments. AB80 adsorption increased with increasing contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature and with decreasing solution pH. Modeling of adsorption kinetics showed good agreement of experimental data with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The experimental equilibrium data for AB80 adsorption were evaluated for compliance with different two-parameter, three-parameter, and four-parameter isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the AB80 adsorption equilibrium data. The thermodynamic data revealed that the AB80 adsorption process was endothermic and nonspontaneous. Kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic results indicate that Cu-TiO2adsorbs AB80 by a chemical sorption reaction.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Chromium(VI) onto Freshwater Snail Shell-Derived Biosorbent from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Hoa Vu ◽  
Lan Huong Nguyen ◽  
Huu Tap Van ◽  
Dinh Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Thu Huong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms

In this study, freshwater snail shells (FSSs) containing CaCO3 were used as a low-cost biosorbent for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of FSS and mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption onto FSS were investigated. The FSS biosorbent was characterized using nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption mechanism was determined by conducting various batch adsorption experiments along with fitting experimental data with various adsorption models. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted as a function of solution pH, contact time, biosorbent dose, and initial Cr(VI) concentration. Results indicated that pH = 2, a contact time of 120 min, and an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 30 mg/L at 20°C were the best conditions for adsorption of Cr(VI) onto FSS. The Cr(VI) adsorption onto FSS decreased with an increase in temperature from 20 to 40°C. The obtained maximum adsorption capacity was 8.85 mg/g for 2 g/L of FSS dose with 30 mg/L of initial Cr(VI) at 20°C. The adsorption equilibrium data fit well with the Sips and Langmuir isotherm models at 20°C with a high R2 of 0.981 and 0.975, respectively. Also, a good correlation between the experimental data and the pseudo-second-order model was achieved, with the highest R2 of 0.995 at 20°C. The adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Simultaneously, this mechanism was also controlled by film diffusion. The Cr(VI) adsorption process was irreversible, spontaneous (−∆G°), exothermic (∆H° is negative), and less random (∆S° is negative). In conclusion, freshwater snail shells have the potential as a renewable adsorbent to remove toxic metals from wastewater.

Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Orooji ◽  
Fatemeh Noorisafa ◽  
Nahid Imami ◽  
Amir R. Chaharmahali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Nanocomposite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Membrane Fabrication

<p>Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane. </p>

scholarly journals Fabrication of a Silicide Thermoelectric Module Employing Fractional Factorial Design Principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim S. Graff ◽  
Raphael Schuler ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
Gustavo Castillo-Hernandez ◽  
Gunstein Skomedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Taguchi Methods ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Cu Metallization ◽  
Manganese Silicide ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThermoelectric modules can be used in waste heat harvesting, sensing, and cooling applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and performance of a four-leg module based on abundant silicide materials. While previously optimized Mg2Si0.3Sn0.675Bi0.025 is used as the n-type leg, we employ a fractional factorial design based on the Taguchi methods mapping out a four-dimensional parameter space among Mnx-εMoεSi1.75−δGeδ higher manganese silicide compositions for the p-type material. The module is assembled using a scalable fabrication process, using a Cu metallization layer and a Pb-based soldering paste. The maximum power output density of 53 μW cm–2 is achieved at a hot-side temperature of 250 °C and a temperature difference of 100 °C. This low thermoelectric output is related to the high contact resistance between the thermoelectric materials and the metallic contacts, underlining the importance of improved metallization schemes for thermoelectric module assembly.

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