Acute toxicity test of food additives and other poisonous substances by Japanese goldfish

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) meru[akan umbi asli Indonesia yang mengandung glucomannan. Glukomanan digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan makanan dan suplemen makanan bagi penderita diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, konstipasi dan penurunan berat badan. Namun, umbi porang mengandung kalsium oksalat yang menyebabkan gatal jika dikonsumsi oleh karena itu kesiapan persiapan yang tepat. Perendaman dari S. crispa in vivo elah terbukti menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat. Namun, kelebihan konsumsi kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi ginjal, terutama pada laju flomerasi glomerulus (GFR) dan mempengaruhi kerja ginjal, yaitu penyerapan dan kreatinin fltrasi.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh porang orang dengan S. crispa (keji beling) terhadap kreatinin darah dan histopatologi lambung tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar pada uji toksisitas akut. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan experimental with one test group, without control group. Subjek 20 tikus Wistar betina putih (Rattus norvegicus) dengan berat 110-180 gram, usia 8 - 12 minggu, sehat, dan normal. Kelompok tikus dibagi menjadi Tepung Porang Murni (TPM) dan Tepung Porang dengan ekstrak etanol S. crispa (TPK). Setiap kelompok menggunakan dosis 2000 mg / kg berat badan (BW) dan 5000 mg / kgBB. Data kadar kreatinin dikumpulkan pada 24 dan 72 jam setelah makan juga dikonfirmasikan oleh tikus lambung. Analisis data menggunakan One-Way analysis of ariance (ANOVA).Hasil: Jenis larutan dan frekuensi perendaman tidak berpengaruh pada kadar kalsium oksalat padatepung porang, sedangkan lama perendaman tidak memberi efek. Kadar kreatinin darah tikus meningkat setelah pemberian pakan Tepung Porang urni (TPM) dan Tepung Porang dengan Ekstraksi Keji Beling (TPK) dengan dosis 5000 mg/kgBB.Kesimpulan: Pemberian tepung porang dengan perlakuan ekstrak S. crispa aman sampai dosis 5000 mg/kgBW. Ini terbukti dengan normalitas waktu di tingkat kadar kreatinin. KATA KUNCI: porang umbi, kalsium oksalat, rongga, kreatinin, uji toksisitas akut. ABSTRACTBackground: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber is the original Indonesian tuber containing glucomannan. Glucomannan is utilized as food additives and food supplements for people who have problems with diabetes, high blood pressure, constipation and weight loss. However, it contains calcium oxalate which causes itchy if it is consumed therefore itness appropriate preparation. Soaking of S. crispa in vivo has proven lowering the levels of calcium oxalate. However, the excess consumption of oxalate calcium can cause renal function disorders, especially at the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and affects the kidneys work, ie absorption and filtration creatinine.Objectives: The objective of this study is to know the influence of the porang flour with S. crispa (keji beling) on the level of blood creatinine and gastric histopathology of rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar on acute toxicity test.Methods: This research used experimental with one test group, without control group design. The subjects were 20 white female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with the weight of 110-180 grams, ages of 8 - 12 weeks, healthy, and normal. Rats were divided into. Native porang flour (TPM) and porang flour treated with ethanol extracts of S. crispa (TPK) groups. Each of groups used dosage of 2000 mg / kg body weight (BW) and 5000 mg/kgBW. Data of creatininee levels were collected at 24th and 72nd hours after feeding was also confirmed by gastric rats. The data analysis was used One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) .Results: The type of solution and the frequency of soaking had no effect on calcium oxalate levels in the Porang, whereas the length of soaking is not giving an effect. Blood levels of creatinine rats enhanced after feeding of TPM and TPK. At the dosage of 5000 mg/kgBW.Conclusions: The feeding of porang flour treated with S. crispa was safe until the dosage of 5000 mg/kgBW. It was proven by time normality in creatinine levels. KEYWORDS: porang tuber, calcium oxalate, cavity, creatinine, acute toxicity test.

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Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0095 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Zagorc-Koncan

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

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Dying for change: A roadmap to refine the fish acute toxicity test after 40 years of applying a lethal endpoint

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 112585

Author(s):

Ioanna Katsiadaki ◽

Tim Ellis ◽

Linda Andersen ◽

Philipp Antczak ◽

Ellen Blaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Ceriofast™: An acute toxicity test based onCeriodaphnia dubiafeeding behavior

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.5620150208 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

Gabriel Bitton ◽

Kimberly Rhodes ◽

Ben Koopman

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1386 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 430-432 ◽

pp. 1386-1389

Author(s):

Zhuo Jun Chen ◽

Long Long Feng ◽

Bao Liang Li ◽

Jin Jin Yue ◽

Ying Liang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Base Oil ◽

Synthetic Oil ◽

Four Levels ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

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Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom

Medical Technology and Environmental Health ◽

10.1201/9781003016700-9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

S.B. Rahimah ◽

Y. Kharisma ◽

M.K. Dewi ◽

J. Hartati ◽

W. Maharani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science ◽

10.47836/pjtas.43.4.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Emi Fazlina Hashim ◽

Irence John ◽

Intan Faraha A Ghani ◽

Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Time Interval ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

High Concentration ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Cyprinid Species ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

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Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.41.55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 55-65

Author(s):

Hikmat Kasmara ◽

Desti Pratiwi ◽

Sundoro Yoga Azhary ◽

Eko Sulistyo ◽

Camellia Panatarani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Fine Bubble ◽

Before And After

Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.

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