ANALYSIS OF MENU PLANNING, CONSUMPTION ENERGY DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS AND FOOD LEFTOVERS OF THE ELDERLY NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN SOCIAL ORPHANS

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>The most important thing in giving food to the elderly is that the food served must meet the nutritional needs, the food served is given regularly in small portions but often, the food must be gradual and varied so as not to cause boredom, the food must be according to doctor's instructions for certain elderly and food must be soft. The elderly who live in the Werdha Nursing Home are faced with a different situation than before they lived in an orphanage. This causes the elderly to make adjustments so that their needs can be fulfilled. Health conditions in the elderly stage are largely determined by the quality and quantity of nutritional intake.<strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the analysis of menu planning, the relationship of energy consumption density and food waste to the nutritional status of the elderly at the Social Home<strong> Method: </strong>This study was an observational study of cross-sectional study design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique with a total of 50 elderly respondents. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. <strong>Results: </strong>Planning the menu at the Social Home is carried out once a year with a seven-day menu cycle compiled by a Puskesmas Nutritionist and has a menu structure consisting of the frequency of feeding 3 main meals and 2 interludes. The application in feeding has not been adjusted to the menu made by a Nutritionist. Most respondents were aged 60-74 years (elderly). Correlation test results showed that there was no relationship between energy consumption density with the nutritional status of the elderly ( p = 0.589 ) (p&gt; 0.05) and there was a relationship between food waste and the nutritional status of the elderly (p = 0.010 ) (p &lt;0.05). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some menu planning at the Social Institution was carried out and some did not meet the factors that influenced menu planning at the institution. There is a relationship between food waste with the nutritional status of the elderly, the main factor affecting nutritional status is food intake. This is because not only because of the small amount of food left (&lt;20%) which causes the risk of malnutrition, but there are other factors based on the questions and the results of the MNA score.</em><em> </em></p>

The effect yellow passion fruit peel juice (Passiflora eduils f.flavicarpa deg) on LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as predictors of cardiovascular disease

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar Belakang: Rasio LDL terhadap HDL menggambarkan profil kolesterol LDL dan HDL dalam darah dan merupakan salah satu komponen penting sebagai indikator risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Kandungan serat yang tinggi terutama pektin (serat larut air) pada kulit markisa kuning dapat mencegah penyerapan karbohidrat, menurunkan absorpsi lemak dan kolesterol darah sehingga dapat mengontrol kadar lipid dalam darah.</p><p>Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh jus kulit markisa kuning terhadap rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL pada pasien diabetes mellitus sebagai prediktor penyakit kardiovaskuler di wilayah kerja puskesmas Teppo Kabupaten Pinrang.</p><p>Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan non-randomized pre-test dan post-test with control group. Cara pemilihan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 40 orang yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan jus kulit markisa kuning sebanyak 250 ml/hari dan edukasi selama 15 hari sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan edukasi.</p><p>Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio kolesterol LDL: HDL pada kelompok intervensi mengalami penurunan dengan rerata penurunan sebesar 0,56 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol mengalami peningkatan dengan rerata peningkatan sebesar 0,25. Secara statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok control (p&lt; 0,05).</p><p>Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rerata selisih rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol setelah pemberian jus kulit markisa kuning pada penderita diabetes mellitus.</p><p>KATA KUNCI: kulit markisa kuning; rasio LDL:HDL; prediktor penyakit kardiovaskuler</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: The ratio of LDL to HDL illustrates the profile of LDL and HDL cholesterol in the blood and it is one of the important components as an indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease. High fiber content, especially pectin (water-soluble fiber) on the skin of yellow passion fruit can prevent the absorption of carbohydrates, reduce the absorption of fat and blood cholesterol so that it can control blood lipid levels.</p><p>Objectives: To assess the effect of fruit peel juice on LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio in patients with diabetes mellitus as predictors of cardiovascular disease in the working area of Teppo Health Center, Pinrang Regency.</p><p>Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a non-randomized pre-test and post-test with the control group. The method of selecting samples with a purposive sampling method of 40 people divided into 2 groups. The treatment group was given 250 ml of yellow passion fruit peel juice /day and education for 15 days while the control group was given education only.</p><p>Results: The result showed that LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio in the intervention group decreased about 0.56 while in contrast LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio in the control group increased about 0.25 and statistically, the change was the difference (p&gt; 0.05).</p><p>Conclussion: Thus there is a significant difference in the mean LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio between the intervention group and the control group after administration of yellow passion fruit skin juice in people with diabetes mellitus.</p><p>KEYWORDS: Yellow passion fruit peel juice; LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio; predictor of cardiovascular disease</p>

A nutrition diary-book effectively increase knowledge and adherence of iron tablet consumption among adolescent female students

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Latar Belakang: Edukasi gizi yang tepat dapat merubah remaja putri untuk berperilaku hidup sehat. Inovasi program edukasi yang dapat memotivasi remaja putri dalam mencari dan mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi secara teratur sangat dibutuhkan sehingga dapat menurunkan prevalensi anemia di Indonesia.<br />Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh edukasi melalui buku diary gizi terhadap pengetahuan gizi, minat mencari tablet zat besi dan kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi (Fe).<br />Metode: Quasi experimental (Non-Randomized group pre–post test) study dengan 50 subyek penelitian yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswi remaja putri di SMA di Kota Pontianak, dengan kriteria umur 14-16 tahun sudah haid dan bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian. Intervensi berlangsung selama dua bulan efektif. Kelompok intervensi diberikan tablet zat besi (Fe) + buku Diary Gizi dan kelompok kontrol tanpa buku Diary Gizi. Tablet zat besi (Fe) yang diberikan mengandung 60 mg Fe elemental dan 20 mg asam folat. Data dianalisis menggunakan software komputer dan disajikan dalam bentuk tekstular dan table, dengan uji statistik Chi square dan t test. <br />Hasil: Hasil penelitian program suplementasi zat besi (Fe) dikalangan remaja putri belum popular. Tingkat pengetahuan siswi yang mendapatkan edukasi gizi dengan Buku Diary lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswi yang mendapatkan edukasi melalui penyuluhan (p&lt;0,05). Siswi dari kelompok buku Diary Gizi lebih patuh dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi (p&lt;0,05). <br />Kesimpulan: Pemberian dan aktivitas dengan catatan harian buku Diary Gizi dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi (Fe). Penggunaan Buku Diary Gizi dapat dipertimbangkan dalam mensukseskan program suplementasi zat besi (Fe) pada remaja putri<br /> <br />KATA KUNCI: buku diary gizi; kepatuhan; konsumsi; pengetahuan; remaja putri; tablet zat besi (Fe)</p><p><br /> <br />ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: Proper education about nutrition can change adolescent females to have a healthy lifestyle. Innovation of education programs which can motivate female adolescents in finding and consuming iron tablets regularly is highly necessary, so that it can decrease the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia.<br />Objectives: To find out the effect of Nutrition Diary-Book education on nutritional knowledge, effort to find iron tablets and consuming iron tablets in adolescence.<br />Methods: A quasi experimental study (non-randomized group pre–post test) was conducted with 50 subjects divided into two groups. The age of the subjects were 14-16 years old, already had menstruation and were willing to be research subjects for 2 months. Iron tablets and nutrition diary-books were administered to intervention group and were administered to control group without nutrition diary-books. The results were analyzed using chi square and t-test.<br />Results: The level of knowledge who get education about nutrition by having nutrition diary-books is better compared to female students who get the education through elucidation (p&lt;0.05). The female students from the intervention group were proven to be more obedient in consuming iron tablets (p&lt;0.05).<br />Conclusion: The administration of nutrition diary-book and activity of writing nutrition diary-book can be used to increase knowledge and adherence in consuming iron tablets among adolescent female students.</p><p>KEYWORDS: adherence; adolescent; iron tablet; knowledge; nutrition diary-book</p>

The rule of nutrition counseling media to students’ snacking behavior

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar Belakang: Banyaknya berbagai jenis jajan saat ini yang beredar tidak aman dikonsumsi anak usia sekolah dasar di lingkungan sekolah maupun dirumah. Makanan jajanan yang ditawarkan penjual belum tentu menyehatkan dan hal yang disukai anak-anak sekolah dasar tetapi sayangnya tidak semuanya aman dikonsumsi oleh anak.</p><p>Tujuan : Untuk menilai pengaruh media penyuluhan gizi terhadap perilaku jajan siswa di SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati Kabupaten Deli Serdang.</p><p>Metode: Penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan desain pretest-posttest group. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati dan dilakukan pada bulan September dan Oktober 2019. Populasi sebanyak 60 siswa dan sampel terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok dengan jumlah masing-masing sebanyak 30 siswa dan pengambilan sampel secara proportional random sampling. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test.</p><p>Hasil: Ada pengaruh media penyuluhan gizi terhadap sikap dan tindakan konsumsi makanan jajanan pada siswa sekolah dasar baik dengan menggunakan powerpoint (p=0,000) maupun leaflet (p=0,000). Skor rata-rata sikap dan tindakan siswa meningkat dari pretest ke posttest dan lebih tinggi peningkatannya pada penggunaan media powerpoint.</p><p>Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh positif media penyuluhan gizi terhadap sikap dan tindakan siswa dengan perilaku jajan siswa. Bagi siswa diharapkan selalu memilih makanan sehat dan tidak memilih jajanan yang kurang sehat.</p><p>KATA KUNCI: media penyuluhan gizi; perilaku ngemil sehat</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: Various types of snacks currently existed in the market are not safe for consumption by elementary school-aged children at school or home environment. Snack food offered by the seller is not necessarily healthy yet the children like. But unfortunately there are several snacks that are not safe for children consumption.</p><p>Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of nutrition counseling media on student snack behavior in SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati, Deli Serdang Regency.</p><p>Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental approach using pretest and post-test group design. The study was conducted at SD Negeri 107422 Pagar Jati, Deli Serdang Regency in September to October 2019. The population were 60 students. Samples were then divided into 2 groups with a total of 30 students using proportional random sampling. Data analysis used was paired sample t-test.</p><p>Results: There was an influence of nutrition counseling media on the attitudes and actions of snacking behavior for elementary school students using either powerpoint (p = 0.000) or leaflets (p = 0.000).</p><p>Conclusion: The average score of students' snacking attitudes and actions increases from pretest to post-test and higher increases in the use of powerpoint media. Students are expected to always choose healthy foods and not to choose snacks that are less healthy.</p><p>KEYWORDS: nutrition counseling media; healthy sacking behavior</p>

The role of sodium intake and liquid balance to overcoming breathing based on respiration rate (RR) on congestive heart failure (CHF) patients

<p><strong>Background : </strong><em>Congestive Heart Failure </em>(CHF) is the inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the needs of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. The most common symptom of recurrence is shortness of breath. One of the dietary management of CHF patients is the limitation of sodium and fluid. The aim of the study was to determine the role of sodium intake and fluid balance in the occurrence of shortness of breath based on <em>Respiration Rate </em>(RR) in <em>Congestive Heart Failure </em>(CHF) patients in Cardiac Hospitalization at H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. <strong>Method: This </strong>type of determination is an observational analytic with a prospective approach. The population was all CHF patients who were hospitalized in the Diamond Room and Kumala Room 3rd Floor RSUD H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin from April 16 to May 6, 2018. Samples were 12 people taken based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. How to collect data using a 1x24 hour <em>food recall </em>form, a liquid form and a <em>Respiration Rate </em>form . Data Analyst is using the Spearman <em>rank </em>correlation test with a 95% confidence level. <strong>Results : </strong>12 respondents obtained 58.3% aged 56-65 years, 66.7% male sex, and 50% with junior and senior high school education or equivalent. The nutritional assessment of CHF patients is reduced breathlessness, decreased blood pressure, normal laboratory data, and no changes in dietary material were given . A sufficient sodium intake (75%), a negative fluid balance level of 66.7%, occurrence of shortness of breath based on normal RR (50%) and tachypnea (50%). <strong>Conclusion : </strong>There is a correlation between sodium intake (p = 0.049) and fluid balance (p = 0.01) to the occurrence of shortness of breath based on the RR value of CHF patients in the Cardiovascular Inpatient Hospital Dr.H.Moch.Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin<strong>.</strong>Adjusting sodium intake and fluid balance is useful to reduce symptoms of shortness of breath in CHF patients.</p><p> </p>

Assessing preconception nutrition readiness among women of reproductive age in Bantul, Indonesia: findings from baseline data analysis of a cluster randomized trial

<p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p><strong>Latar Belakang:</strong> Pemenuhan gizi pada masa prakonsepsi merupakan hal yang penting untuk memastikan kehamilan yang sehat, namun banyak wanita di negara-negara berkembang yang belum menyadari pentingnya hal tersebut. Informasi tentang kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi pada wanita usia subur, khususnya di negara berkembang, masih terbatas.</p><p><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Untuk mengetahui kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi pada calon pengantin wanita di Indonesia</p><p><strong>Metode:</strong> Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari studi cluster randomized trial untuk meningkatkan status besi ibu hamil di Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta, yang melibatkan 173 calon pengantin wanita. Data antropometri, asupan makan, dan pengetahuan tentang gizi prakonsepsi dikumpulkan oleh enumerator yang terlatih, yaitu mahasiswa di Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Alma Ata, dengan melakukan kunjungan ke rumah responden. Data kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi diukur menggunakan 10 indikator, yang meliput: (1) Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT); (2) Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA); (3) kadar Hb; (4) asupan energi; (5) asupan protein; (6) asupan kalsium; (7) asupan zat besi; (8) asupan folat; (9) pengetahuan tentang gizi prakonsepsi; dan (10) konsumsi suplemen zat besi dan/atau asam folat. Skor kesiapan akan berkisar antara 0-10.</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Tidak ada satupun responden yang dapat memenuhi seluruh indikator kesiapan gizi prakonsepsi. Sebanyak 26% responden dapat memenuhi 2 indikator, dan median skor-nya adalah 3 (2.0-4.0). Kadar Hb, IMT, dan LILA merupakan 3 indikator terbanyak yang dapat dipenuhi, sementara asupan kalsium, zat besi, dan folat merupakan 3 indikator yang paling sedikit dapat dipenuhi oleh responden.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> Peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya mempersiapkan gizi prakonsepsi pada calon ibu merupakan hal yang sangat diperlukan. Program intervensi gizi kedepannya sebaiknya sudah dimulai sejak masa prakonsepsi, bukan hanya fokus pada kehamilan.</p><p><strong> KATA KUNCI:</strong> Indeks Massa Tubuh; asupan makan; prakonsepsi; wanita usia subur</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Proper nutrition during preconception is essential to ensuring a healthy pregnancy, however, women in developing countries may not be aware of its importance. Information is limited regarding nutrition readiness prior to conception among women of reproductive age in these settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To examine nutrition readiness prior to conception among premarital women living in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This study was part of a cluster randomized trial which aimed to improve the iron status of pregnant women in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 173 premarital women were included in the study. Data were collected on anthropometry, dietary intake, and knowledge about preconception nutrition by trained nutrition students of the University of Alma Ata, and taking place in the participant’s home. Hemoglobin level data were obtained based on answers to a questionnaire. Preconception nutrition readiness for pregnancy was determined based on 10 indicators, including: (1) body mass index (BMI); (2) mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC); (3) hemoglobin (Hb) level; average daily intakes for (4) energy, (5) protein, (6) calcium, (7) iron, and (8) folic acid; (9) level of knowledge about preconception nutrition; and (10) folic acid and/or iron supplement consumption. Preconception nutrition readiness scores ranged from 0-10.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> No study participants met all 10 indicators for preconception nutrition readiness. One-quarter (26.0%) of participants could only meet 2 indicators, and the median score was 3.0 (2.0-4.0). Hb level, BMI, and MUAC were the 3 indicators met most by participants, while iron, folic acid, and calcium intake were the least met indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Raising awareness about preconception nutritional preparation among women of reproductive age is urgent. Future nutrition intervention programs should target the preconception period.</p><p><strong> KEYWORDS:</strong> Body mass index; dietary intake; preconception; women of reproductive age.</p>

Associated factors of adolescents malnutrition in junior high school student

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar Belakang: Remaja merupakan kelompok usia yang rentang mengalami malnutrisi baik gizi lebih maupun gizi kurang yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan fi sik yang cepat, perubahan hormonal untuk system reproduksi dan perubahan psikosial. <br />Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji sejumlah faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian malnutrisi pada remaja. <br />Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional study yang diselenggarakan di MTS Negeri Model 1 Limboto. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekhnik accidental sampling sejumlah 251 remaja. Variabel penelitian berupa status gizi remaja, status sosial ekonomi, pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku gizi pada remaja. Analisis hubungan antara variabel menggunakan uji chi square test dengan nilai α = 0.05. <br />Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 10,0% remaja mengalami stunting, 23,5% remaja mengalami obesitas, 72,5% pengetahuan gizi kurang, 41,8% sikap gizi seimbang negative dan 45,4% perilaku gizi seimbang yang tidak baik. Analisis uji chi square menunjukkan pendidikan ayah berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada remaja (p = 0,001), namun analisis hubungan social ekonomi dengan kejadian stunting dan obesitas remaja berturut – turut pendidikan ibu (p=0,051 dan p=0,647), pekerjaan ibu (p = 0,385 dan p = 0,206), pendapatan keluarga (p = 1,000 dan p=0,061), riwayat pengasuhan (p = 0,496 dan p = 0,525), jumlah saudara (p = 0,131 dan p = 0,903), jenis kelamin (p = 0,298 dan p = 1,000), pengetahuan (p = 0,767 dan p = 0,447), sikap (p = 0,656 dan p = 0,805) dan perilaku gizi (p = 1,000 dan p = 0,268) tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting dan obesitas pada remaja. <br />Kesimpulan: faktor social ekonomi yakni pendidikan ayah berhubungan signifi kan dengan kejadian stunting pada remaja.</p><p>KATA KUNCI: malnutrisi, pengetahuan, perilaku, sikap, sosialekonomi</p><p><br />ABSTRACT</p><p>Backgrounds: Adolescents are an age group that vulnerable experiencing of malnutrition both over nutrition and undernutrition caused by rapid physical growth, hormonal changes to the reproductive system and psychosocial changes. <br />Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic factors that infl uenced the incidence of malnutrition in adolescents. <br />Methods: The design study was cross sectional study conducted in MTS Model 1 Limboto State. Sampling was used an accidental sampling technique with 251 adolescents. Research variables were included nutritional status, socioeconomic status, knowledge, attitudes, and nutritional behavior. Analysis of the association between variables using the chi square test with a value α = 0.05. The results showed as many as 10.0% of adolescents were stunted, 23.5% of adolescents were obese, 72.5% low nutritional knowledge, 41.8% negative balanced nutrition attitudes and 45.4% poor balanced nutrition behavior. Analysis chi square test was showed the father education related to the incidence of stunting in adolescents (p = 0.001) , but analysis of social economy with the incidence of stunting and obesity in adolescent respectively maternal education (p = 0.051 and p=0.647), mother occupation (p = 0.385 and p = 0.206), family income (p = 1,000 and p = 0.061), caregivers (p = 0.496 and p = 0.525), number of siblings (p = 0.131 and p = 0.903), gender (p = 0.298 and p = 1,000), nutrition knowledge (p = 0.767 and p = 0.447), attitudes (p = 0.656 and p = 0.805) and nutrition behavior (p = 1,000 and p = 0.268) were not related to the incidence of stunting and obesity in adolescents. <br />Conclusion: It was concluded that socioeconomic factors namely father education were signifi cantly related to the incidence of stunting in adolescents.</p><p>KEYWORDS: attitude, behavior, knowledge, malnutrition, social economy</p>

Houesehold food security is a risk factor of type 2 diabetic mellitus

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar Belakang: Ketahanan pangan adalah kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi negara sampai dengan perseorangan, yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan terjangkau serta tidak bertentangan dengan agama, keyakinan, dan budaya masyarakat, untuk dapat hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif secara berkelanjutan. Ketika kondisi pangan bagi negara sampai dengan perorangan tidak terpenuhi, maka kondisi yang terjadi adalah tidak tahan pangan. Tidak tahan pangan berhubungan dengan penyakit kronis diabetes melitus tipe 2. <br />Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifi kasi ketahanan pangan dan faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan DM2 di Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. <br />Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian obeservasi dengan desain case control, dimana kasus adalah pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang terdaftar di 4 kecamatan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Sedangkan kontrol adalah subyek bukan penyandang DM2. Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive yang kemudian dilakukan penyetaraan terhadap umur dan tempat tinggal. Uji statistik chi-square, Mc. Nemar dan regresi logistik dilakukan untuk mengidentifi kasi variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko. <br />Hasil: Uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa riwayat keluarga memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan DM2 (p&lt;0,05). Status tidak tahan pangan lebih banyak terjadi pada kelompok kontrol (79,36%). Banyak responden memiliki skor kualitas diet yang kurang yakni 60,32% di kedua kelompok. Banyak responden tidak mengalami obesitas (&gt;50%). Obesitas sentral terjadi pada 65,08% kasus dan 52,38% kontrol. Uji Mc. Nemar menunjukkan tidak ada variabel yang signifi kan (p&gt;0,05; OR &gt;1). Obesitas sentral berisiko terjadinya DM2 sebesar 61%. Uji regresi logistik menyimpulkan bahwa riwayat keluarga memberikan kontribusi besar berkembangnya DM2. <br />Kesimpulan: Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga bukan faktor risiko terjadinya DM2 di Kulon Progo. Obesitas sentral berpeluang terjadinya DM2. Faktor genetik sebagai faktor dominan terjadinya DM2 di Kulon Progo.</p><p>KATA KUNCI: diabetes melitus tipe 2, ketahanan pangan; kualitas diet; obesitas; obesitas sentral; faktor risiko</p><p><br />ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: Food security refl ects a situation when individual at all times has physical, social, and economic access to suffi cient, diversifi ed, safe and nutrious food that meets their dietary needs, food preference and religious believes for an active and healthy life. When the condition of individual is not adequate, it will contribute to food insecurity. Food insecurity has association with chronic diseases like type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM2). <br />Objectives: To identify whether food security and other cofactors being the risk of DM2 in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<br />Methods: This is an observational study with case control design. The case group was diabetic patients registered in Community Health Center in 4 subdistrics in Kulon Progo Regency whereas the control group was non diabetic patients. Respondents were selected purposively in accordance with inclusive and exclusive criterion, equivalently matching with age, gender and neighborhood. Chi square test, Mc. Nemar and logistic regression were used to identify risk factor. <br />Results: The characteristic of two group revealed that family history had signifi cant association in development of DM2 (p&lt;0.05). Food insecurity more commonly occured in control group (79.36%). Low quality diet was faced by the two group. Half of them had no obesity. Based on Mc. Nemar no variables statistically became risk factor of diabetic mellitus type 2 (p&gt;0.05). But central obesity can be risk for DM. Genetic factor contributed to be DM2. <br />Conclusion: Food security was not risk factor of developing DM2. Central obesity might be the risk of DM2. Parent history was the dominant factor of DM2.</p><p>KEYWORDS: diabetic mellitus, food security; quality diet; obesity; risk factor</p>

Stunting among children Indonesian urban areas: What is the risk factors?

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah malnutrisi kronis yang dapat terjadi pada semua balita termasuk balita di daerah perkotaan. <br />Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko stunting pada anak-anak 0-59 bulan di perkotaan di Indonesia.<br />Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2013. Sampel berjumlah 13.248 anak usia 0-59 bulan dari 33 provinsi, yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan, lahir tunggal (37 minggu), usia ≥37 minggu kehamilan, skor TB/U -5,99 hingga TB/U 5,99 SD, dan data yang diobservasi lengkap. Variabel bebas adalah karakteristik anak (usia, jenis kelamin, berat dan panjang lahir); dan karakteristik rumah tangga (usia orang tua, tinggi badan orang tua, pendidikan, pekerjaan, tingkat ekonomi), sedangkan variabel terikat adalah stunting. Analisis dilakukan dengan regresi logistik multivariat menggunakan Stata13.<br />Hasil: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya stunting balita di perkotaan adalah BBLR (AOR 1,2 CI 95% 1,09-1,32); dan bayi lahir pendek (AOR 1,16 CI95%: 1,99-1,23) dan karakteristik rumah tangga seperti ayah pendek (AOR 1,24, CI95% 1,18-1,31); ibu pendek (AOR 1,23, CI95% 1,17-1,29); ibu berpendidikan rendah (AOR 1,14, CI 95% 1,02-1,23); ayah berpendidikan rendah (AOR 1,13, CI95% 1,02-1,23), dan tingkat ekonomi menengah dan rendah (AOR 1,12, CI 95% 1,06-1,19; AOR 1,24, CI95% 1,15-1,33).<br /> Kesimpulan: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting balita di perkotaan adalah BBLR dan tinggi badan orang tua.</p><p>KATA KUNCI: balita; determinan; Indonesia; perkotaan; stunting</p><p><br />ABSTRACT</p><p>Background:Childhood stunting is a form of chronic malnutrition, including among children in the urban area.<br />Objectives: This research was to determine the risk factors of 0-59 months stunting children in urban Indonesia.<br />Methods: This was a cross sectional study using secondary data based Indonesia’s Basic Health Research 2013. Samples were a total of 13,248 children aged 0-59 months from 33 provinces, urban residency, singleton, ≥37 weeks gestation, and HAZ score -5.99 to 5.99 SD. Independent variables were children characteristics (age, sex, size of birth); and household characteristics (parental age, high, education, employment, economic level), while the dependent variable was stunting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using Stata 13.<br />Results: Children characteristics such as low birth weight (AOR 1.2 CI 95% 1.09-1.32); and short newborn length (AOR 1.16 CI95%:1.99-1.23) and stature father (AOR 1.24, CI95% 1.18-1.31) and mother (AOR 1.23, CI95% 1.17-1.29); maternal low education (AOR 1.14, CI 95% 1.02-1.23); paternal low education(AOR 1.13, CI95% 1.02-1.23), low middle economic level (AOR 1.12, CI 95% 1.06-1.19; AOR 1.24, CI95% 1.15-1.33) were factors associated with urban stunting children.<br />Conclusion: Low birth weight and short stature were dominant factors associated with stunting children in Indonesian urban areas.</p><p>KEYWORDS: children, determinant, Indonesian, urban, stunting</p>

Nutrition counseling about general messages of balanced nutrition improve energy intake and haemoglobin level among HIV children

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar Belakang: HIV adalah masalah kesehatan yang signifi kan di Indonesia. satu kota di DKI Jakarta yang memiliki perkiraan jumlah kasus HIV tertinggi yang ditularkan melalui pria ke wanita. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa anak-anak dengan HIV memiliki asupan energi dan protein yang kurang, dan anemia. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi seimbang pada orangtua yang memiliki anak HIV sehingga adanya peningkatan perilaku yang baik terhadap asupan makanan pada anaknya.<br />Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pedoman nutrisi seimbang pada asupan gizi (energi dan protein) dan kadar hemoglobin pada anak-anak HIV <br />Metode: Desain penelitian adalah studi pra-eksperimental desain One Group Pre-Post Test. Penelitian ini adalah desain pre-post test kelompok kontrol non acak. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Agustus hingga Oktober 2019. Sampel diambil secara purposive dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan paired t-test.<br />Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifi kan antara asupan energi rata-rata sebelum konseling dan setelah konseling (p = 0,013) tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifi kan antara asupan protein rata-rata sebelum dan sesudah konseling (p = 0,934). Ada perbedaan yang signifi kan antara level Hb sebelum dan setelah konseling (p = 0,000).<br />Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap asupan energi tetapi tidak ada pengaruh terhadap kadar Hb</p><p>KATA KUNCI: energi; protein; Hb; HIV; anak</p><p><br />ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: HIV is a signifi cant health problem in Indonesia. There were an estimated 242.699 persons living with HIV. Central Jakarta is one of the cities in DKI Jakarta that has the highest estimated number of HIV cases transmitted through men to women. Thus means that there is a possibility that the number of HIV children in Central Jakarta wil also increase. Some studies suggest that children with HIV have less energy and protein intake, and anemia. Because of this, the importance of increasing the knowledge of balanced nutrition in parents who have HIV children so that there is an increase in good behavior towards food intake in children. <br />Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the effect of providing balanced nutrition guidelines on nutritional intake (energy and protein) and hemoglobin levels in HIV children. <br />Methods: The research design was a pre-expreimental study of the One Group Pre-Post Test design. study was experimental non randomized control group pre-post test design. The study was carried out at RSUPN dr Cipto Mangunkusumo from August to October 2019. The sample were taken purposively with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by using paired t-test.<br />Results:The results showed that there was a signifi cant difference between the mean energy intake before counseling and after counseling (p = 0.013) but there was no signifi cant difference between the average protein intake before and after counseling (p = 0.934). There was a signifi cant difference between the level Hb before and atter counseling (p = 0.000).<br />Conclusions: The provision of counseling on nutrition guidelines provide a signifi cant difference between the average energy intake and the levels of Hb.</p><p>KEYWORDS: energy; protein; Hb; HIV; children</p>